update documentation

This commit is contained in:
daan 2019-08-10 17:27:07 -07:00
parent 6bc6628ad4
commit b74f9b979f
12 changed files with 231 additions and 63 deletions

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@ -609,15 +609,23 @@ bool mi_heap_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_t* heap, bool visit_all_blocks, mi_block
/// Runtime options.
typedef enum mi_option_e {
mi_option_page_reset, ///< Reset page memory when it becomes free.
mi_option_cache_reset, ///< Reset segment memory when a segment is cached.
mi_option_pool_commit, ///< Commit segments in large pools.
// stable options
mi_option_show_stats, ///< Print statistics to `stderr` when the program is done.
mi_option_show_errors, ///< Print error messages to `stderr`.
mi_option_verbose, ///< Print verbose messages to `stderr`.
// the following options are experimental
mi_option_secure, ///< Experimental
mi_option_eager_commit, ///< Eagerly commit segments (4MiB) (enabled by default).
mi_option_eager_region_commit, ///< Eagerly commit large (256MiB) memory regions (enabled by default except on Windows)
mi_option_large_os_pages, ///< Use large OS pages if possible
mi_option_page_reset, ///< Reset page memory when it becomes free.
mi_option_cache_reset, ///< Reset segment memory when a segment is cached.
mi_option_reset_decommits, ///< Experimental
mi_option_reset_discards, ///< Experimental
_mi_option_last
} mi_option_t;
bool mi_option_enabled(mi_option_t option);
void mi_option_enable(mi_option_t option, bool enable);
void mi_option_enable_default(mi_option_t option, bool enable);
@ -654,12 +662,17 @@ void mi_free_size(void* p, size_t size);
void mi_free_size_aligned(void* p, size_t size, size_t alignment);
void mi_free_aligned(void* p, size_t alignment);
/// Only defined in C++ compilation; raise `std::bad_alloc` exception on failure.
/// raise `std::bad_alloc` exception on failure.
void* mi_new(std::size_t n) noexcept(false);
/// Only defined in C++ compilation; raise `std::bad_alloc` exception on failure.
/// raise `std::bad_alloc` exception on failure.
void* mi_new_aligned(std::size_t n, std::align_val_t alignment) noexcept(false);
/// return `NULL` on failure.
void* mi_new_nothrow(size_t n);
``
/// return `NULL` on failure.
void* mi_new_aligned_nothrow(size_t n, size_t alignment);
/// \}
@ -791,6 +804,25 @@ completely and redirect all calls to the _mimalloc_ library instead.
See \ref overrides for more info.
## Environment Options
You can set further options either programmatically (using [`mi_option_set`](https://microsoft.github.io/mimalloc/group__options.html)),
or via environment variables.
- `MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1`: show statistics when the program terminates.
- `MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1`: show verbose messages.
- `MIMALLOC_SHOW_ERRORS=1`: show error and warning messages.
- `MIMALLOC_LARGE_OS_PAGES=1`: use large OS pages when available; for some workloads this can significantly
improve performance. Use `MIMALLOC_VERBOSE` to check if the large OS pages are enabled -- usually one needs
to explicitly allow large OS pages (as on [Windows][windows-huge] and [Linux][linux-huge]).
- `MIMALLOC_EAGER_REGION_COMMIT=1`: on Windows, commit large (256MiB) regions eagerly. On Windows, these regions
show in the working set even though usually just a small part is committed to physical memory. This is why it
turned off by default on Windows as it looks not good in the task manager. However, in reality it is always better
to turn it on as it improves performance and has no other drawbacks.
[linux-huge]: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/sect-oracle_9i_and_10g_tuning_guide-large_memory_optimization_big_pages_and_huge_pages-configuring_huge_pages_in_red_hat_enterprise_linux_4_or_5
[windows-huge]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/enable-the-lock-pages-in-memory-option-windows?view=sql-server-2017
*/
/*! \page overrides Overriding Malloc
@ -801,17 +833,14 @@ Overriding the standard `malloc` can be done either _dynamically_ or _statically
This is the recommended way to override the standard malloc interface.
### Unix, BSD, macOS
### Linux, BSD
On these systems we preload the mimalloc shared
library so all calls to the standard `malloc` interface are
resolved to the _mimalloc_ library.
- `env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram` (on Linux, BSD, etc.)
- `env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram` (On macOS)
Note certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from
the [shell](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash).
- `env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram`
You can set extra environment variables to check that mimalloc is running,
like:
@ -823,18 +852,36 @@ or run with the debug version to get detailed statistics:
env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc-debug.so myprogram
```
### MacOS
On macOS we can also preload the mimalloc shared
library so all calls to the standard `malloc` interface are
resolved to the _mimalloc_ library.
- `env DYLD_FORCE_FLAT_NAMESPACE=1 DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram`
Note that certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from
the [shell](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash).
Note: unfortunately, at this time, dynamic overriding on macOS seems broken but it is actively worked on to fix this
(see issue [`#50`](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/issues/50)).
### Windows
On Windows you need to link your program explicitly with the mimalloc
DLL, and use the C-runtime library as a DLL (the `/MD` or `/MDd` switch).
To ensure the mimalloc DLL gets loaded it is easiest to insert some
call to the mimalloc API in the `main` function, like `mi_version()`.
call to the mimalloc API in the `main` function, like `mi_version()`
(or use the `/INCLUDE:mi_version` switch on the linker)
Due to the way mimalloc intercepts the standard malloc at runtime, it is best
to link to the mimalloc import library first on the command line so it gets
loaded right after the universal C runtime DLL (`ucrtbase`). See
the `mimalloc-override-test` project for an example.
Note: the current overriding on Windows works for most programs but some programs still have
trouble -- the `dev-exp` branch contains a newer way of overriding that is more
robust; try this out if you experience troubles.
## Static override

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@ -112,13 +112,19 @@ $(document).ready(function(){initNavTree('group__options.html','');});
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="enum-members"></a>
Enumerations</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:gafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">enum &#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__options.html#gafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884c">mi_option_t</a> { <br />
&#160;&#160;<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968">mi_option_page_reset</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07">mi_option_cache_reset</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1d7948dd9565c26d411e6dbdf549be79">mi_option_pool_commit</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca0957ef73b2550764b4840edf48422fda">mi_option_show_stats</a>,
<br />
&#160;&#160;<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cafbf4822e5c00732c5984b32a032837f0">mi_option_show_errors</a>,
&#160;&#160;<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca0957ef73b2550764b4840edf48422fda">mi_option_show_stats</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cafbf4822e5c00732c5984b32a032837f0">mi_option_show_errors</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca7c8b7bf5281c581bad64f5daa6442777">mi_option_verbose</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca083ee20765063fc6d727e11d33cf378f">mi_option_secure</a>,
<br />
&#160;&#160;<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1e8de72c93da7ff22d91e1e27b52ac2b">mi_option_eager_commit</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca32ce97ece29f69e82579679cf8a307ad">mi_option_eager_region_commit</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca4192d491200d0055df0554d4cf65054e">mi_option_large_os_pages</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968">mi_option_page_reset</a>,
<br />
&#160;&#160;<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07">mi_option_cache_reset</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac81ee965b130fa81238913a3c239d536">mi_option_reset_decommits</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cab3a837b5ceee250e14e051dbee2a441b">mi_option_reset_discards</a>,
<a class="el" href="group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca5b4357b74be0d87568036c32eb1a2e4a">_mi_option_last</a>
<br />
}</td></tr>
@ -157,18 +163,28 @@ Functions</h2></td></tr>
<p>Runtime options. </p>
<table class="fieldtable">
<tr><th colspan="2">Enumerator</th></tr><tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968"></a>mi_option_page_reset&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Reset page memory when it becomes free. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07"></a>mi_option_cache_reset&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Reset segment memory when a segment is cached. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1d7948dd9565c26d411e6dbdf549be79"></a>mi_option_pool_commit&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Commit segments in large pools. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca0957ef73b2550764b4840edf48422fda"></a>mi_option_show_stats&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Print statistics to <code>stderr</code> when the program is done. </p>
<tr><th colspan="2">Enumerator</th></tr><tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca0957ef73b2550764b4840edf48422fda"></a>mi_option_show_stats&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Print statistics to <code>stderr</code> when the program is done. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cafbf4822e5c00732c5984b32a032837f0"></a>mi_option_show_errors&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Print error messages to <code>stderr</code>. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca7c8b7bf5281c581bad64f5daa6442777"></a>mi_option_verbose&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Print verbose messages to <code>stderr</code>. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca083ee20765063fc6d727e11d33cf378f"></a>mi_option_secure&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Experimental. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1e8de72c93da7ff22d91e1e27b52ac2b"></a>mi_option_eager_commit&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Eagerly commit segments (4MiB) (enabled by default). </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca32ce97ece29f69e82579679cf8a307ad"></a>mi_option_eager_region_commit&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Eagerly commit large (256MiB) memory regions (enabled by default except on Windows) </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca4192d491200d0055df0554d4cf65054e"></a>mi_option_large_os_pages&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Use large OS pages if possible. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968"></a>mi_option_page_reset&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Reset page memory when it becomes free. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07"></a>mi_option_cache_reset&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Reset segment memory when a segment is cached. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac81ee965b130fa81238913a3c239d536"></a>mi_option_reset_decommits&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Experimental. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cab3a837b5ceee250e14e051dbee2a441b"></a>mi_option_reset_discards&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"><p>Experimental. </p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="fieldname"><a id="ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca5b4357b74be0d87568036c32eb1a2e4a"></a>_mi_option_last&#160;</td><td class="fielddoc"></td></tr>
</table>

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@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
var group__options =
[
[ "mi_option_t", "group__options.html#gafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884c", [
[ "mi_option_page_reset", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968", null ],
[ "mi_option_cache_reset", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07", null ],
[ "mi_option_pool_commit", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1d7948dd9565c26d411e6dbdf549be79", null ],
[ "mi_option_show_stats", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca0957ef73b2550764b4840edf48422fda", null ],
[ "mi_option_show_errors", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cafbf4822e5c00732c5984b32a032837f0", null ],
[ "mi_option_verbose", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca7c8b7bf5281c581bad64f5daa6442777", null ],
[ "mi_option_secure", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca083ee20765063fc6d727e11d33cf378f", null ],
[ "mi_option_eager_commit", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca1e8de72c93da7ff22d91e1e27b52ac2b", null ],
[ "mi_option_eager_region_commit", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca32ce97ece29f69e82579679cf8a307ad", null ],
[ "mi_option_large_os_pages", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca4192d491200d0055df0554d4cf65054e", null ],
[ "mi_option_page_reset", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cada854dd272c66342f18a93ee254a2968", null ],
[ "mi_option_cache_reset", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac2157a0cb79cd996c1db7d9f6a090c07", null ],
[ "mi_option_reset_decommits", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cac81ee965b130fa81238913a3c239d536", null ],
[ "mi_option_reset_discards", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884cab3a837b5ceee250e14e051dbee2a441b", null ],
[ "_mi_option_last", "group__options.html#ggafebf7ed116adb38ae5218bc3ce06884ca5b4357b74be0d87568036c32eb1a2e4a", null ]
] ],
[ "mi_option_enable", "group__options.html#ga6d45a20a3131f18bc351b69763b38ce4", null ],

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@ -137,11 +137,17 @@ Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ga0d28d5cf61e6bfbb18c63092939fe5c9"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__posix.html#ga0d28d5cf61e6bfbb18c63092939fe5c9">mi_free_aligned</a> (void *p, size_t alignment)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ga0d28d5cf61e6bfbb18c63092939fe5c9"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void *&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__posix.html#gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545">mi_new</a> (std::size_t n) noexcept(false)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Only defined in C++ compilation; raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. <a href="#gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. <a href="#gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:gaad048a9fce3d02c5909cd05c6ec24545"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void *&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__posix.html#gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3">mi_new_aligned</a> (std::size_t n, std::align_val_t alignment) noexcept(false)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Only defined in C++ compilation; raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. <a href="#gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. <a href="#gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:gaef2c2bdb4f70857902d3c8903ac095f3"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void *&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__posix.html#gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a">mi_new_nothrow</a> (size_t n)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">return <code>NULL</code> on failure. <a href="#gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void *&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__posix.html#gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c">mi_new_aligned_nothrow</a> (size_t n, size_t alignment)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">return <code>NULL</code> on failure. <a href="#gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>
<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<p><code>mi_</code> prefixed implementations of various Posix, Unix, and C++ allocation functions. </p>
@ -405,7 +411,7 @@ Functions</h2></td></tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Only defined in C++ compilation; raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. </p>
<p>raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. </p>
</div>
</div>
@ -443,7 +449,57 @@ Functions</h2></td></tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Only defined in C++ compilation; raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. </p>
<p>raise <code>std::bad_alloc</code> exception on failure. </p>
</div>
</div>
<a id="gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#gab5e29558926d934c3f1cae8c815f942c">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>mi_new_aligned_nothrow()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">void* mi_new_aligned_nothrow </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">size_t&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>n</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">size_t&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>alignment</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>return <code>NULL</code> on failure. </p>
</div>
</div>
<a id="gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#gaeaded64eda71ed6b1d569d3e723abc4a">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>mi_new_nothrow()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
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<td class="paramtype">size_t&#160;</td>
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<p>return <code>NULL</code> on failure. </p>
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@ -105,17 +105,22 @@ $(document).ready(function(){initNavTree('overrides.html','');});
<div class="textblock"><p>Overriding the standard <code>malloc</code> can be done either <em>dynamically</em> or <em>statically</em>.</p>
<h2>Dynamic override</h2>
<p>This is the recommended way to override the standard malloc interface.</p>
<h3>Unix, BSD, macOS</h3>
<h3>Linux, BSD</h3>
<p>On these systems we preload the mimalloc shared library so all calls to the standard <code>malloc</code> interface are resolved to the <em>mimalloc</em> library.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram</code> (on Linux, BSD, etc.)</li>
<li><p class="startli"><code>env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram</code> (On macOS)</p>
<p class="startli">Note certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from the <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash">shell</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><code>env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram</code></li>
</ul>
<p>You can set extra environment variables to check that mimalloc is running, like: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">env MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> or run with the debug version to get detailed statistics: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc-debug.so myprogram</div></div><!-- fragment --><h3>Windows</h3>
<p>On Windows you need to link your program explicitly with the mimalloc DLL, and use the C-runtime library as a DLL (the <code>/MD</code> or <code>/MDd</code> switch). To ensure the mimalloc DLL gets loaded it is easiest to insert some call to the mimalloc API in the <code>main</code> function, like <code>mi_version()</code>.</p>
<p>You can set extra environment variables to check that mimalloc is running, like: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">env MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> or run with the debug version to get detailed statistics: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc-debug.so myprogram</div></div><!-- fragment --><h3>MacOS</h3>
<p>On macOS we can also preload the mimalloc shared library so all calls to the standard <code>malloc</code> interface are resolved to the <em>mimalloc</em> library.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>env DYLD_FORCE_FLAT_NAMESPACE=1 DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Note that certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from the <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash">shell</a>.</p>
<p>Note: unfortunately, at this time, dynamic overriding on macOS seems broken but it is actively worked on to fix this (see issue <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/issues/50"><code>#50</code></a>).</p>
<h3>Windows</h3>
<p>On Windows you need to link your program explicitly with the mimalloc DLL, and use the C-runtime library as a DLL (the <code>/MD</code> or <code>/MDd</code> switch). To ensure the mimalloc DLL gets loaded it is easiest to insert some call to the mimalloc API in the <code>main</code> function, like <code>mi_version()</code> (or use the <code>/INCLUDE:mi_version</code> switch on the linker)</p>
<p>Due to the way mimalloc intercepts the standard malloc at runtime, it is best to link to the mimalloc import library first on the command line so it gets loaded right after the universal C runtime DLL (<code>ucrtbase</code>). See the <code>mimalloc-override-test</code> project for an example.</p>
<p>Note: the current overriding on Windows works for most programs but some programs still have trouble &ndash; the <code>dev-exp</code> branch contains a newer way of overriding that is more robust; try this out if you experience troubles.</p>
<h2>Static override</h2>
<p>On Unix systems, you can also statically link with <em>mimalloc</em> to override the standard malloc interface. The recommended way is to link the final program with the <em>mimalloc</em> single object file (<code>mimalloc-override.o</code>). We use an object file instead of a library file as linkers give preference to that over archives to resolve symbols. To ensure that the standard malloc interface resolves to the <em>mimalloc</em> library, link it as the first object file. For example:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">gcc -o myprogram mimalloc-<span class="keyword">override</span>.o myfile1.c ...</div></div><!-- fragment --><h2>List of Overrides:</h2>

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<div class="contents">
<div class="textblock"><p>The preferred usage is including <code>&lt;mimalloc.h&gt;</code>, linking with the shared- or static library, and using the <code>mi_malloc</code> API exclusively for allocation. For example, </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">gcc -o myprogram -lmimalloc myfile.c</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>mimalloc uses only safe OS calls (<code>mmap</code> and <code>VirtualAlloc</code>) and can co-exist with other allocators linked to the same program. If you use <code>cmake</code>, you can simply use: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">find_package(mimalloc 1.0 REQUIRED)</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> in your <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> to find a locally installed mimalloc. Then use either: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">target_link_libraries(myapp PUBLIC mimalloc)</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> to link with the shared (dynamic) library, or: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">target_link_libraries(myapp PUBLIC mimalloc-<span class="keyword">static</span>)</div></div><!-- fragment --><p> to link with the static library. See <code>test\CMakeLists.txt</code> for an example.</p>
<p>You can pass environment variables to print verbose messages (<code>MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1</code>) and statistics (<code>MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1</code>) (in the debug version): </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">&gt; env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 ./cfrac 175451865205073170563711388363</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">175451865205073170563711388363 = 374456281610909315237213 * 468551</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">heap stats: peak total freed unit</div><div class="line">normal 2: 16.4 kb 17.5 mb 17.5 mb 16 b ok</div><div class="line">normal 3: 16.3 kb 15.2 mb 15.2 mb 24 b ok</div><div class="line">normal 4: 64 b 4.6 kb 4.6 kb 32 b ok</div><div class="line">normal 5: 80 b 118.4 kb 118.4 kb 40 b ok</div><div class="line">normal 6: 48 b 48 b 48 b 48 b ok</div><div class="line">normal 17: 960 b 960 b 960 b 320 b ok</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">heap stats: peak total freed unit</div><div class="line"> normal: 33.9 kb 32.8 mb 32.8 mb 1 b ok</div><div class="line"> huge: 0 b 0 b 0 b 1 b ok</div><div class="line"> total: 33.9 kb 32.8 mb 32.8 mb 1 b ok</div><div class="line">malloc requested: 32.8 mb</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> committed: 58.2 kb 58.2 kb 58.2 kb 1 b ok</div><div class="line"> reserved: 2.0 mb 2.0 mb 2.0 mb 1 b ok</div><div class="line"> reset: 0 b 0 b 0 b 1 b ok</div><div class="line"> segments: 1 1 1</div><div class="line">-abandoned: 0</div><div class="line"> pages: 6 6 6</div><div class="line">-abandoned: 0</div><div class="line"> mmaps: 3</div><div class="line"> mmap fast: 0</div><div class="line"> mmap slow: 1</div><div class="line"> threads: 0</div><div class="line"> elapsed: 2.022s</div><div class="line"> process: user: 1.781s, system: 0.016s, faults: 756, reclaims: 0, rss: 2.7 mb</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>The above model of using the <code>mi_</code> prefixed API is not always possible though in existing programs that already use the standard malloc interface, and another option is to override the standard malloc interface completely and redirect all calls to the <em>mimalloc</em> library instead.</p>
<p>See <a class="el" href="overrides.html">Overriding Malloc</a> for more info. </p>
<p>See <a class="el" href="overrides.html">Overriding Malloc</a> for more info.</p>
<h2>Environment Options</h2>
<p>You can set further options either programmatically (using <a href="https://microsoft.github.io/mimalloc/group__options.html"><code>mi_option_set</code></a>), or via environment variables.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1</code>: show statistics when the program terminates.</li>
<li><code>MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1</code>: show verbose messages.</li>
<li><code>MIMALLOC_SHOW_ERRORS=1</code>: show error and warning messages.</li>
<li><code>MIMALLOC_LARGE_OS_PAGES=1</code>: use large OS pages when available; for some workloads this can significantly improve performance. Use <code>MIMALLOC_VERBOSE</code> to check if the large OS pages are enabled &ndash; usually one needs to explicitly allow large OS pages (as on <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/enable-the-lock-pages-in-memory-option-windows?view=sql-server-2017">Windows</a> and <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/sect-oracle_9i_and_10g_tuning_guide-large_memory_optimization_big_pages_and_huge_pages-configuring_huge_pages_in_red_hat_enterprise_linux_4_or_5">Linux</a>).</li>
<li><code>MIMALLOC_EAGER_REGION_COMMIT=1</code>: on Windows, commit large (256MiB) regions eagerly. On Windows, these regions show in the working set even though usually just a small part is committed to physical memory. This is why it turned off by default on Windows as it looks not good in the task manager. However, in reality it is always better to turn it on as it improves performance and has no other drawbacks. </li>
</ul>
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