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< div class = "title" > Overriding Malloc < / div > < / div >
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< div class = "textblock" > < p > Overriding the standard < code > malloc< / code > can be done either < em > dynamically< / em > or < em > statically< / em > .< / p >
< h2 > Dynamic override< / h2 >
< p > This is the recommended way to override the standard malloc interface.< / p >
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< h3 > Linux, BSD< / h3 >
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< p > On these systems we preload the mimalloc shared library so all calls to the standard < code > malloc< / code > interface are resolved to the < em > mimalloc< / em > library.< / p >
< ul >
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< li > < code > env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram< / code > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > You can set extra environment variables to check that mimalloc is running, like: < / p > < div class = "fragment" > < div class = "line" > env MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram< / div >
< / div > <!-- fragment --> < p > or run with the debug version to get detailed statistics: < / p > < div class = "fragment" > < div class = "line" > env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc-debug.so myprogram< / div >
< / div > <!-- fragment --> < h3 > MacOS< / h3 >
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< p > On macOS we can also preload the mimalloc shared library so all calls to the standard < code > malloc< / code > interface are resolved to the < em > mimalloc< / em > library.< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > env DYLD_FORCE_FLAT_NAMESPACE=1 DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Note that certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from the < a href = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash" > shell< / a > .< / p >
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< p > (Note: macOS support for dynamic overriding is recent, please report any issues.)< / p >
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< h3 > Windows< / h3 >
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< p > Overriding on Windows is robust and has the particular advantage to be able to redirect all malloc/free calls that go through the (dynamic) C runtime allocator, including those from other DLL's or libraries.< / p >
< p > The overriding on Windows requires that you link your program explicitly with the mimalloc DLL and use the C-runtime library as a DLL (using the < code > /MD< / code > or < code > /MDd< / code > switch). Also, the < code > mimalloc-redirect.dll< / code > (or < code > mimalloc-redirect32.dll< / code > ) must be available in the same folder as the main < code > mimalloc-override.dll< / code > at runtime (as it is a dependency). The redirection DLL ensures that all calls to the C runtime malloc API get redirected to mimalloc (in < code > mimalloc-override.dll< / code > ).< / p >
< p > To ensure the mimalloc DLL is loaded at run-time it is easiest to insert some call to the mimalloc API in the < code > main< / code > function, like < code > mi_version()< / code > (or use the < code > /INCLUDE:mi_version< / code > switch on the linker). See the < code > mimalloc-override-test< / code > project for an example on how to use this. For best performance on Windows with C++, it is also recommended to also override the < code > new< / code > /< code > delete< / code > operations (by including < a href = "https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/master/include/mimalloc-new-delete.h" > < code > mimalloc-new-delete.h< / code > < / a > a single(!) source file in your project).< / p >
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< p > The environment variable < code > MIMALLOC_DISABLE_REDIRECT=1< / code > can be used to disable dynamic overriding at run-time. Use < code > MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1< / code > to check if mimalloc was successfully redirected.< / p >
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< p > (Note: in principle, it is possible to even patch existing executables without any recompilation if they are linked with the dynamic C runtime (< code > ucrtbase.dll< / code > ) – just put the < code > mimalloc-override.dll< / code > into the import table (and put < code > mimalloc-redirect.dll< / code > in the same folder) Such patching can be done for example with < a href = "https://ntcore.com/?page_id=388" > CFF Explorer< / a > ).< / p >
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< h2 > Static override< / h2 >
< p > On Unix systems, you can also statically link with < em > mimalloc< / em > to override the standard malloc interface. The recommended way is to link the final program with the < em > mimalloc< / em > single object file (< code > mimalloc-override.o< / code > ). We use an object file instead of a library file as linkers give preference to that over archives to resolve symbols. To ensure that the standard malloc interface resolves to the < em > mimalloc< / em > library, link it as the first object file. For example:< / p >
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< div class = "fragment" > < div class = "line" > gcc -o myprogram mimalloc-< span class = "keyword" > override< / span > .o myfile1.c ...< / div >
< / div > <!-- fragment --> < h2 > List of Overrides:< / h2 >
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< p > The specific functions that get redirected to the < em > mimalloc< / em > library are:< / p >
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< div class = "fragment" > < div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // C< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * malloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * calloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > n);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * realloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > newsize);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > free(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * aligned_alloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > alignment, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * strdup(< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * s);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * strndup(< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * s, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > n);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * realpath(< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * fname, < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * resolved_name);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // C++< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > delete< / span > (< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > delete< / span > [](< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > (std::size_t n) noexcept(< span class = "keyword" > false< / span > );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > [](std::size_t n) noexcept(< span class = "keyword" > false< / span > );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > ( std::size_t n, std::align_val_t align) noexcept(< span class = "keyword" > false< / span > );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > []( std::size_t n, std::align_val_t align) noexcept(< span class = "keyword" > false< / span > );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > ( std::size_t count, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > std::nothrow_t& tag);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > []( std::size_t count, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > std::nothrow_t& tag);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > ( std::size_t count, std::align_val_t al, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > std::nothrow_t& );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * < span class = "keyword" > operator< / span > < span class = "keyword" > new< / span > []( std::size_t count, std::align_val_t al, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > std::nothrow_t& );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Posix< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > posix_memalign(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > ** p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > alignment, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Linux< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * memalign(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > alignment, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * valloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * pvalloc(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > malloc_usable_size(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > *p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * reallocf(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > newsize);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // macOS< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > vfree(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > malloc_size(< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > malloc_good_size(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // BSD< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * reallocarray( < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > count, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size );< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * reallocf(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > newsize);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > cfree(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // NetBSD< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > reallocarr(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > count, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Windows< / span > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * _expand(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > newsize);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > _msize(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * _malloc_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * fname, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > line);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * _realloc_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > newsize, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * fname, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > line);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * _calloc_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > count, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * fname, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > line);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * _expand_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > size, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keywordtype" > char< / span > * fname, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > line);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > size_t< / span > _msize_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type);< / div >
< div class = "line" > < span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > _free_dbg(< span class = "keywordtype" > void< / span > * p, < span class = "keywordtype" > int< / span > block_type);< / div >
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