166 lines
5.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
166 lines
5.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`os` -- basic "operating system" services
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==============================================
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.. module:: os
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:synopsis: basic "operating system" services
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|see_cpython_module| :mod:`python:os`.
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The ``os`` module contains functions for filesystem access and mounting,
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terminal redirection and duplication, and the ``uname`` and ``urandom``
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functions.
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General functions
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-----------------
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.. function:: uname()
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Return a tuple (possibly a named tuple) containing information about the
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underlying machine and/or its operating system. The tuple has five fields
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in the following order, each of them being a string:
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* ``sysname`` -- the name of the underlying system
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* ``nodename`` -- the network name (can be the same as ``sysname``)
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* ``release`` -- the version of the underlying system
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* ``version`` -- the MicroPython version and build date
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* ``machine`` -- an identifier for the underlying hardware (eg board, CPU)
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.. function:: urandom(n)
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Return a bytes object with *n* random bytes. Whenever possible, it is
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generated by the hardware random number generator.
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Filesystem access
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-----------------
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.. function:: chdir(path)
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Change current directory.
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.. function:: getcwd()
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Get the current directory.
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.. function:: ilistdir([dir])
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This function returns an iterator which then yields tuples corresponding to
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the entries in the directory that it is listing. With no argument it lists the
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current directory, otherwise it lists the directory given by *dir*.
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The tuples have the form *(name, type, inode[, size])*:
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- *name* is a string (or bytes if *dir* is a bytes object) and is the name of
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the entry;
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- *type* is an integer that specifies the type of the entry, with 0x4000 for
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directories and 0x8000 for regular files;
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- *inode* is an integer corresponding to the inode of the file, and may be 0
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for filesystems that don't have such a notion.
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- Some platforms may return a 4-tuple that includes the entry's *size*. For
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file entries, *size* is an integer representing the size of the file
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or -1 if unknown. Its meaning is currently undefined for directory
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entries.
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.. function:: listdir([dir])
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With no argument, list the current directory. Otherwise list the given directory.
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.. function:: mkdir(path)
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Create a new directory.
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.. function:: remove(path)
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Remove a file.
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.. function:: rmdir(path)
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Remove a directory.
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.. function:: rename(old_path, new_path)
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Rename a file.
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.. function:: stat(path)
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Get the status of a file or directory.
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.. function:: statvfs(path)
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Get the status of a filesystem.
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Returns a tuple with the filesystem information in the following order:
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* ``f_bsize`` -- file system block size
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* ``f_frsize`` -- fragment size
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* ``f_blocks`` -- size of fs in f_frsize units
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* ``f_bfree`` -- number of free blocks
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* ``f_bavail`` -- number of free blocks for unprivileged users
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* ``f_files`` -- number of inodes
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* ``f_ffree`` -- number of free inodes
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* ``f_favail`` -- number of free inodes for unprivileged users
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* ``f_flag`` -- mount flags
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* ``f_namemax`` -- maximum filename length
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Parameters related to inodes: ``f_files``, ``f_ffree``, ``f_avail``
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and the ``f_flags`` parameter may return ``0`` as they can be unavailable
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in a port-specific implementation.
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.. function:: sync()
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Sync all filesystems.
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Terminal redirection and duplication
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------------------------------------
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.. function:: dupterm(stream_object, index=0, /)
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Duplicate or switch the MicroPython terminal (the REPL) on the given `stream`-like
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object. The *stream_object* argument must be a native stream object, or derive
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from ``io.IOBase`` and implement the ``readinto()`` and
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``write()`` methods. The stream should be in non-blocking mode and
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``readinto()`` should return ``None`` if there is no data available for reading.
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After calling this function all terminal output is repeated on this stream,
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and any input that is available on the stream is passed on to the terminal input.
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The *index* parameter should be a non-negative integer and specifies which
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duplication slot is set. A given port may implement more than one slot (slot 0
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will always be available) and in that case terminal input and output is
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duplicated on all the slots that are set.
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If ``None`` is passed as the *stream_object* then duplication is cancelled on
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the slot given by *index*.
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The function returns the previous stream-like object in the given slot.
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Filesystem mounting
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-------------------
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The following functions and classes have been moved to the :mod:`vfs` module.
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They are provided in this module only for backwards compatibility and will be
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removed in version 2 of MicroPython.
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.. function:: mount(fsobj, mount_point, *, readonly)
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See `vfs.mount`.
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.. function:: umount(mount_point)
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See `vfs.umount`.
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.. class:: VfsFat(block_dev)
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See `vfs.VfsFat`.
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.. class:: VfsLfs1(block_dev, readsize=32, progsize=32, lookahead=32)
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See `vfs.VfsLfs1`.
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.. class:: VfsLfs2(block_dev, readsize=32, progsize=32, lookahead=32, mtime=True)
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See `vfs.VfsLfs2`.
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.. class:: VfsPosix(root=None)
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See `vfs.VfsPosix`.
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