lua/liolib.c

/*
** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.87 2010/03/17 21:37:37 roberto Exp roberto $
** Standard I/O (and system) library
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/


#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define liolib_c
#define LUA_LIB

#include "lua.h"

#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "lualib.h"


/*
** lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current one through
** the file streams.
*/
#if !defined(lua_popen)

#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN)

#define lua_popen(L,c,m)        ((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
#define lua_pclose(L,file)      ((void)L, pclose(file))

#elif defined(LUA_WIN)

#define lua_popen(L,c,m)        ((void)L, _popen(c,m))
#define lua_pclose(L,file)      ((void)L, _pclose(file))

#else

#define lua_popen(L,c,m)        ((void)((void)c, m),  \
                luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)
#define lua_pclose(L,file)              ((void)((void)L, file), -1)

#endif

#endif



#define IO_INPUT	1
#define IO_OUTPUT	2


static const char *const fnames[] = {"input", "output"};


static int pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) {
  int en = errno;  /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
  if (i) {
    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
    return 1;
  }
  else {
    lua_pushnil(L);
    if (filename)
      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en));
    else
      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s", strerror(en));
    lua_pushinteger(L, en);
    return 3;
  }
}


static void fileerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *filename) {
  lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
  luaL_argerror(L, arg, lua_tostring(L, -1));
}


#define tofilep(L)	((FILE **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))


static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
  void *ud;
  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
  ud = luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
  if (ud == NULL)
    lua_pushnil(L);  /* not a file */
  else if (*((FILE **)ud) == NULL)
    lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
  else
    lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
  return 1;
}


static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **f = tofilep(L);
  if (*f == NULL)
    luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
  return *f;
}


/*
** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle
** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
** file is not left opened.
*/
static FILE **newprefile (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **pf = (FILE **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(FILE *));
  *pf = NULL;  /* file handle is currently `closed' */
  luaL_getmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
  return pf;
}


static FILE **newfile (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **pf = newprefile(L);
  lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));  /* set upvalue... */
  lua_setenv(L, -2);  /* ... as environment for new file */
  return pf;
}


/*
** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr
*/
static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
  lua_pushnil(L);
  lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
  return 2;
}


/*
** function to close 'popen' files
*/
static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **p = tofilep(L);
  int stat = lua_pclose(L, *p);
  *p = NULL;
  if (stat == -1)  /* error? */
    return pushresult(L, 0, NULL);
  else {
    lua_pushinteger(L, stat);
    return 1;  /* return status */
  }
}


/*
** function to close regular files
*/
static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **p = tofilep(L);
  int ok = (fclose(*p) == 0);
  *p = NULL;
  return pushresult(L, ok, NULL);
}


static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
  lua_getenv(L, 1);
  lua_getfield(L, -1, "__close");
  return (lua_tocfunction(L, -1))(L);
}


static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
  if (lua_isnone(L, 1))
    lua_rawgeti(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), IO_OUTPUT);
  tofile(L);  /* make sure argument is a file */
  return aux_close(L);
}


static int io_gc (lua_State *L) {
  FILE *f = *tofilep(L);
  /* ignore closed files */
  if (f != NULL)
    aux_close(L);
  return 0;
}


static int io_tostring (lua_State *L) {
  FILE *f = *tofilep(L);
  if (f == NULL)
    lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");
  else
    lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", f);
  return 1;
}


static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
  FILE **pf;
  int i = 0;
  /* check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?b?' */
  if (!(mode[i] != '\0' && strchr("rwa", mode[i++]) != NULL &&
       (mode[i] != '+' || ++i) &&    /* skip if char is '+' */
       (mode[i] != 'b' || ++i) &&    /* skip if char is 'b' */
       (mode[i] == '\0')))
    luaL_error(L, "invalid mode " LUA_QL("%s")
                  " (should match " LUA_QL("[rwa]%%+?b?") ")", mode);
  pf = newfile(L);
  *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
  return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
}


/*
** this function has a separated environment, which defines the
** correct __close for 'popen' files
*/
static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
  FILE **pf = newfile(L);
  *pf = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);
  return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
}


static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
  FILE **pf = newfile(L);
  *pf = tmpfile();
  return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
}


static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, int findex) {
  FILE *f;
  lua_rawgeti(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), findex);
  f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
  if (f == NULL)
    luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", fnames[findex - 1]);
  return f;
}


static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, int f, const char *mode) {
  if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {
    const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
    if (filename) {
      FILE **pf = newfile(L);
      *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
      if (*pf == NULL)
        fileerror(L, 1, filename);
    }
    else {
      tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
      lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
    }
    lua_rawseti(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), f);
  }
  /* return current value */
  lua_rawgeti(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), f);
  return 1;
}


static int io_input (lua_State *L) {
  return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
}


static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
  return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
}


static int io_readline (lua_State *L);


static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {
  int i;
  int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1;  /* number of arguments to read */
  /* ensure that arguments will fit here and into 'io_readline' stack */
  luaL_argcheck(L, n <= LUA_MINSTACK - 3, LUA_MINSTACK - 3, "too many options");
  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file handle */
  lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of arguments to read */
  lua_pushboolean(L, toclose);  /* close/not close file when finished */
  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) lua_pushvalue(L, i + 1);  /* copy arguments */
  lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);
}


static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
  tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
  aux_lines(L, 0);
  return 1;
}


static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
  int toclose;
  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L);  /* at least one argument */
  if (lua_isnil(L, 1)) {  /* no file name? */
    lua_rawgeti(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), IO_INPUT);  /* get default input */
    lua_replace(L, 1);   /* put it at index 1 */
    tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
    toclose = 0;  /* do not close it after iteration */
  }
  else {  /* open a new file */
    const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
    FILE **pf = newfile(L);
    *pf = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (*pf == NULL)
      fileerror(L, 1, filename);
    lua_replace(L, 1);   /* put file at index 1 */
    toclose = 1;  /* close it after iteration */
  }
  aux_lines(L, toclose);
  return 1;
}


/*
** {======================================================
** READ
** =======================================================
*/


static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
  lua_Number d;
  if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {
    lua_pushnumber(L, d);
    return 1;
  }
  else {
   lua_pushnil(L);  /* "result" to be removed */
   return 0;  /* read fails */
  }
}


static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
  int c = getc(f);
  ungetc(c, f);
  lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);
  return (c != EOF);
}


static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
  luaL_Buffer b;
  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
  for (;;) {
    size_t l;
    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
    if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) {  /* eof? */
      luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
      return (lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);  /* check whether read something */
    }
    l = strlen(p);
    if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')
      luaL_addsize(&b, l);
    else {
      luaL_addsize(&b, l - chop);  /* chop 'eol' if needed */
      luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
      return 1;  /* read at least an `eol' */
    }
  }
}


static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
  size_t tbr = n;  /* number of chars to be read */
  size_t rlen;  /* how much to read in each cycle */
  size_t nr;  /* number of chars actually read in each cycle */
  luaL_Buffer b;
  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
  rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;  /* try to read that much each time */
  do {
    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
    if (rlen > tbr) rlen = tbr;  /* cannot read more than asked */
    nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);
    luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
    tbr -= nr;  /* still have to read 'tbr' chars */
  } while (tbr > 0 && nr == rlen);  /* until end of count or eof */
  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
  return (tbr < n);  /* true iff read something */
}


static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
  int success;
  int n;
  clearerr(f);
  if (nargs == 0) {  /* no arguments? */
    success = read_line(L, f, 1);
    n = first+1;  /* to return 1 result */
  }
  else {  /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
    luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
    success = 1;
    for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
      if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
        size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);
        success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
      }
      else {
        const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);
        luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");
        switch (p[1]) {
          case 'n':  /* number */
            success = read_number(L, f);
            break;
          case 'l':  /* line */
            success = read_line(L, f, 1);
            break;
          case 'L':  /* line with end-of-line */
            success = read_line(L, f, 0);
            break;
          case 'a':  /* file */
            read_chars(L, f, ~((size_t)0));  /* read MAX_SIZE_T chars */
            success = 1; /* always success */
            break;
          default:
            return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (ferror(f))
    return pushresult(L, 0, NULL);
  if (!success) {
    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove last result */
    lua_pushnil(L);  /* push nil instead */
  }
  return n - first;
}


static int io_read (lua_State *L) {
  return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
}


static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
  return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
}


static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
  FILE *f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
  int i;
  int n = lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
  if (f == NULL)  /* file is already closed? */
    luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
  lua_settop(L , 1);
  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)  /* push arguments to 'g_read' */
    lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));
  n = g_read(L, f, 2);  /* 'n' is number of results */
  lua_assert(n > 0);  /* should return at least a nil */
  if (!lua_isnil(L, -n))  /* read at least one value? */
    return n;  /* return them */
  else {  /* first result is nil: EOF or error */
    if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* is there error information? */
      return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -1));  /* error */
    /* else EOF */
    if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) {  /* generator created file? */
      lua_settop(L, 0);
      lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
      aux_close(L);  /* close it */
    }
    return 0;
  }
}

/* }====================================================== */


static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
  int status = 1;
  for (; nargs--; arg++) {
    if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
      /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
      status = status &&
          fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;
    }
    else {
      size_t l;
      const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
      status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
    }
  }
  if (status) return 1;  /* file handle already on stack top */
  else return pushresult(L, status, NULL);
}


static int io_write (lua_State *L) {
  return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
}


static int f_write (lua_State *L) {
  FILE * f = tofile(L); 
  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* push file at the stack top (to be returned) */
  return g_write(L, f, 2);
}


static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
  static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};
  static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
  FILE *f = tofile(L);
  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
  long offset = luaL_optlong(L, 3, 0);
  op = fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
  if (op)
    return pushresult(L, 0, NULL);  /* error */
  else {
    lua_pushinteger(L, ftell(f));
    return 1;
  }
}


static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
  static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};
  static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};
  FILE *f = tofile(L);
  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
  lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
  int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);
  return pushresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
}



static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
  return pushresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
}


static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
  return pushresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
}


static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
  {"close", io_close},
  {"flush", io_flush},
  {"input", io_input},
  {"lines", io_lines},
  {"open", io_open},
  {"output", io_output},
  {"popen", io_popen},
  {"read", io_read},
  {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},
  {"type", io_type},
  {"write", io_write},
  {NULL, NULL}
};


static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {
  {"close", io_close},
  {"flush", f_flush},
  {"lines", f_lines},
  {"read", f_read},
  {"seek", f_seek},
  {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
  {"write", f_write},
  {"__gc", io_gc},
  {"__tostring", io_tostring},
  {NULL, NULL}
};


static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
  luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);  /* create metatable for file handles */
  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push metatable */
  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = metatable */
  luaL_register(L, NULL, flib);  /* add file methods to new metatable */
  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop new metatable */
}


static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int k, const char *fname) {
  *newprefile(L) = f;
  if (k > 0) {
    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy new file */
    lua_rawseti(L, 1, k);  /* add it to common upvalue */
  }
  lua_pushvalue(L, 3);  /* get environment for default files */
  lua_setenv(L, -2);  /* set it as environment for file */
  lua_setfield(L, 2, fname);  /* add file to module */
}


/*
** pushes a new table with {__close = cls}
*/
static void newenv (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction cls) {
  lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
  lua_pushcfunction(L, cls);
  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__close");
}


LUAMOD_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {
  lua_settop(L, 0);
  createmeta(L);
  /* create (private) environment (with fields IO_INPUT, IO_OUTPUT, __close) */
  newenv(L, io_fclose);  /* upvalue for all io functions at index 1 */
  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy to be consumed by 'openlib' */
  luaL_openlib(L, LUA_IOLIBNAME, iolib, 1);  /* new module at index 2 */
  /* create (and set) default files */
  newenv(L, io_noclose);  /* environment for default files at index 3 */
  createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
  createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
  createstdfile(L, stderr, 0, "stderr");
  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop environment for default files */
  lua_getfield(L, 2, "popen");
  newenv(L, io_pclose);  /* create environment for 'popen' streams */
  lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);  /* set it as upvalue for 'popen' */
  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop 'popen' */
  return 1;
}