TheAlgorithms-C/d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html
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<p>Implementation of a <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/variable-length-argument-c" target="_blank">function</a> similar to <code>printf</code>
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<div class="textblock"><code>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;</code><br />
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<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">struct &#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">struct used to store character in certain times <a href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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#define&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>INT_MAX_LENGTH</b>&#160;&#160;&#160;10</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ab47a4bec9213d96e1dba5171e5db0e25"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">for <code>malloc</code> and <code>free</code> functions for <code>write</code> function for <code>va_start</code> and <code>va_arg</code> functions <br /></td></tr>
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typedef struct <a class="el" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>Buffer</b></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">struct used to store character in certain times <br /></td></tr>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b">power_of_ten</a> (int a)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">is_number</a> (char *c)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Checks if a character is a number. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">char&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1">get_ch</a> (char *p, <a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *<a class="el" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Returns specific required next character. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055">unget_ch</a> (char *c, <a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *<a class="el" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Stores character to the <code>buffer-&gt;buffr_char</code> <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f">get_number_of_digits</a> (int n)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Calculates the number of digits in a number. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a> (char s)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Prints one character on screen. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e">reverse_str</a> (char *p)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Reverses a string using <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/program-reverse-array-using-pointers/?ref=rp" target="_blank">two pointer algorithm</a> <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value</a> (int n, int width, int precision)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5">print_double_value</a> (double dval, int width, int precision)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">The algorithm here is also the same as the <code>print_int_value</code> function. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6">print_string</a> (char *p, int width, int precision)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">char *&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03">get_width_and_precision</a> (char *p, <a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *<a class="el" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>, int *width, int *precision)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Takes width and precision specified from the format of the string. <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9">min_printf</a> (char *fmt,...)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">min_printf is the function same as printf <a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>
<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p >Implementation of a <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/variable-length-argument-c" target="_blank">function</a> similar to <code>printf</code> </p>
<p ><code>printf</code> statement rewritten (as <code>min_printf</code>) in C without using the <code>stdio.h</code> library Syntax of <code>min_printf</code> is same as <code>printf</code> Currently min_printf handles: Integers, Doubles, floats, characters and strings The format specifiers and escape sequence is the same as for <code>printf</code> User can also specify the width and precision if required, just like in the case of <code>printf</code> How to use it:</p><ul>
<li>First include <a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html" title="Implementation of a function similar to printf">min_printf.h</a> in your code</li>
<li>Then type <code><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9" title="min_printf is the function same as printf">min_printf()</a></code>, and pass required parameters to it</li>
<li>As already specified, it's syntax is same as printf <dl class="section author"><dt>Author</dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/Jaskarn7" target="_blank">Jaskarn Singh</a> </dd></dl>
</li>
</ul>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
<a id="a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1" name="a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>get_ch()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">char get_ch </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>p</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>buffer</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Returns specific required next character. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">p</td><td>pointer to a format string of <code><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9" title="min_printf is the function same as printf">min_printf()</a></code> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">buffer</td><td>struct for checking if buffr_char character is present or not </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>character inside <code>buffer-&gt;buffr_char</code>, if <code>buffer-&gt;buf_size</code> is one </dd>
<dd>
character at which p is pointing, if <code>buffer-&gt;buf_size</code> is zero </dd></dl>
<p >&lt; Since character is used, this sets <code>buffer-&gt;buf_size</code> to zero</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00071" name="l00071"></a><span class="lineno"> 71</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00072" name="l00072"></a><span class="lineno"> 72</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (<a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buf_size) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00073" name="l00073"></a><span class="lineno"> 73</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buf_size = 0; <span class="comment">///&lt; Since character is used, this sets `buffer-&gt;buf_size` to zero</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00074" name="l00074"></a><span class="lineno"> 74</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buffr_char; <span class="comment">// Returns character inside buffer-&gt;buffr_char</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00075" name="l00075"></a><span class="lineno"> 75</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00076" name="l00076"></a><span class="lineno"> 76</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> *p++;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00077" name="l00077"></a><span class="lineno"> 77</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructbuffer_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a></div><div class="ttdoc">struct used to store character in certain times</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:31</div></div>
</div><!-- fragment -->
</div>
</div>
<a id="aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f" name="aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>get_number_of_digits()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int get_number_of_digits </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>n</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<p>Calculates the number of digits in a number. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">n</td><td>number whose digits are to be counted </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>number of digits in n </dd></dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00097" name="l00097"></a><span class="lineno"> 97</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00098" name="l00098"></a><span class="lineno"> 98</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> digits = 0; <span class="comment">// Stores encountered number of digits</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00099" name="l00099"></a><span class="lineno"> 99</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (n &gt; 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00100" name="l00100"></a><span class="lineno"> 100</span> ++digits; <span class="comment">// Since number still contains a digit, so increment digit variable</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00101" name="l00101"></a><span class="lineno"> 101</span> n /= 10; <span class="comment">// Removes last digit from number</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00102" name="l00102"></a><span class="lineno"> 102</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00103" name="l00103"></a><span class="lineno"> 103</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> digits;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00104" name="l00104"></a><span class="lineno"> 104</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>get_width_and_precision()</h2>
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<td class="memname">char * get_width_and_precision </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>p</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>width</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>precision</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
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<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
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<p>Takes width and precision specified from the format of the string. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">p</td><td>pointer of the format string </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">width</td><td>variable in which width will be stored </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">precision</td><td>variable in which precision will be stored </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>character pointer to the current pointer of string p (used to update value of p) </dd></dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00272" name="l00272"></a><span class="lineno"> 272</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00273" name="l00273"></a><span class="lineno"> 273</span> <span class="comment">/* Skip % if p is pointing to it.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00274" name="l00274"></a><span class="lineno"> 274</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (*p == <span class="charliteral">&#39;%&#39;</span>)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00275" name="l00275"></a><span class="lineno"> 275</span> ++p;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00276" name="l00276"></a><span class="lineno"> 276</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00277" name="l00277"></a><span class="lineno"> 277</span> <span class="comment">/* Calculates the width specified. */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00278" name="l00278"></a><span class="lineno"> 278</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (*p != <span class="charliteral">&#39;.&#39;</span> &amp;&amp; <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">is_number</a>(p)) </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00279" name="l00279"></a><span class="lineno"> 279</span> *width = *width * 10 + (*p++ - <span class="charliteral">&#39;0&#39;</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00280" name="l00280"></a><span class="lineno"> 280</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00281" name="l00281"></a><span class="lineno"> 281</span> <span class="comment">/* Calculates the precision specified.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00282" name="l00282"></a><span class="lineno"> 282</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (*p == <span class="charliteral">&#39;.&#39;</span> <span class="comment">/* Since a precision is always specified after a &#39;.&#39;. */</span>) { </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00283" name="l00283"></a><span class="lineno"> 283</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (<a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">is_number</a>(++p))</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00284" name="l00284"></a><span class="lineno"> 284</span> *precision = *precision * 10 + (*p - <span class="charliteral">&#39;0&#39;</span>); </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00285" name="l00285"></a><span class="lineno"> 285</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055">unget_ch</a>(p, <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>); <span class="comment">// The non number will be stored in `buffer-&gt;buffr`</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00286" name="l00286"></a><span class="lineno"> 286</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00287" name="l00287"></a><span class="lineno"> 287</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> p;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00288" name="l00288"></a><span class="lineno"> 288</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055">unget_ch</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void unget_ch(char *c, Buffer *buffer)</div><div class="ttdoc">Stores character to the buffer-&gt;buffr_char</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:84</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">is_number</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int is_number(char *c)</div><div class="ttdoc">Checks if a character is a number.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:58</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ad4908ab912d8dc481225e33ca3285c21">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>is_number()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int is_number </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>c</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Checks if a character is a number. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">c</td><td>character to be checked if it's a number or not </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd><code>true</code>(1) if the character is a number </dd>
<dd>
<code>false</code>(0) if the character is NOT a number </dd></dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00059" name="l00059"></a><span class="lineno"> 59</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00060" name="l00060"></a><span class="lineno"> 60</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> (*c &gt;= <span class="charliteral">&#39;0&#39;</span> &amp;&amp; *c &lt;= <span class="charliteral">&#39;9&#39;</span>) ? 1 : 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00061" name="l00061"></a><span class="lineno"> 61</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a33e08c05f8c656a0fee465c2e8d2ecf9">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>min_printf()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void min_printf </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>fmt</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>...</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>min_printf is the function same as printf </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">fmt</td><td>format of string </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">...</td><td>arguments passed according to the format </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00296" name="l00296"></a><span class="lineno"> 296</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00297" name="l00297"></a><span class="lineno"> 297</span> va_list ap; <span class="comment">// Points to each unnamed arg in turn</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00298" name="l00298"></a><span class="lineno"> 298</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *p, *sval; <span class="comment">// p will be used to point to fmt and sval will store string value</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00299" name="l00299"></a><span class="lineno"> 299</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> cval; <span class="comment">// Stores character value</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00300" name="l00300"></a><span class="lineno"> 300</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> ival; <span class="comment">// For integer values</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00301" name="l00301"></a><span class="lineno"> 301</span> <span class="keywordtype">double</span> dval; <span class="comment">// For double or float values</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00302" name="l00302"></a><span class="lineno"> 302</span> va_start(ap, fmt); <span class="comment">// Makes ap points to first unnames argument</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00303" name="l00303"></a><span class="lineno"> 303</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00304" name="l00304"></a><span class="lineno"> 304</span> <span class="comment">/* Initializing the buffer for storing character. */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00305" name="l00305"></a><span class="lineno"> 305</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">Buffer</a> *<a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a> = (<a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">Buffer</a> *) <a class="code hl_define" href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a725f50ecaf1959d96de79b36b4788fee">malloc</a>(<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(<a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">Buffer</a>));</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00306" name="l00306"></a><span class="lineno"> 306</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buf_size = 0; <span class="comment">// Initially set buffer size to zero as no character is inserted</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00307" name="l00307"></a><span class="lineno"> 307</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00308" name="l00308"></a><span class="lineno"> 308</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (p = fmt; *p != <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>; ++p) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00309" name="l00309"></a><span class="lineno"> 309</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00310" name="l00310"></a><span class="lineno"> 310</span> <span class="comment">/* If p != &#39;%&#39; then the character is printed to screen. */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00311" name="l00311"></a><span class="lineno"> 311</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (*p != <span class="charliteral">&#39;%&#39;</span>) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00312" name="l00312"></a><span class="lineno"> 312</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(*p);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00313" name="l00313"></a><span class="lineno"> 313</span> <span class="keywordflow">continue</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00314" name="l00314"></a><span class="lineno"> 314</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00315" name="l00315"></a><span class="lineno"> 315</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00316" name="l00316"></a><span class="lineno"> 316</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> width = 0; <span class="comment">// Stores width specified</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00317" name="l00317"></a><span class="lineno"> 317</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> precision = 0; <span class="comment">// Stores precision specified</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00318" name="l00318"></a><span class="lineno"> 318</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00319" name="l00319"></a><span class="lineno"> 319</span> <span class="comment">/* Updates values of width, precision and p. */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00320" name="l00320"></a><span class="lineno"> 320</span> p = <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03">get_width_and_precision</a>(p, <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>, &amp;width, &amp;precision); </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00321" name="l00321"></a><span class="lineno"> 321</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00322" name="l00322"></a><span class="lineno"> 322</span> <span class="comment">/* Checks format of next argument.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00323" name="l00323"></a><span class="lineno"> 323</span> <span class="keywordflow">switch</span> (<a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1">get_ch</a>(p, <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>)) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00324" name="l00324"></a><span class="lineno"> 324</span> <span class="keywordflow">case</span> <span class="charliteral">&#39;d&#39;</span>: <span class="comment">// Integer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00325" name="l00325"></a><span class="lineno"> 325</span> ival = va_arg(ap, <span class="keywordtype">int</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00326" name="l00326"></a><span class="lineno"> 326</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value</a>(ival, width, precision);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00327" name="l00327"></a><span class="lineno"> 327</span> <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00328" name="l00328"></a><span class="lineno"> 328</span> <span class="keywordflow">case</span> <span class="charliteral">&#39;c&#39;</span>: <span class="comment">// Character</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00329" name="l00329"></a><span class="lineno"> 329</span> cval = va_arg(ap, <span class="keywordtype">int</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00330" name="l00330"></a><span class="lineno"> 330</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(cval);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00331" name="l00331"></a><span class="lineno"> 331</span> <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00332" name="l00332"></a><span class="lineno"> 332</span> <span class="keywordflow">case</span> <span class="charliteral">&#39;f&#39;</span>: <span class="comment">// Float or Double</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00333" name="l00333"></a><span class="lineno"> 333</span> dval = va_arg(ap, <span class="keywordtype">double</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00334" name="l00334"></a><span class="lineno"> 334</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00335" name="l00335"></a><span class="lineno"> 335</span> <span class="comment">// If precision is not specified then default value is applied</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00336" name="l00336"></a><span class="lineno"> 336</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (precision == 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00337" name="l00337"></a><span class="lineno"> 337</span> precision = PRECISION_FOR_FLOAT;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00338" name="l00338"></a><span class="lineno"> 338</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5">print_double_value</a>(dval, width, precision);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00339" name="l00339"></a><span class="lineno"> 339</span> <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00340" name="l00340"></a><span class="lineno"> 340</span> <span class="keywordflow">case</span> <span class="charliteral">&#39;s&#39;</span>: <span class="comment">// String pointer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00341" name="l00341"></a><span class="lineno"> 341</span> sval = va_arg(ap, <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00342" name="l00342"></a><span class="lineno"> 342</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6">print_string</a>(sval, width, precision);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00343" name="l00343"></a><span class="lineno"> 343</span> <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00344" name="l00344"></a><span class="lineno"> 344</span> <span class="keywordflow">default</span>:</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00345" name="l00345"></a><span class="lineno"> 345</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(*p);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00346" name="l00346"></a><span class="lineno"> 346</span> <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00347" name="l00347"></a><span class="lineno"> 347</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00348" name="l00348"></a><span class="lineno"> 348</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00349" name="l00349"></a><span class="lineno"> 349</span> va_end(ap);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00350" name="l00350"></a><span class="lineno"> 350</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="amalloc__dbg_8h_html_a725f50ecaf1959d96de79b36b4788fee"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a725f50ecaf1959d96de79b36b4788fee">malloc</a></div><div class="ttdeci">#define malloc(bytes)</div><div class="ttdoc">This macro replace the standard malloc function with malloc_dbg.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> malloc_dbg.h:18</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void print_int_value(int n, int width, int precision)</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:154</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a409d428c337bf5476567a228274f49f1">get_ch</a></div><div class="ttdeci">char get_ch(char *p, Buffer *buffer)</div><div class="ttdoc">Returns specific required next character.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:70</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5">print_double_value</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void print_double_value(double dval, int width, int precision)</div><div class="ttdoc">The algorithm here is also the same as the print_int_value function.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:206</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aa61e2407aab2c75e9837c77cab937d03">get_width_and_precision</a></div><div class="ttdeci">char * get_width_and_precision(char *p, Buffer *buffer, int *width, int *precision)</div><div class="ttdoc">Takes width and precision specified from the format of the string.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:271</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void put_char(char s)</div><div class="ttdoc">Prints one character on screen.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:110</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6">print_string</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void print_string(char *p, int width, int precision)</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:234</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>power_of_ten()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int power_of_ten </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>a</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
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<p >This function return ten to the power a(The parameter specified to it) like: if the parameter specified is 4 i.e. -&gt; power_of_ten(4) is called then this function will return ten to the power four (10000); </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>The power of ten which is to be returned </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>Ten to the power a </dd></dl>
<p >&lt; This number will be returned as ten to power of a</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00045" name="l00045"></a><span class="lineno"> 45</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00046" name="l00046"></a><span class="lineno"> 46</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> n = 1; <span class="comment">///&lt; This number will be returned as ten to power of a</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00047" name="l00047"></a><span class="lineno"> 47</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 1; i &lt;= a; ++i)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00048" name="l00048"></a><span class="lineno"> 48</span> n *= 10 ;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00049" name="l00049"></a><span class="lineno"> 49</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> n;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00050" name="l00050"></a><span class="lineno"> 50</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a4d63203d920bebd6a96f5f4aeccb21e5">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>print_double_value()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void print_double_value </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">double&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>dval</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>width</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>precision</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>The algorithm here is also the same as the <code>print_int_value</code> function. </p>
<p >First, the digits before decimal is printed by converting the double to int. Then after printed a <code>.</code>, the double number is subtracted with the integer value of the number, leaving us with 0 before the decimal. Then, we multiply the number with 10 raised to the power precision ( precision means how many digits to be printed after the decimal.) By default, the precision is 8 if it is not specified. Then, the remaining number is printed on the screen. </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">dval</td><td>double number to be printed </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">width</td><td>similar to width parameter of <a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value()</a> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">precision</td><td>tells the number of digits to be printed after the decimal (By default it is 8) </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00207" name="l00207"></a><span class="lineno"> 207</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00208" name="l00208"></a><span class="lineno"> 208</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> ndigits = <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f">get_number_of_digits</a>((<span class="keywordtype">int</span>) dval); <span class="comment">// Store number of digits before decimal in dval</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00209" name="l00209"></a><span class="lineno"> 209</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> reqd_blanks = width - (precision + 1) - ndigits; <span class="comment">// Blanks to be printed before printing dval, just to cover the width</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00210" name="l00210"></a><span class="lineno"> 210</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00211" name="l00211"></a><span class="lineno"> 211</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value</a>((<span class="keywordtype">int</span>) dval, reqd_blanks, 0); <span class="comment">// Prints the part before decimal</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00212" name="l00212"></a><span class="lineno"> 212</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00213" name="l00213"></a><span class="lineno"> 213</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(<span class="charliteral">&#39;.&#39;</span>); <span class="comment">// Print decimal</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00214" name="l00214"></a><span class="lineno"> 214</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00215" name="l00215"></a><span class="lineno"> 215</span> <span class="comment">/*Deletes digits before decimal and makes them zero. For example:</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00216" name="l00216"></a><span class="lineno"> 216</span><span class="comment"> if dval = 1923.79022, them this will make dval = 0.79022</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00217" name="l00217"></a><span class="lineno"> 217</span><span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00218" name="l00218"></a><span class="lineno"> 218</span> dval = dval - (int) dval;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00219" name="l00219"></a><span class="lineno"> 219</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00220" name="l00220"></a><span class="lineno"> 220</span> dval *= <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b">power_of_ten</a>(precision); <span class="comment">// Brings precision number of digits after decimal to before decimal</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00221" name="l00221"></a><span class="lineno"> 221</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00222" name="l00222"></a><span class="lineno"> 222</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">print_int_value</a>((<span class="keywordtype">int</span>) dval, 0, precision); <span class="comment">// Prints the remaining number</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00223" name="l00223"></a><span class="lineno"> 223</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8421f89b76edcf21292c5100bfca586b">power_of_ten</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int power_of_ten(int a)</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:44</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#aefb40d94d5d9fa2a28bc64755dde096f">get_number_of_digits</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int get_number_of_digits(int n)</div><div class="ttdoc">Calculates the number of digits in a number.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:96</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a0a848efdf2ee124bba62e056eb9ab824">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>print_int_value()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void print_int_value </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>n</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>width</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>precision</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
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<p >The algorithm here is to first convert the number into string and then reverse it be passing it to reverse_str function and then printing on the screen </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">n</td><td>Number to be printed </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">width</td><td>Total characters to be printed (Prints ' ' if (size &lt; width) </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">precision</td><td>Total character of number to be printed (prints 0 before number if size of number &lt; precision) </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<p >&lt; Used to store number of digits in number</p>
<p >The next two conditions check weather it is required to add blanks before printing the number (ie: width)and is it specified how many zeros to be printed before the number is printed (ie: precision)</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00155" name="l00155"></a><span class="lineno"> 155</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00156" name="l00156"></a><span class="lineno"> 156</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *p = (<span class="keywordtype">char</span> *) <a class="code hl_define" href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a725f50ecaf1959d96de79b36b4788fee">malloc</a>(<a class="code hl_define" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ab47a4bec9213d96e1dba5171e5db0e25">INT_MAX_LENGTH</a> * <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="keywordtype">char</span>) + 1); <span class="comment">/* +1 for &#39;\0&#39; */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00157" name="l00157"></a><span class="lineno"> 157</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *s = p; <span class="comment">// Temporary pointer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00158" name="l00158"></a><span class="lineno"> 158</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> size = 0; <span class="comment">//!&lt; Used to store number of digits in number</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00159" name="l00159"></a><span class="lineno"> 159</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00160" name="l00160"></a><span class="lineno"> 160</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (n &gt; 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00161" name="l00161"></a><span class="lineno"> 161</span> *s++ = n % 10 + <span class="charliteral">&#39;0&#39;</span>; <span class="comment">// Converts last digit of number to character and store it in p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00162" name="l00162"></a><span class="lineno"> 162</span> ++size; <span class="comment">// Increment size variable as one more digit is occured</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00163" name="l00163"></a><span class="lineno"> 163</span> n /= 10; <span class="comment">// Removes the last digit from the number n as we have successfully stored it in p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00164" name="l00164"></a><span class="lineno"> 164</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00165" name="l00165"></a><span class="lineno"> 165</span> *s = <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00166" name="l00166"></a><span class="lineno"> 166</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00167" name="l00167"></a><span class="lineno"> 167</span> s = p; <span class="comment">// Again point back s to starting of p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00168" name="l00168"></a><span class="lineno"> 168</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00169" name="l00169"></a><span class="lineno"> 169</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e">reverse_str</a>(p);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00170" name="l00170"></a><span class="lineno"> 170</span><span class="comment"></span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00171" name="l00171"></a><span class="lineno"> 171</span><span class="comment"> /*!</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00172" name="l00172"></a><span class="lineno"> 172</span><span class="comment"> * The next two conditions check weather it is required to </span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00173" name="l00173"></a><span class="lineno"> 173</span><span class="comment"> * add blanks before printing the number (ie: width)and is it specified how many</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00174" name="l00174"></a><span class="lineno"> 174</span><span class="comment"> * zeros to be printed before the number is printed (ie: precision)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00175" name="l00175"></a><span class="lineno"> 175</span><span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00176" name="l00176"></a><span class="lineno"> 176</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (width &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; size &lt; width)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00177" name="l00177"></a><span class="lineno"> 177</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; (width - precision); ++i) </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00178" name="l00178"></a><span class="lineno"> 178</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(<span class="charliteral">&#39; &#39;</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00179" name="l00179"></a><span class="lineno"> 179</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00180" name="l00180"></a><span class="lineno"> 180</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (precision &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; precision &gt; size)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00181" name="l00181"></a><span class="lineno"> 181</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; (precision - size); ++i)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00182" name="l00182"></a><span class="lineno"> 182</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(<span class="charliteral">&#39;0&#39;</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00183" name="l00183"></a><span class="lineno"> 183</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00184" name="l00184"></a><span class="lineno"> 184</span> <span class="comment">/* Prints the number.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00185" name="l00185"></a><span class="lineno"> 185</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (*s != <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00186" name="l00186"></a><span class="lineno"> 186</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(*s++);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00187" name="l00187"></a><span class="lineno"> 187</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00188" name="l00188"></a><span class="lineno"> 188</span> <a class="code hl_define" href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a9cc854374299a1dd933bf62029761768">free</a>(p);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00189" name="l00189"></a><span class="lineno"> 189</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="amalloc__dbg_8h_html_a9cc854374299a1dd933bf62029761768"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a9cc854374299a1dd933bf62029761768">free</a></div><div class="ttdeci">#define free(ptr)</div><div class="ttdoc">This macro replace the standard free function with free_dbg.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> malloc_dbg.h:26</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e">reverse_str</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void reverse_str(char *p)</div><div class="ttdoc">Reverses a string using two pointer algorithm</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:124</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="amin__printf_8h_html_ab47a4bec9213d96e1dba5171e5db0e25"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ab47a4bec9213d96e1dba5171e5db0e25">INT_MAX_LENGTH</a></div><div class="ttdeci">#define INT_MAX_LENGTH</div><div class="ttdoc">for malloc and free functions for write function for va_start and va_arg functions</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> min_printf.h:25</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#af569209570eca8bc6770fb7d9dc873e6">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>print_string()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void print_string </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>p</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>width</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>precision</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p >First size of the string is calculated to check whether width and precision are to be taken into account or not. Then, the string is printed in accordingly. </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">p</td><td>pointer to string to be printed </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">width</td><td>if (width &gt; sizeof string) then, blanks will be printed before sting to cover up the width </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">precision</td><td>total characters of the string to be printed (prints the whole string if 0 or greater than size of string) </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00235" name="l00235"></a><span class="lineno"> 235</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00236" name="l00236"></a><span class="lineno"> 236</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> size = 0; <span class="comment">// Stores number of character in string</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00237" name="l00237"></a><span class="lineno"> 237</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *s = p; <span class="comment">// Temporary pointer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00238" name="l00238"></a><span class="lineno"> 238</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00239" name="l00239"></a><span class="lineno"> 239</span> <span class="comment">/* Calculates size of string p*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00240" name="l00240"></a><span class="lineno"> 240</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (*s != <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>) { </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00241" name="l00241"></a><span class="lineno"> 241</span> ++size;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00242" name="l00242"></a><span class="lineno"> 242</span> ++s;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00243" name="l00243"></a><span class="lineno"> 243</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00244" name="l00244"></a><span class="lineno"> 244</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00245" name="l00245"></a><span class="lineno"> 245</span> s = p; <span class="comment">// Point s to starting of p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00246" name="l00246"></a><span class="lineno"> 246</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00247" name="l00247"></a><span class="lineno"> 247</span> <span class="comment">/* Checks how many characters to be printed.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00248" name="l00248"></a><span class="lineno"> 248</span><span class="comment"> if precision is defined then size variable is changed to precision so that only precision</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00249" name="l00249"></a><span class="lineno"> 249</span><span class="comment"> number of characters were printed.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00250" name="l00250"></a><span class="lineno"> 250</span><span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00251" name="l00251"></a><span class="lineno"> 251</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (precision != 0 &amp;&amp; precision &lt; size)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00252" name="l00252"></a><span class="lineno"> 252</span> size = precision;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00253" name="l00253"></a><span class="lineno"> 253</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00254" name="l00254"></a><span class="lineno"> 254</span> <span class="comment">/* Prints blanks to cover the width if required*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00255" name="l00255"></a><span class="lineno"> 255</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; (width - size); ++i)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00256" name="l00256"></a><span class="lineno"> 256</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(<span class="charliteral">&#39; &#39;</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00257" name="l00257"></a><span class="lineno"> 257</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00258" name="l00258"></a><span class="lineno"> 258</span> <span class="comment">/* Print the string.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00259" name="l00259"></a><span class="lineno"> 259</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; size; ++i)</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00260" name="l00260"></a><span class="lineno"> 260</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">put_char</a>(*s++);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00261" name="l00261"></a><span class="lineno"> 261</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00262" name="l00262"></a><span class="lineno"> 262</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ad2f9a02e1d69f58e2fb1248f49d09f4b">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>put_char()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void put_char </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>s</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Prints one character on screen. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">s</td><td>character to be printed on the screen </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00111" name="l00111"></a><span class="lineno"> 111</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00112" name="l00112"></a><span class="lineno"> 112</span> <span class="comment">/* buf used for storing character to be printed in an array (+1 for &#39;\0&#39;)*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00113" name="l00113"></a><span class="lineno"> 113</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *buf = (<span class="keywordtype">char</span> *) <a class="code hl_define" href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a725f50ecaf1959d96de79b36b4788fee">malloc</a>(<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="keywordtype">char</span>) + 1); </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00114" name="l00114"></a><span class="lineno"> 114</span> *buf = s;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00115" name="l00115"></a><span class="lineno"> 115</span> *(buf + 1) = <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00116" name="l00116"></a><span class="lineno"> 116</span> write(1, buf, 1);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00117" name="l00117"></a><span class="lineno"> 117</span> <a class="code hl_define" href="../../d2/ddd/malloc__dbg_8h.html#a9cc854374299a1dd933bf62029761768">free</a>(buf);</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00118" name="l00118"></a><span class="lineno"> 118</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a8d68ec60643cacdb402176549565754e">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>reverse_str()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void reverse_str </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>p</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Reverses a string using <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/program-reverse-array-using-pointers/?ref=rp" target="_blank">two pointer algorithm</a> </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">p</td><td>pointer to the string which is to be reversed </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00125" name="l00125"></a><span class="lineno"> 125</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00126" name="l00126"></a><span class="lineno"> 126</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *l = p; <span class="comment">// Points to first character of p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00127" name="l00127"></a><span class="lineno"> 127</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *h = p; <span class="comment">// Will be used to point to last character of p</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00128" name="l00128"></a><span class="lineno"> 128</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> temp; <span class="comment">// Temporarily stores a character, Used in swapping</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00129" name="l00129"></a><span class="lineno"> 129</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00130" name="l00130"></a><span class="lineno"> 130</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (*h != <span class="charliteral">&#39;\0&#39;</span>) </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00131" name="l00131"></a><span class="lineno"> 131</span> ++h;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00132" name="l00132"></a><span class="lineno"> 132</span> --h; <span class="comment">// Now h point to last valid character of string </span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00133" name="l00133"></a><span class="lineno"> 133</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00134" name="l00134"></a><span class="lineno"> 134</span> <span class="comment">/* Swap character which lower and higher are pointing until lower &lt; higher. At that point string will be reversed.*/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00135" name="l00135"></a><span class="lineno"> 135</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (l &lt; h) {</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00136" name="l00136"></a><span class="lineno"> 136</span> temp = *l;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00137" name="l00137"></a><span class="lineno"> 137</span> *l = *h;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00138" name="l00138"></a><span class="lineno"> 138</span> *h = temp;</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00139" name="l00139"></a><span class="lineno"> 139</span> ++l; <span class="comment">// Increment lower to next character</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00140" name="l00140"></a><span class="lineno"> 140</span> --h; <span class="comment">// Decrement higher to previous character from current character</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00141" name="l00141"></a><span class="lineno"> 141</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00142" name="l00142"></a><span class="lineno"> 142</span>}</div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa8a17b7d234a2fb2174da02074a14055">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>unget_ch()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void unget_ch </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>c</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="../../d9/deb/min__printf_8h.html#abf0876f583782407c9e15c60158eec52">Buffer</a> *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>buffer</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Stores character to the <code>buffer-&gt;buffr_char</code> </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">c</td><td>character to be stored in the <code>buffer-&gt;buffr_char</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">buffer</td><td>struct where character will be stored </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a id="l00085" name="l00085"></a><span class="lineno"> 85</span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00086" name="l00086"></a><span class="lineno"> 86</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buffr_char = *c; <span class="comment">// Character initializes inside buffer-&gt;buffr_char</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00087" name="l00087"></a><span class="lineno"> 87</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../dd/da2/structbuffer.html">buffer</a>-&gt;buf_size = 1; <span class="comment">// Sets bufsize to one as new character is stored in buffr_char</span></div>
<div class="line"><a id="l00088" name="l00088"></a><span class="lineno"> 88</span>}</div>
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