feat: Exponential Search (#818)

* feat(ExponentialSearch): added C implementation of Exponential Search

* fix: typo

* refactor(ExponentialSearch): removed unused imports

* fix(Exponential Search): review fixes

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* refactor(ExponentialSearch): refactoring types

* fix(ExponentialSearch): fixes and added brief

* refactor(ExponentialSearch): added briefs

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
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Alessio Farinelli 2021-03-25 19:28:07 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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## Searching
* [Binary Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/searching/binary_search.c)
* [Exponential Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/searching/exponential_search.c)
* [Fibonacci Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/searching/fibonacci_search.c)
* [Interpolation Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/searching/interpolation_search.c)
* [Jump Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/searching/jump_search.c)

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/**
* \file
* \brief [Exponential Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Algorithms-Explanation/blob/master/en/Search%20Algorithms/Exponential%20Search.md)
* \author [Alessio Farinelli](https://github.com/faridevnz)
*/
#include <assert.h> /// for assert
#include <inttypes.h> /// for int64_t, uint16_t
#define ELEMENT -10
int64_t binary_search(const int64_t* arr, const uint16_t l_index, const uint16_t r_index, const int64_t n); ///< used to perform the binary search over the given array
int64_t exponential_search(const int64_t* arr, const uint16_t length, const int64_t n); ///< used to perform the exponential search over the given array
static void test(); ///< used to run the self-test implementations
/**
* Function: exponential_search
* \brief algorithm that search the index of the given item
* \details recursive function that take an array and quickly find the range
* where to apply the binary search algorithm to find the given element
* ----------------------------
* \param arr array where search the element
* \param length the total length of the given array (arr)
* \param n element to find in the array (arr)
*
* \returns the index of the element (n) in the array (arr)
* \returns -1 if the element wasn't found
*/
int64_t exponential_search(const int64_t* arr, const uint16_t length, const int64_t n)
{
if ( length == 0 ) { return -1; }
// find the upperbound
uint32_t upper_bound = 1;
while ( upper_bound <= length && arr[upper_bound] < n ) { upper_bound = upper_bound * 2; }
// calculate the range ( between lower_boud and upper_bound )
uint16_t lower_bound = upper_bound/2;
if ( upper_bound > length ) { upper_bound = length; }
// apply the binary search in the range
return binary_search(arr, lower_bound, upper_bound, n);
}
/**
* Function: binary_search
* \brief algorithm that search the index of the given item
* \details recursive function that search the given element in
* the array using the [Binary Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Algorithms-Explanation/blob/master/en/Search%20Algorithms/Binary%20Search.md)
* ----------------------------
* \param arr array where search the element
* \param l_index start index of the array (arr) to apply the algorithm
* \param r_index end index of the array (arr) to apply the algorithm
* \param n element to find in the array (arr)
*
* \returns the index of the element (n) in the array (arr)
* \returns -1 if the n element wasn't found
*/
int64_t binary_search(const int64_t* arr, const uint16_t l_index, const uint16_t r_index, const int64_t n)
{
// calculate the middle index of the array
uint16_t middle_index = l_index + ( r_index - l_index ) / 2;
// base cases
if ( l_index > r_index ) { return -1; }
if ( arr[middle_index] == n ) { return middle_index; }
// recursion
if ( arr[middle_index] > n ) { return binary_search(arr, l_index, middle_index-1, n); } // left
return binary_search(arr, middle_index+1, r_index, n); // right
}
/**
* @brief Main function
* @returns 0 on exit
*/
int main()
{
test(); // run self-test implementations
return 0;
}
/**
* @brief Self-test implementations
* @returns void
*/
static void test()
{
// empty array
int64_t arr_empty[] = {};
assert(exponential_search(arr_empty, 0, 10) == -1);
// elent not found
int64_t arr_found[] = {1, 2, 3};
assert(exponential_search(arr_found, 3, 10) == -1);
// element found in an array of length 1
int64_t arr_one[] = {1};
assert(exponential_search(arr_found, 1, 1) == 0);
// find the first element in an array of length 2
int64_t arr_first_2[] = {1, 2};
assert(exponential_search(arr_first_2, 2, 1) == 0);
// find the last element in an array of length 2
int64_t arr_last_2[] = {1, 2};
assert(exponential_search(arr_last_2, 2, 2) == 1);
// find the first element in an array of length n
int64_t arr_first_n[] = {-1, 2, 4, 6, 8};
assert(exponential_search(arr_first_n, 5, -1) == 0);
// find the last element in an array of length n
int64_t arr_last_n[] = {-1, 2, 4, 6, 8};
assert(exponential_search(arr_last_n, 5, 8) == 4);
// find an element in an array of length n
int64_t arr_middle[] = {-1, 2, 4, 6, 8};
assert(exponential_search(arr_middle, 5, 6) == 3);
}