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github-actions 2020-05-29 20:23:24 +00:00
parent b388e4a309
commit 0779a2b70d
260 changed files with 7566 additions and 6554 deletions
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68
client_server/UDP_Client.c
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@ -1,49 +1,49 @@
// Client side implementation of UDP client-server model // Client side implementation of UDP client-server model
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> #include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8080 #define PORT 8080
#define MAXLINE 1024 #define MAXLINE 1024
// Driver code // Driver code
int main() { int main()
int sockfd; {
char buffer[MAXLINE]; int sockfd;
char *hello = "Hello from client"; char buffer[MAXLINE];
struct sockaddr_in servaddr; char *hello = "Hello from client";
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
// Creating socket file descriptor // Creating socket file descriptor
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 ) { if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
perror("socket creation failed"); {
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); perror("socket creation failed");
} exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr)); memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
// Filling server information // Filling server information
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT); servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
int n, len; int n, len;
sendto(sockfd, (const char *)hello, strlen(hello), sendto(sockfd, (const char *)hello, strlen(hello), MSG_CONFIRM,
MSG_CONFIRM, (const struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, (const struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
sizeof(servaddr)); printf("Hello message sent.\n");
printf("Hello message sent.\n");
n = recvfrom(sockfd, (char *)buffer, MAXLINE, n = recvfrom(sockfd, (char *)buffer, MAXLINE, MSG_WAITALL,
MSG_WAITALL, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, &len);
&len); buffer[n] = '\0';
buffer[n] = '\0'; printf("Server : %s\n", buffer);
printf("Server : %s\n", buffer);
close(sockfd); close(sockfd);
return 0; return 0;
} }

81
client_server/UDP_Server.c
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@ -1,55 +1,54 @@
// Server side implementation of UDP client-server model // Server side implementation of UDP client-server model
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> #include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8080 #define PORT 8080
#define MAXLINE 1024 #define MAXLINE 1024
// Driver code // Driver code
int main() { int main()
int sockfd; {
char buffer[MAXLINE]; int sockfd;
char *hello = "Hello from server"; char buffer[MAXLINE];
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr; char *hello = "Hello from server";
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
// Creating socket file descriptor // Creating socket file descriptor
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 ) { if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
perror("socket creation failed"); {
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); perror("socket creation failed");
} exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr)); memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
memset(&cliaddr, 0, sizeof(cliaddr)); memset(&cliaddr, 0, sizeof(cliaddr));
// Filling server information // Filling server information
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT); servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Bind the socket with the server address // Bind the socket with the server address
if ( bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, if (bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
sizeof(servaddr)) < 0 ) {
{ perror("bind failed");
perror("bind failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
}
int len, n; int len, n;
n = recvfrom(sockfd, (char *)buffer, MAXLINE, n = recvfrom(sockfd, (char *)buffer, MAXLINE, MSG_WAITALL,
MSG_WAITALL, ( struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);
&len); buffer[n] = '\0';
buffer[n] = '\0'; printf("Client : %s\n", buffer);
printf("Client : %s\n", buffer); sendto(sockfd, (const char *)hello, strlen(hello), MSG_CONFIRM,
sendto(sockfd, (const char *)hello, strlen(hello), (const struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len);
MSG_CONFIRM, (const struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, printf("Hello message sent.\n");
len);
printf("Hello message sent.\n");
return 0; return 0;
} }

4
client_server/client.c
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
// Write CPP code here // Write CPP code here
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h> #include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> #include <unistd.h>
#define MAX 80 #define MAX 80
#define PORT 8080 #define PORT 8080
#define SA struct sockaddr #define SA struct sockaddr

24
client_server/server.c
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
#include <netdb.h> #include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAX 80 #define MAX 80
#define PORT 8080 #define PORT 8080
#define SA struct sockaddr #define SA struct sockaddr
@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ void func(int sockfd)
char buff[MAX]; char buff[MAX];
int n; int n;
// infinite loop for chat // infinite loop for chat
for (;;) { for (;;)
{
bzero(buff, MAX); bzero(buff, MAX);
// read the message from client and copy it in buffer // read the message from client and copy it in buffer
@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ void func(int sockfd)
write(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff)); write(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff));
// if msg contains "Exit" then server exit and chat ended. // if msg contains "Exit" then server exit and chat ended.
if (strncmp("exit", buff, 4) == 0) { if (strncmp("exit", buff, 4) == 0)
{
printf("Server Exit...\n"); printf("Server Exit...\n");
break; break;
} }
@ -48,7 +50,8 @@ int main()
// socket create and verification // socket create and verification
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd == -1) { if (sockfd == -1)
{
printf("socket creation failed...\n"); printf("socket creation failed...\n");
exit(0); exit(0);
} }
@ -62,7 +65,8 @@ int main()
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT); servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// Binding newly created socket to given IP and verification // Binding newly created socket to given IP and verification
if ((bind(sockfd, (SA*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))) != 0) { if ((bind(sockfd, (SA *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))) != 0)
{
printf("socket bind failed...\n"); printf("socket bind failed...\n");
exit(0); exit(0);
} }
@ -70,7 +74,8 @@ int main()
printf("Socket successfully binded..\n"); printf("Socket successfully binded..\n");
// Now server is ready to listen and verification // Now server is ready to listen and verification
if ((listen(sockfd, 5)) != 0) { if ((listen(sockfd, 5)) != 0)
{
printf("Listen failed...\n"); printf("Listen failed...\n");
exit(0); exit(0);
} }
@ -79,8 +84,9 @@ int main()
len = sizeof(cli); len = sizeof(cli);
// Accept the data packet from client and verification // Accept the data packet from client and verification
connfd = accept(sockfd, (SA*)&cli, &len); connfd = accept(sockfd, (SA *)&cli, &len);
if (connfd < 0) { if (connfd < 0)
{
printf("server acccept failed...\n"); printf("server acccept failed...\n");
exit(0); exit(0);
} }

27
conversions/binary_to_decimal.c
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@ -5,21 +5,22 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
int main() { int main()
{
int remainder, number = 0, decimal_number = 0, temp = 1; int remainder, number = 0, decimal_number = 0, temp = 1;
printf("/n Enter any binary number= "); printf("/n Enter any binary number= ");
scanf("%d", &number); scanf("%d", &number);
// Iterate over the number until the end. // Iterate over the number until the end.
while(number > 0) { while (number > 0)
{
remainder = number % 10; remainder = number % 10;
number = number / 10; number = number / 10;
decimal_number += remainder * temp; decimal_number += remainder * temp;
temp = temp*2; //used as power of 2 temp = temp * 2; // used as power of 2
}
} printf("%d\n", decimal_number);
printf("%d\n", decimal_number);
} }

24
conversions/binary_to_octal.c
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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
// Binary number to octal number conversion // Binary number to octal number conversion
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
//Function that returns the last three digits // Function that returns the last three digits
int three_digits(int n) int three_digits(int n)
{ {
int r, d = 0, p=1; int r, d = 0, p = 1;
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{ {
r = n%10; r = n % 10;
d += r * p; d += r * p;
p *= 10; p *= 10;
n /= 10; n /= 10;
@ -18,24 +18,26 @@ int three_digits(int n)
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
int binary_num, d=0, base=1, remainder, td, res=0, ord=1; int binary_num, d = 0, base = 1, remainder, td, res = 0, ord = 1;
printf("Enter the binary no: "); printf("Enter the binary no: ");
scanf("%d", &binary_num); scanf("%d", &binary_num);
while(binary_num > 0) while (binary_num > 0)
{ {
if(binary_num > 111) //Checking if binary number is greater than three digits if (binary_num >
111) // Checking if binary number is greater than three digits
td = three_digits(binary_num); td = three_digits(binary_num);
else td = binary_num; else
td = binary_num;
binary_num /= 1000; binary_num /= 1000;
d = 0, base =1; d = 0, base = 1;
// Converting the last three digits to decimal // Converting the last three digits to decimal
while(td > 0) while (td > 0)
{ {
remainder = td % 10; remainder = td % 10;
td /= 10; td /= 10;

12
conversions/decimal_to_binary.c
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@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ int main()
// for the loops // for the loops
int j; int j;
int i=0; int i = 0;
printf("\t\tConverter decimal --> binary\n\n"); printf("\t\tConverter decimal --> binary\n\n");
// reads a decimal number from the user. // reads a decimal number from the user.
printf("\nenter a positive integer number: "); printf("\nenter a positive integer number: ");
scanf("%d",&inputNumber); scanf("%d", &inputNumber);
// make sure the input number is a positive integer. // make sure the input number is a positive integer.
if (inputNumber < 0) if (inputNumber < 0)
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ int main()
} }
// actual processing // actual processing
while(inputNumber>0) while (inputNumber > 0)
{ {
// computes the remainder by modulo 2 // computes the remainder by modulo 2
@ -44,15 +44,14 @@ int main()
bits[i] = re; bits[i] = re;
i++; i++;
} }
printf("\n the number in binary is: "); printf("\n the number in binary is: ");
// iterates backwards over all bits // iterates backwards over all bits
for(j=i-1; j>=0; j--) for (j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--)
{ {
printf("%d",bits[j]); printf("%d", bits[j]);
} }
// for the case the input number is 0 // for the case the input number is 0
@ -63,4 +62,3 @@ int main()
return 0; return 0;
} }

49
conversions/decimal_to_hexa.c
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@ -2,45 +2,50 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
void decimal2Hexadecimal(long num); void decimal2Hexadecimal(long num);
int main()
{
int main(){ long decimalnum;
long decimalnum; printf("Enter decimal number: ");
scanf("%ld", &decimalnum);
printf("Enter decimal number: "); decimal2Hexadecimal(decimalnum);
scanf("%ld", &decimalnum);
decimal2Hexadecimal(decimalnum); return 0;
return 0;
} }
/********function for convert decimal number to hexadecimal number****************/ /********function for convert decimal number to hexadecimal
void decimal2Hexadecimal(long num){ * number****************/
void decimal2Hexadecimal(long num)
{
long decimalnum=num; long decimalnum = num;
long quotient, remainder; long quotient, remainder;
int i, j = 0; int i, j = 0;
char hexadecimalnum[100]; char hexadecimalnum[100];
quotient = decimalnum; quotient = decimalnum;
while (quotient != 0){ while (quotient != 0)
{
remainder = quotient % 16; remainder = quotient % 16;
if (remainder < 10) if (remainder < 10)
hexadecimalnum[j++] = 48 + remainder; hexadecimalnum[j++] = 48 + remainder;
else else
hexadecimalnum[j++] = 55 + remainder; hexadecimalnum[j++] = 55 + remainder;
quotient = quotient / 16;} quotient = quotient / 16;
}
// print the hexadecimal number // print the hexadecimal number
for (i = j; i >= 0; i--){ for (i = j; i >= 0; i--)
printf("%c", hexadecimalnum[i]);} {
printf("%c", hexadecimalnum[i]);
}
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }

21
conversions/decimal_to_octal.c
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@ -2,34 +2,37 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
void decimal2Octal(long decimalnum); void decimal2Octal(long decimalnum);
int main(){ int main()
{
long decimalnum; long decimalnum;
printf("Enter the decimal number: "); printf("Enter the decimal number: ");
scanf("%ld", &decimalnum); scanf("%ld", &decimalnum);
decimal2Octal(decimalnum); decimal2Octal(decimalnum);
return 0; return 0;
} }
/********function for convert decimal numbers to octal numbers************/ /********function for convert decimal numbers to octal numbers************/
void decimal2Octal(long decimalnum){ void decimal2Octal(long decimalnum)
long remainder, quotient; {
long remainder, quotient;
int octalNumber[100], i = 1, j; int octalNumber[100], i = 1, j;
quotient = decimalnum; quotient = decimalnum;
while (quotient != 0){ while (quotient != 0)
octalNumber[i++] = quotient % 8; {
octalNumber[i++] = quotient % 8;
quotient = quotient / 8; quotient = quotient / 8;
} }
for (j = i - 1; j > 0; j--) for (j = i - 1; j > 0; j--)
printf("%d", octalNumber[j]); printf("%d", octalNumber[j]);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }

42
conversions/decimal_to_octal_recursion.c
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@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
//Program to convert decimal number to octal (Using Reccursion) // Program to convert decimal number to octal (Using Reccursion)
//This program only works for integer decimals // This program only works for integer decimals
//Created by Aromal Anil // Created by Aromal Anil
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
int decimal_to_octal(int decimal) int decimal_to_octal(int decimal)
{ {
if ((decimal < 8) && (decimal > 0)) if ((decimal < 8) && (decimal > 0))
{ {
return decimal; return decimal;
} }
else if (decimal == 0) else if (decimal == 0)
{ {
return 0; return 0;
} }
else else
{ {
return ((decimal_to_octal(decimal / 8) * 10) + decimal % 8); return ((decimal_to_octal(decimal / 8) * 10) + decimal % 8);
} }
} }
int main() int main()
{ {
int octalNumber, decimalNumber; int octalNumber, decimalNumber;
printf("\nEnter your decimal number : "); printf("\nEnter your decimal number : ");
scanf("%d", &decimalNumber); scanf("%d", &decimalNumber);
octalNumber = decimal_to_octal(decimalNumber); octalNumber = decimal_to_octal(decimalNumber);
printf("\nThe octal of %d is : %d", decimalNumber, octalNumber); printf("\nThe octal of %d is : %d", decimalNumber, octalNumber);
return 0; return 0;
} }

13
conversions/octal_to_decimal.c
View File

@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
// Converts octal number to decimal // Converts octal number to decimal
int convertValue(int num, int i) { int convertValue(int num, int i) { return num * pow(8, i); }
return num * pow(8, i);
}
long long toDecimal(int octal_value) { long long toDecimal(int octal_value)
{
int decimal_value = 0, i = 0; int decimal_value = 0, i = 0;
while (octal_value) { while (octal_value)
{
// Extracts right-most digit and then multiplies by 8^i // Extracts right-most digit and then multiplies by 8^i
decimal_value += convertValue(octal_value % 10, i++); decimal_value += convertValue(octal_value % 10, i++);
@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ long long toDecimal(int octal_value) {
return decimal_value; return decimal_value;
} }
int main() { int main()
{
printf("Enter octal value: "); printf("Enter octal value: ");

60
conversions/to_decimal.c
View File

@ -2,39 +2,43 @@
* convert from any base to decimal * convert from any base to decimal
*/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h> #include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) { int main(void)
int base, i, j; {
char number[100]; int base, i, j;
unsigned long decimal = 0; char number[100];
unsigned long decimal = 0;
printf("Enter the base: "); printf("Enter the base: ");
scanf("%d", &base); scanf("%d", &base);
printf("Enter the number: "); printf("Enter the number: ");
scanf("%s", &number[0]); scanf("%s", &number[0]);
for (i = 0; number[i] != '\0'; i++) { for (i = 0; number[i] != '\0'; i++)
if (isdigit(number[i])) {
number[i] -= '0'; if (isdigit(number[i]))
else if (isupper(number[i])) number[i] -= '0';
number[i] -= 'A' - 10; else if (isupper(number[i]))
else if (islower(number[i])) number[i] -= 'A' - 10;
number[i] -= 'a' - 10; else if (islower(number[i]))
else number[i] -= 'a' - 10;
number[i] = base + 1; else
number[i] = base + 1;
if (number[i] >= base){ if (number[i] >= base)
printf("invalid number\n"); {
return 0; printf("invalid number\n");
} return 0;
} }
}
for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
decimal *= base; {
decimal += number[j]; decimal *= base;
} decimal += number[j];
}
printf("%lu\n", decimal); printf("%lu\n", decimal);
} }

349
data_structures/Array/CArray.c
View File

@ -13,243 +13,276 @@
* *
*/ */
/* /*
Return Codes Return Codes
-1 - Array Erased -1 - Array Erased
0 - Success 0 - Success
1 - Invalid Position 1 - Invalid Position
2 - Position already initialized (use update function) 2 - Position already initialized (use update function)
3 - Position not initialized (use insert function) 3 - Position not initialized (use insert function)
4 - Position already empty 4 - Position already empty
5 - Array is full 5 - Array is full
*/ */
#include "CArray.h"
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h> #include <time.h>
#include "CArray.h"
void swap(CArray *array, int position1, int position2); void swap(CArray *array, int position1, int position2);
CArray * getCArray(int size) CArray *getCArray(int size)
{ {
CArray *array = (CArray *) malloc(sizeof(CArray)); CArray *array = (CArray *)malloc(sizeof(CArray));
array->array = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * size); array->array = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);
array->size = size; array->size = size;
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
array->array[i] = 0; {
} array->array[i] = 0;
return array; }
return array;
} }
int insertValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value) int insertValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value)
{ {
if (position >= 0 && position < array->size) { if (position >= 0 && position < array->size)
if (array->array[position] == 0) { {
array->array[position] = value; if (array->array[position] == 0)
return SUCCESS; {
} array->array[position] = value;
else return POSITION_INIT; return SUCCESS;
} }
return INVALID_POSITION; else
return POSITION_INIT;
}
return INVALID_POSITION;
} }
int removeValueCArray(CArray *array, int position) int removeValueCArray(CArray *array, int position)
{ {
if (position >= 0 && position < array->size) { if (position >= 0 && position < array->size)
if (array->array[position] != 0) { {
array->array[position] = 0; if (array->array[position] != 0)
} {
else return POSITION_EMPTY; array->array[position] = 0;
} }
return INVALID_POSITION; else
return POSITION_EMPTY;
}
return INVALID_POSITION;
} }
int pushValueCArray(CArray *array, int value) int pushValueCArray(CArray *array, int value)
{ {
int i; int i;
int ok = 0; int ok = 0;
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
if (array->array[i] == 0) { {
array->array[i] = value; if (array->array[i] == 0)
ok = 1; {
break; array->array[i] = value;
} ok = 1;
} break;
if (ok == 1) return SUCCESS; }
else return ARRAY_FULL; }
if (ok == 1)
return SUCCESS;
else
return ARRAY_FULL;
} }
int updateValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value) int updateValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value)
{ {
if (position >= 0 && position < array->size) { if (position >= 0 && position < array->size)
if (array->array[position] != 0) { {
if (array->array[position] != 0)
{
}
} else
return POSITION_NOT_INIT;
else return POSITION_NOT_INIT; }
} return INVALID_POSITION;
return INVALID_POSITION;
} }
int eraseCArray(CArray *array) int eraseCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
array->array[i] = 0; {
} array->array[i] = 0;
return 0; }
return 0;
} }
int switchValuesCArray(CArray *array, int position1, int position2) int switchValuesCArray(CArray *array, int position1, int position2)
{ {
if (position1 >= 0 && position1 < array->size if (position1 >= 0 && position1 < array->size && position2 >= 0 &&
&& position2 >= 0 && position2 < array->size) { position2 < array->size)
int temp = array->array[position1]; {
array->array[position1] = array->array[position2]; int temp = array->array[position1];
array->array[position2] = temp; array->array[position1] = array->array[position2];
} array->array[position2] = temp;
return INVALID_POSITION; }
return INVALID_POSITION;
} }
int reverseCArray(CArray *array) int reverseCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < array->size / 2; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size / 2; i++)
swap(array, i, array->size - i - 1); {
} swap(array, i, array->size - i - 1);
return SUCCESS; }
return SUCCESS;
} }
int displayCArray(CArray *array) int displayCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i; int i;
printf("\nC ARRAY\n"); printf("\nC ARRAY\n");
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
printf("%d ", array->array[i]); {
} printf("%d ", array->array[i]);
printf("\n"); }
return 0; printf("\n");
return 0;
} }
int blenderCArray(CArray *array) int blenderCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
srand(time(NULL) * array->size); srand(time(NULL) * array->size);
int i; int i;
int total = array->size * 100; int total = array->size * 100;
for (i = 0; i < total; i++) { for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
swap(array, rand() % array->size, rand() % array->size); {
} swap(array, rand() % array->size, rand() % array->size);
return 0; }
return 0;
} }
CArray * getCopyCArray(CArray *arr) CArray *getCopyCArray(CArray *arr)
{ {
CArray *array = (CArray *)malloc(sizeof(CArray)); CArray *array = (CArray *)malloc(sizeof(CArray));
array->array = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * arr->size); array->array = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * arr->size);
array->size = arr->size; array->size = arr->size;
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < arr->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < arr->size; i++)
array->array[i] = arr->array[i]; {
} array->array[i] = arr->array[i];
return array; }
return array;
} }
void swap(CArray *array, int position1, int position2) void swap(CArray *array, int position1, int position2)
{ {
int temp = array->array[position1]; int temp = array->array[position1];
array->array[position1] = array->array[position2]; array->array[position1] = array->array[position2];
array->array[position2] = temp; array->array[position2] = temp;
} }
int bubbleSortCArray(CArray *array) int bubbleSortCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i, j; int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < array->size - 1; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size - 1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < array->size - i - 1; j++) { {
if (array->array[j] > array->array[j + 1]) { for (j = 0; j < array->size - i - 1; j++)
swap(array, j, j + 1); {
} if (array->array[j] > array->array[j + 1])
} {
} swap(array, j, j + 1);
return 0; }
}
}
return 0;
} }
int selectionSortCArray(CArray *array) int selectionSortCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i, j, min; int i, j, min;
for (i = 0; i < array->size - 1; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size - 1; i++)
min = i; {
for (j = i + 1; j < array->size; j++) min = i;
if (array->array[j] < array->array[min]) min = j; for (j = i + 1; j < array->size; j++)
swap(array, min, i); if (array->array[j] < array->array[min])
} min = j;
return 0; swap(array, min, i);
}
return 0;
} }
int insertionSortCArray(CArray *array) int insertionSortCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i, j, num; int i, j, num;
for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++)
num = array->array[i]; {
j = i - 1; num = array->array[i];
while (j >= 0 && array->array[j] > num) j = i - 1;
{ while (j >= 0 && array->array[j] > num)
array->array[j + 1] = array->array[j]; {
j--; array->array[j + 1] = array->array[j];
} j--;
array->array[j + 1] = num; }
} array->array[j + 1] = num;
return 0; }
return 0;
} }
int valueOcurranceCArray(CArray *array, int value) int valueOcurranceCArray(CArray *array, int value)
{ {
int i, total = 0; int i, total = 0;
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
if (array->array[i] == value) total++; {
} if (array->array[i] == value)
return total; total++;
}
return total;
} }
CArray * valuePositionsCArray(CArray *array, int value) CArray *valuePositionsCArray(CArray *array, int value)
{ {
int i, j = 0; int i, j = 0;
int total = valueOcurranceCArray(array, value); int total = valueOcurranceCArray(array, value);
CArray *resultArray = getCArray(total); CArray *resultArray = getCArray(total);
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
if (array->array[i] == value) { {
// Hopefully this won't overflow if (array->array[i] == value)
resultArray->array[j] = i; {
j++; // Hopefully this won't overflow
} resultArray->array[j] = i;
} j++;
return resultArray; }
}
return resultArray;
} }
int findMinCArray(CArray *array) int findMinCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i; int i;
int min = array->array[0]; int min = array->array[0];
for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++)
if (array->array[i] < min) { {
min = array->array[i]; if (array->array[i] < min)
} {
} min = array->array[i];
return min; }
}
return min;
} }
int findMaxCArray(CArray *array) int findMaxCArray(CArray *array)
{ {
int i; int i;
int max = array->array[0]; int max = array->array[0];
for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 1; i < array->size; i++)
if (array->array[i] > max) { {
max = array->array[i]; if (array->array[i] > max)
} {
} max = array->array[i];
return max; }
}
return max;
} }

105
data_structures/Array/CArray.h
View File

@ -16,68 +16,69 @@
#pragma once #pragma once
#ifdef __cplusplus #ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" { extern "C"
{
#endif #endif
#define ARRAY_ERASED -1 #define ARRAY_ERASED -1
#define SUCCESS 0 #define SUCCESS 0
#define INVALID_POSITION 1 #define INVALID_POSITION 1
#define POSITION_INIT 2 #define POSITION_INIT 2
#define POSITION_NOT_INIT 3 #define POSITION_NOT_INIT 3
#define POSITION_EMPTY 4 #define POSITION_EMPTY 4
#define ARRAY_FULL 5 #define ARRAY_FULL 5
typedef struct CArray { typedef struct CArray
int *array; {
int size; int *array;
} CArray; int size;
} CArray;
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Returns array | // | Returns array |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
CArray * getCArray(int size); CArray *getCArray(int size);
CArray * getCopyCArray(CArray *array); CArray *getCopyCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Input / Output | // | Input / Output |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
int insertValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value); int insertValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value);
int removeValueCArray(CArray *array, int position); int removeValueCArray(CArray *array, int position);
int pushValueCArray(CArray *array, int value); int pushValueCArray(CArray *array, int value);
int updateValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value); int updateValueCArray(CArray *array, int position, int value);
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Erase | // | Erase |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
int eraseCArray(CArray *array); int eraseCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Switching | // | Switching |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
int switchValuesCArray(CArray *array, int position1, int position2); int switchValuesCArray(CArray *array, int position1, int position2);
int reverseCArray(CArray *array); int reverseCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Sorting | // | Sorting |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
int bubbleSortCArray(CArray *array); int bubbleSortCArray(CArray *array);
int selectionSortCArray(CArray *array); int selectionSortCArray(CArray *array);
int insertionSortCArray(CArray *array); int insertionSortCArray(CArray *array);
int blenderCArray(CArray *array); int blenderCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
// | Searching | // | Searching |
// +-------------------------------------+ // +-------------------------------------+
int valueOcurranceCArray(CArray *array, int value); int valueOcurranceCArray(CArray *array, int value);
CArray * valuePositionsCArray(CArray *array, int value); CArray *valuePositionsCArray(CArray *array, int value);
int findMaxCArray(CArray *array); int findMaxCArray(CArray *array);
int findMinCArray(CArray *array); int findMinCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+
// | Display |
// +-------------------------------------+
int displayCArray(CArray *array);
// +-------------------------------------+
// | Display |
// +-------------------------------------+
int displayCArray(CArray *array);
#ifdef __cplusplus #ifdef __cplusplus
} }

228
data_structures/Array/CArrayTests.c
View File

@ -13,140 +13,148 @@
* *
*/ */
#include "CArray.h"
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h> #include <time.h>
#include "CArray.h"
int CArrayTests() int CArrayTests()
{ {
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
printf(" +-------------------------------------+\n"); printf(" +-------------------------------------+\n");
printf(" | |\n"); printf(" | |\n");
printf(" | C Array |\n"); printf(" | C Array |\n");
printf(" | |\n"); printf(" | |\n");
printf(" +-------------------------------------+\n"); printf(" +-------------------------------------+\n");
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
CArray *array = getCArray(10); CArray *array = getCArray(10);
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
insertValueCArray(array, i, i+1); {
} insertValueCArray(array, i, i + 1);
printf("Entered array is:\n"); }
displayCArray(array); printf("Entered array is:\n");
printf("\nCode: %d\n", pushValueCArray(array, 11)); // 5 displayCArray(array);
printf("\nCode: %d\n", pushValueCArray(array, 11)); // 5
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
removeValueCArray(array, i); {
} removeValueCArray(array, i);
}
displayCArray(array); displayCArray(array);
printf("\nCode: %d", removeValueCArray(array, -1)); // 1 printf("\nCode: %d", removeValueCArray(array, -1)); // 1
printf("\nCode: %d\n", insertValueCArray(array, -1, 1)); // 1 printf("\nCode: %d\n", insertValueCArray(array, -1, 1)); // 1
// Erase // Erase
for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < array->size; i++)
insertValueCArray(array, i, i + 1); {
} insertValueCArray(array, i, i + 1);
eraseCArray(array); }
displayCArray(array); // Should give all 0s eraseCArray(array);
displayCArray(array); // Should give all 0s
// Switching // Switching
CArray *arr = getCArray(13); CArray *arr = getCArray(13);
for (i = 0; i < arr->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < arr->size; i++)
insertValueCArray(arr, i, i + 1); {
} insertValueCArray(arr, i, i + 1);
displayCArray(arr); }
for (i = 0; i < arr->size / 2; i++) { displayCArray(arr);
switchValuesCArray(arr, i, arr->size - i - 1); for (i = 0; i < arr->size / 2; i++)
} {
switchValuesCArray(arr, i, arr->size - i - 1);
}
displayCArray(arr); displayCArray(arr);
// Or simply... // Or simply...
reverseCArray(arr); reverseCArray(arr);
displayCArray(arr); displayCArray(arr);
// Sorting // Sorting
srand(time(NULL)); srand(time(NULL));
CArray *barray = getCArray(20); CArray *barray = getCArray(20);
for (i = 0; i < barray->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < barray->size; i++)
insertValueCArray(barray, i, rand()); {
} insertValueCArray(barray, i, rand());
CArray *carray = getCopyCArray(barray); }
CArray *darray = getCopyCArray(barray); CArray *carray = getCopyCArray(barray);
printf("\nNot sorted Array:"); CArray *darray = getCopyCArray(barray);
displayCArray(barray); printf("\nNot sorted Array:");
displayCArray(barray);
printf("\nBubble Sort:"); printf("\nBubble Sort:");
clock_t begin1 = clock(); clock_t begin1 = clock();
// Timing bubble sort // Timing bubble sort
bubbleSortCArray(barray); bubbleSortCArray(barray);
clock_t end1 = clock(); clock_t end1 = clock();
double time_spent1 = (double)(end1 - begin1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; double time_spent1 = (double)(end1 - begin1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
displayCArray(barray); displayCArray(barray);
printf("\nSelection Sort:"); printf("\nSelection Sort:");
clock_t begin2 = clock(); clock_t begin2 = clock();
// Timing selection sort // Timing selection sort
selectionSortCArray(carray); selectionSortCArray(carray);
clock_t end2 = clock(); clock_t end2 = clock();
double time_spent2 = (double)(end2 - begin2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; double time_spent2 = (double)(end2 - begin2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
displayCArray(carray); displayCArray(carray);
printf("\nInsertion Sort:"); printf("\nInsertion Sort:");
clock_t begin3 = clock(); clock_t begin3 = clock();
// Timing insertion sort // Timing insertion sort
insertionSortCArray(darray); insertionSortCArray(darray);
clock_t end3 = clock(); clock_t end3 = clock();
double time_spent3 = (double)(end3 - begin3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; double time_spent3 = (double)(end3 - begin3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
displayCArray(carray); displayCArray(carray);
// Descending order // Descending order
reverseCArray(barray); reverseCArray(barray);
// displayCArray(barray); // displayCArray(barray);
// printf("\nBlender:"); // printf("\nBlender:");
// blenderCArray(barray); // blenderCArray(barray);
// displayCArray(barray); // displayCArray(barray);
printf("\nTotal time spent for bubble sort: %lf seconds", time_spent1); printf("\nTotal time spent for bubble sort: %lf seconds", time_spent1);
printf("\nTotal time spent for selection sort: %lf seconds", time_spent2); printf("\nTotal time spent for selection sort: %lf seconds", time_spent2);
printf("\nTotal time spent for insertion sort: %lf seconds", time_spent3); printf("\nTotal time spent for insertion sort: %lf seconds", time_spent3);
// Searching // Searching
CArray *aarray = getCArray(1000); CArray *aarray = getCArray(1000);
for (i = 0; i < aarray->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < aarray->size; i++)
insertValueCArray(aarray, i, rand() % 100); {
} insertValueCArray(aarray, i, rand() % 100);
}
int j = 24; int j = 24;
printf("\nOccurrences of the number %d in the array: %d", j, printf("\nOccurrences of the number %d in the array: %d", j,
valueOcurranceCArray(aarray, j)); valueOcurranceCArray(aarray, j));
printf("\nAnd its positions:\n"); printf("\nAnd its positions:\n");
CArray *positions = valuePositionsCArray(aarray, j); CArray *positions = valuePositionsCArray(aarray, j);
displayCArray(positions); displayCArray(positions);
// This should all give value of j // This should all give value of j
printf("\nAll %d s", j); printf("\nAll %d s", j);
for (i = 0; i < positions->size; i++) { for (i = 0; i < positions->size; i++)
printf("\nPosition %d has a value of %d", {
positions->array[i], aarray->array[positions->array[i]]); printf("\nPosition %d has a value of %d", positions->array[i],
} aarray->array[positions->array[i]]);
printf("\nThe list has a minimum value of %d and a maximum value of %d", }
findMinCArray(aarray), findMaxCArray(aarray)); printf("\nThe list has a minimum value of %d and a maximum value of %d",
insertionSortCArray(aarray); findMinCArray(aarray), findMaxCArray(aarray));
// displayCArray(aarray); insertionSortCArray(aarray);
// displayCArray(aarray);
free(arr); free(arr);
free(array); free(array);
free(aarray); free(aarray);
free(barray); free(barray);
free(carray); free(carray);
free(darray); free(darray);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
return 0; return 0;
} }

571
data_structures/binary_trees/avl.c
View File

@ -3,429 +3,422 @@
struct AVLnode struct AVLnode
{ {
int key; int key;
struct AVLnode *left; struct AVLnode *left;
struct AVLnode *right; struct AVLnode *right;
int height; int height;
}; };
typedef struct AVLnode avlNode; typedef struct AVLnode avlNode;
int max(int a, int b) int max(int a, int b) { return (a > b) ? a : b; }
{
return (a > b)? a : b;
}
avlNode *newNode(int key) avlNode *newNode(int key)
{ {
avlNode *node = (avlNode*)malloc(sizeof(avlNode)); avlNode *node = (avlNode *)malloc(sizeof(avlNode));
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
printf("!! Out of Space !!\n"); printf("!! Out of Space !!\n");
else else
{ {
node->key = key; node->key = key;
node->left = NULL; node->left = NULL;
node->right = NULL; node->right = NULL;
node->height = 0; node->height = 0;
} }
return node; return node;
} }
int nodeHeight(avlNode *node) int nodeHeight(avlNode *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return -1; return -1;
else else
return(node->height); return (node->height);
} }
int heightDiff(avlNode *node) int heightDiff(avlNode *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return 0; return 0;
else else
return(nodeHeight(node->left) - nodeHeight(node->right)); return (nodeHeight(node->left) - nodeHeight(node->right));
} }
/* Returns the node with min key in the left subtree*/ /* Returns the node with min key in the left subtree*/
avlNode *minNode(avlNode *node) avlNode *minNode(avlNode *node)
{ {
avlNode *temp = node; avlNode *temp = node;
while(temp->left != NULL) while (temp->left != NULL)
temp = temp->left; temp = temp->left;
return temp; return temp;
} }
void printAVL(avlNode *node, int level) void printAVL(avlNode *node, int level)
{ {
int i; int i;
if(node!=NULL) if (node != NULL)
{ {
printAVL(node->right, level+1); printAVL(node->right, level + 1);
printf("\n\n"); printf("\n\n");
for(i=0; i<level; i++) for (i = 0; i < level; i++)
printf("\t"); printf("\t");
printf("%d", node->key); printf("%d", node->key);
printAVL(node->left, level+1); printAVL(node->left, level + 1);
} }
} }
avlNode *rightRotate(avlNode *z) avlNode *rightRotate(avlNode *z)
{ {
avlNode *y = z->left; avlNode *y = z->left;
avlNode *T3 = y->right; avlNode *T3 = y->right;
y->right = z; y->right = z;
z->left = T3; z->left = T3;
z->height = (max(nodeHeight(z->left), nodeHeight(z->right)) + 1); z->height = (max(nodeHeight(z->left), nodeHeight(z->right)) + 1);
y->height = (max(nodeHeight(y->left), nodeHeight(y->right)) + 1); y->height = (max(nodeHeight(y->left), nodeHeight(y->right)) + 1);
return y; return y;
} }
avlNode *leftRotate(avlNode *z) avlNode *leftRotate(avlNode *z)
{ {
avlNode *y = z->right; avlNode *y = z->right;
avlNode *T3 = y->left; avlNode *T3 = y->left;
y->left = z; y->left = z;
z->right = T3; z->right = T3;
z->height = (max(nodeHeight(z->left), nodeHeight(z->right)) + 1); z->height = (max(nodeHeight(z->left), nodeHeight(z->right)) + 1);
y->height = (max(nodeHeight(y->left), nodeHeight(y->right)) + 1); y->height = (max(nodeHeight(y->left), nodeHeight(y->right)) + 1);
return y; return y;
} }
avlNode *LeftRightRotate(avlNode *z) avlNode *LeftRightRotate(avlNode *z)
{ {
z->left = leftRotate(z->left); z->left = leftRotate(z->left);
return (rightRotate(z)); return (rightRotate(z));
} }
avlNode *RightLeftRotate(avlNode *z) avlNode *RightLeftRotate(avlNode *z)
{ {
z->right = rightRotate(z->right); z->right = rightRotate(z->right);
return (leftRotate(z)); return (leftRotate(z));
} }
avlNode *insert(avlNode *node, int key) avlNode *insert(avlNode *node, int key)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return (newNode(key)); return (newNode(key));
/*Binary Search Tree insertion*/ /*Binary Search Tree insertion*/
if(key < node->key) if (key < node->key)
node->left = insert(node->left, key); /*Recursive insertion in L subtree*/ node->left =
else if(key > node->key) insert(node->left, key); /*Recursive insertion in L subtree*/
node->right = insert(node->right, key); /*Recursive insertion in R subtree*/ else if (key > node->key)
node->right =
insert(node->right, key); /*Recursive insertion in R subtree*/
/* Node Height as per the AVL formula*/ /* Node Height as per the AVL formula*/
node->height = (max(nodeHeight(node->left), nodeHeight(node->right)) + 1); node->height = (max(nodeHeight(node->left), nodeHeight(node->right)) + 1);
/*Checking for the balance condition*/
int balance = heightDiff(node);
/*Checking for the balance condition*/ /*Left Left */
int balance = heightDiff(node); if (balance > 1 && key < (node->left->key))
return rightRotate(node);
/*Left Left */ /*Right Right */
if(balance>1 && key < (node->left->key)) if (balance < -1 && key > (node->right->key))
return rightRotate(node); return leftRotate(node);
/*Right Right */ /*Left Right */
if(balance<-1 && key > (node->right->key)) if (balance > 1 && key > (node->left->key))
return leftRotate(node); {
node = LeftRightRotate(node);
}
/*Left Right */ /*Right Left */
if (balance>1 && key > (node->left->key)) if (balance < -1 && key < (node->right->key))
{ {
node = LeftRightRotate(node); node = RightLeftRotate(node);
} }
/*Right Left */
if (balance<-1 && key < (node->right->key))
{
node = RightLeftRotate(node);
}
return node;
return node;
} }
avlNode *delete(avlNode *node, int queryNum) avlNode *delete (avlNode *node, int queryNum)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return node; return node;
if(queryNum < node->key) if (queryNum < node->key)
node->left = delete(node->left, queryNum); /*Recursive deletion in L subtree*/ node->left =
else if(queryNum > node->key) delete (node->left, queryNum); /*Recursive deletion in L subtree*/
node->right = delete(node->right, queryNum); /*Recursive deletion in R subtree*/ else if (queryNum > node->key)
else node->right =
{ delete (node->right, queryNum); /*Recursive deletion in R subtree*/
/*Single or No Child*/ else
if((node->left == NULL) || (node->right==NULL)) {
{ /*Single or No Child*/
avlNode *temp = node->left ? if ((node->left == NULL) || (node->right == NULL))
node->left : {
node->right; avlNode *temp = node->left ? node->left : node->right;
/* No Child*/ /* No Child*/
if(temp == NULL) if (temp == NULL)
{ {
temp = node; temp = node;
node = NULL; node = NULL;
} }
else /*Single Child : copy data to the parent*/ else /*Single Child : copy data to the parent*/
*node = *temp; *node = *temp;
free(temp); free(temp);
} }
else else
{ {
/*Two Child*/ /*Two Child*/
/*Get the smallest key in the R subtree*/ /*Get the smallest key in the R subtree*/
avlNode *temp = minNode(node->right); avlNode *temp = minNode(node->right);
node->key = temp->key; /*Copy that to the root*/ node->key = temp->key; /*Copy that to the root*/
node->right = delete(node->right, temp->key); /*Delete the smallest in the R subtree.*/ node->right =
} delete (node->right,
} temp->key); /*Delete the smallest in the R subtree.*/
}
}
/*single node in tree*/ /*single node in tree*/
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return node; return node;
/*Update height*/
node->height = (max(nodeHeight(node->left), nodeHeight(node->right)) + 1);
/*Update height*/ int balance = heightDiff(node);
node->height = (max(nodeHeight(node->left), nodeHeight(node->right)) + 1);
int balance = heightDiff(node); /*Left Left */
if ((balance > 1) && (heightDiff(node->left) >= 0))
return rightRotate(node);
/*Left Left */ /*Left Right */
if((balance>1) && (heightDiff(node->left) >= 0)) if ((balance > 1) && (heightDiff(node->left) < 0))
return rightRotate(node); {
node = LeftRightRotate(node);
}
/*Left Right */ /*Right Right */
if ((balance>1) && (heightDiff(node->left) < 0)) if ((balance < -1) && (heightDiff(node->right) >= 0))
{ return leftRotate(node);
node = LeftRightRotate(node);
}
/*Right Right */ /*Right Left */
if((balance<-1) && (heightDiff(node->right) >= 0)) if ((balance < -1) && (heightDiff(node->right) < 0))
return leftRotate(node); {
node = RightLeftRotate(node);
/*Right Left */ }
if ((balance<-1) && (heightDiff(node->right) < 0))
{
node = RightLeftRotate(node);
}
return node;
return node;
} }
avlNode *findNode(avlNode *node, int queryNum) avlNode *findNode(avlNode *node, int queryNum)
{ {
if(node!=NULL) if (node != NULL)
{ {
if(queryNum < node->key) if (queryNum < node->key)
node = findNode(node->left, queryNum); node = findNode(node->left, queryNum);
else if(queryNum > node->key) else if (queryNum > node->key)
node = findNode(node->right, queryNum); node = findNode(node->right, queryNum);
} }
return node; return node;
} }
void printPreOrder(avlNode *node) void printPreOrder(avlNode *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return; return;
printf(" %d ", (node->key)); printf(" %d ", (node->key));
printPreOrder(node->left); printPreOrder(node->left);
printPreOrder(node->right); printPreOrder(node->right);
} }
void printInOrder(avlNode *node) void printInOrder(avlNode *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return; return;
printInOrder(node->left); printInOrder(node->left);
printf(" %d ", (node->key)); printf(" %d ", (node->key));
printInOrder(node->right); printInOrder(node->right);
} }
void printPostOrder(avlNode *node) void printPostOrder(avlNode *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) if (node == NULL)
return; return;
printPostOrder(node->left); printPostOrder(node->left);
printPostOrder(node->right); printPostOrder(node->right);
printf(" %d ", (node->key)); printf(" %d ", (node->key));
} }
int main() int main()
{ {
int choice; int choice;
int flag=1; int flag = 1;
int insertNum; int insertNum;
int queryNum; int queryNum;
avlNode *root = NULL; avlNode *root = NULL;
avlNode *tempNode; avlNode *tempNode;
while(flag == 1) while (flag == 1)
{ {
printf("\n\nEnter the Step to Run : \n"); printf("\n\nEnter the Step to Run : \n");
printf("\t1: Insert a node into AVL tree\n"); printf("\t1: Insert a node into AVL tree\n");
printf("\t2: Delete a node in AVL tree\n"); printf("\t2: Delete a node in AVL tree\n");
printf("\t3: Search a node into AVL tree\n"); printf("\t3: Search a node into AVL tree\n");
printf("\t4: printPreOrder (Ro L R) Tree\n"); printf("\t4: printPreOrder (Ro L R) Tree\n");
printf("\t5: printInOrder (L Ro R) Tree\n"); printf("\t5: printInOrder (L Ro R) Tree\n");
printf("\t6: printPostOrder (L R Ro) Tree\n"); printf("\t6: printPostOrder (L R Ro) Tree\n");
printf("\t7: printAVL Tree\n"); printf("\t7: printAVL Tree\n");
printf("\t0: EXIT\n"); printf("\t0: EXIT\n");
scanf("%d", &choice); scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice) switch (choice)
{ {
case 0: case 0:
{ {
flag=0; flag = 0;
printf("\n\t\tExiting, Thank You !!\n"); printf("\n\t\tExiting, Thank You !!\n");
break; break;
} }
case 1: case 1:
{ {
printf("\n\tEnter the Number to insert: "); printf("\n\tEnter the Number to insert: ");
scanf("%d", &insertNum); scanf("%d", &insertNum);
tempNode = findNode(root, insertNum); tempNode = findNode(root, insertNum);
if(tempNode!=NULL) if (tempNode != NULL)
printf("\n\t %d Already exists in the tree\n", insertNum); printf("\n\t %d Already exists in the tree\n", insertNum);
else else
{ {
printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n"); printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1); printAVL(root, 1);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
root = insert(root, insertNum); root = insert(root, insertNum);
printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n"); printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1); printAVL(root, 1);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
break; break;
} }
case 2: case 2:
{ {
printf("\n\tEnter the Number to Delete: "); printf("\n\tEnter the Number to Delete: ");
scanf("%d", &queryNum); scanf("%d", &queryNum);
tempNode = findNode(root, queryNum); tempNode = findNode(root, queryNum);
if(tempNode==NULL) if (tempNode == NULL)
printf("\n\t %d Does not exist in the tree\n", queryNum); printf("\n\t %d Does not exist in the tree\n", queryNum);
else else
{ {
printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n"); printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1); printAVL(root, 1);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
root = delete(root, queryNum); root = delete (root, queryNum);
printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n"); printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1); printAVL(root, 1);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
break; break;
} }
case 3: case 3:
{ {
printf("\n\tEnter the Number to Search: "); printf("\n\tEnter the Number to Search: ");
scanf("%d", &queryNum); scanf("%d", &queryNum);
tempNode = findNode(root, queryNum); tempNode = findNode(root, queryNum);
if (tempNode == NULL)
printf("\n\t %d : Not Found\n", queryNum);
else
{
printf("\n\t %d : Found at height %d \n", queryNum,
tempNode->height);
if(tempNode == NULL) printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printf("\n\t %d : Not Found\n", queryNum); printAVL(root, 1);
else printf("\n");
{ }
printf("\n\t %d : Found at height %d \n", queryNum, tempNode->height);
printf("\n\tPrinting AVL Tree\n"); break;
printAVL(root, 1); }
printf("\n");
}
break; case 4:
} {
printf("\nPrinting Tree preOrder\n");
printPreOrder(root);
case 4: break;
{ }
printf("\nPrinting Tree preOrder\n");
printPreOrder(root);
break; case 5:
} {
printf("\nPrinting Tree inOrder\n");
printInOrder(root);
case 5: break;
{ }
printf("\nPrinting Tree inOrder\n");
printInOrder(root);
break; case 6:
} {
printf("\nPrinting Tree PostOrder\n");
printPostOrder(root);
case 6: break;
{ }
printf("\nPrinting Tree PostOrder\n");
printPostOrder(root);
break; case 7:
} {
printf("\nPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1);
case 7: break;
{ }
printf("\nPrinting AVL Tree\n");
printAVL(root, 1);
break; default:
} {
flag = 0;
printf("\n\t\tExiting, Thank You !!\n");
break;
}
}
}
default: return 0;
{
flag=0;
printf("\n\t\tExiting, Thank You !!\n");
break;
}
}
}
return 0;
} }

336
data_structures/binary_trees/binary_search_tree.c
View File

@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
/* A basic unbalanced binary search tree implementation in C, with the following functionalities implemented: /* A basic unbalanced binary search tree implementation in C, with the following
functionalities implemented:
- Insertion - Insertion
- Deletion - Deletion
- Search by key value - Search by key value
@ -9,198 +10,237 @@
*/ */
// Node, the basic data structure in the tree // Node, the basic data structure in the tree
typedef struct node{ typedef struct node
{
// left child // left child
struct node* left; struct node *left;
// right child // right child
struct node* right; struct node *right;
// data of the node // data of the node
int data; int data;
} node; } node;
// The node constructor, which receives the key value input and returns a node pointer // The node constructor, which receives the key value input and returns a node
node* newNode(int data){ // pointer
node *newNode(int data)
{
// creates a slug // creates a slug
node* tmp = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node)); node *tmp = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
// initializes the slug // initializes the slug
tmp->data = data; tmp->data = data;
tmp->left = NULL; tmp->left = NULL;
tmp->right = NULL; tmp->right = NULL;
return tmp; return tmp;
} }
// Insertion procedure, which inserts the input key in a new node in the tree // Insertion procedure, which inserts the input key in a new node in the tree
node* insert(node* root, int data){ node *insert(node *root, int data)
// If the root of the subtree is null, insert key here {
if (root == NULL) // If the root of the subtree is null, insert key here
root = newNode(data); if (root == NULL)
// If it isn't null and the input key is greater than the root key, insert in the right leaf root = newNode(data);
else if (data > root->data) // If it isn't null and the input key is greater than the root key, insert
root->right = insert(root->right, data); // in the right leaf
// If it isn't null and the input key is lower than the root key, insert in the left leaf else if (data > root->data)
else if (data < root->data) root->right = insert(root->right, data);
root->left = insert(root->left, data); // If it isn't null and the input key is lower than the root key, insert in
// Returns the modified tree // the left leaf
return root; else if (data < root->data)
root->left = insert(root->left, data);
// Returns the modified tree
return root;
} }
// Utilitary procedure to find the greatest key in the left subtree // Utilitary procedure to find the greatest key in the left subtree
node* getMax(node* root){ node *getMax(node *root)
// If there's no leaf to the right, then this is the maximum key value {
if (root->right == NULL) // If there's no leaf to the right, then this is the maximum key value
return root; if (root->right == NULL)
else return root;
root->right = getMax(root->right); else
root->right = getMax(root->right);
} }
// Deletion procedure, which searches for the input key in the tree and removes it if present // Deletion procedure, which searches for the input key in the tree and removes
node* delete(node* root, int data){ // it if present
// If the root is null, nothing to be done node *delete (node *root, int data)
if (root == NULL) {
return root; // If the root is null, nothing to be done
// If the input key is greater than the root's, search in the right subtree if (root == NULL)
else if (data > root->data) return root;
root->right = delete(root->right, data); // If the input key is greater than the root's, search in the right subtree
// If the input key is lower than the root's, search in the left subtree else if (data > root->data)
else if (data < root->data) root->right = delete (root->right, data);
root->left = delete(root->left, data); // If the input key is lower than the root's, search in the left subtree
// If the input key matches the root's, check the following cases else if (data < root->data)
// termination condition root->left = delete (root->left, data);
else if (data == root->data){ // If the input key matches the root's, check the following cases
// Case 1: the root has no leaves, remove the node // termination condition
if ((root->left == NULL) && (root->right == NULL)){ else if (data == root->data)
free(root); {
return NULL; // Case 1: the root has no leaves, remove the node
} if ((root->left == NULL) && (root->right == NULL))
// Case 2: the root has one leaf, make the leaf the new root and remove the old root {
else if (root->left == NULL){ free(root);
node* tmp = root; return NULL;
root = root->right; }
free(tmp); // Case 2: the root has one leaf, make the leaf the new root and remove
return root; // the old root
} else if (root->left == NULL)
else if (root->right == NULL){ {
node* tmp = root; node *tmp = root;
root = root->left; root = root->right;
free(tmp); free(tmp);
return root; return root;
} }
// Case 3: the root has 2 leaves, find the greatest key in the left subtree and switch with the root's else if (root->right == NULL)
else { {
node *tmp = root;
root = root->left;
free(tmp);
return root;
}
// Case 3: the root has 2 leaves, find the greatest key in the left
// subtree and switch with the root's
else
{
// finds the biggest node in the left branch. // finds the biggest node in the left branch.
node* tmp = getMax(root->left); node *tmp = getMax(root->left);
// sets the data of this node equal to the data of the biggest node (lefts) // sets the data of this node equal to the data of the biggest node
root->data = tmp->data; // (lefts)
root->left = delete(root->left, tmp->data); root->data = tmp->data;
} root->left = delete (root->left, tmp->data);
} }
return root; }
return root;
} }
// Search procedure, which looks for the input key in the tree and returns 1 if it's present or 0 if it's not in the tree // Search procedure, which looks for the input key in the tree and returns 1 if
int find(node* root, int data){ // it's present or 0 if it's not in the tree
// If the root is null, the key's not present int find(node *root, int data)
if (root == NULL) {
return 0; // If the root is null, the key's not present
// If the input key is greater than the root's, search in the right subtree if (root == NULL)
else if (data > root->data) return 0;
return find(root->right, data); // If the input key is greater than the root's, search in the right subtree
// If the input key is lower than the root's, search in the left subtree else if (data > root->data)
else if (data < root->data) return find(root->right, data);
return find(root->left, data); // If the input key is lower than the root's, search in the left subtree
// If the input and the root key match, return 1 else if (data < root->data)
else if (data == root->data) return find(root->left, data);
return 1; // If the input and the root key match, return 1
else if (data == root->data)
return 1;
} }
// Utilitary procedure to measure the height of the binary tree // Utilitary procedure to measure the height of the binary tree
int height(node* root){ int height(node *root)
// If the root is null, this is the bottom of the tree (height 0) {
if (root == NULL) // If the root is null, this is the bottom of the tree (height 0)
return 0; if (root == NULL)
else{ return 0;
// Get the height from both left and right subtrees to check which is the greatest else
int right_h = height(root->right); {
int left_h = height(root->left); // Get the height from both left and right subtrees to check which is
// the greatest
int right_h = height(root->right);
int left_h = height(root->left);
// The final height is the height of the greatest subtree(left or right) plus 1(which is the root's level) // The final height is the height of the greatest subtree(left or right)
if (right_h > left_h) // plus 1(which is the root's level)
return (right_h + 1); if (right_h > left_h)
else return (right_h + 1);
return (left_h + 1); else
} return (left_h + 1);
}
} }
// Utilitary procedure to free all nodes in a tree // Utilitary procedure to free all nodes in a tree
void purge(node* root){ void purge(node *root)
if (root != NULL){ {
if (root->left != NULL) if (root != NULL)
purge(root->left); {
if (root->right != NULL) if (root->left != NULL)
purge(root->right); purge(root->left);
free(root); if (root->right != NULL)
} purge(root->right);
free(root);
}
} }
// Traversal procedure to list the current keys in the tree in order of value (from the left to the right) // Traversal procedure to list the current keys in the tree in order of value
void inOrder(node* root){ // (from the left to the right)
if(root != NULL){ void inOrder(node *root)
inOrder(root->left); {
printf("\t[ %d ]\t", root->data); if (root != NULL)
inOrder(root->right); {
} inOrder(root->left);
printf("\t[ %d ]\t", root->data);
inOrder(root->right);
}
} }
void main(){ void main()
{
// this reference don't change. // this reference don't change.
// only the tree changes. // only the tree changes.
node* root = NULL; node *root = NULL;
int opt = -1; int opt = -1;
int data = 0; int data = 0;
// event-loop. // event-loop.
while (opt != 0){ while (opt != 0)
printf("\n\n[1] Insert Node\n[2] Delete Node\n[3] Find a Node\n[4] Get current Height\n[5] Print Tree in Crescent Order\n[0] Quit\n"); {
scanf("%d",&opt); // reads the choice of the user printf("\n\n[1] Insert Node\n[2] Delete Node\n[3] Find a Node\n[4] Get "
"current Height\n[5] Print Tree in Crescent Order\n[0] Quit\n");
scanf("%d", &opt); // reads the choice of the user
// processes the choice // processes the choice
switch(opt){ switch (opt)
case 1: printf("Enter the new node's value:\n"); {
scanf("%d",&data); case 1:
root = insert(root,data); printf("Enter the new node's value:\n");
break; scanf("%d", &data);
root = insert(root, data);
break;
case 2: printf("Enter the value to be removed:\n"); case 2:
if (root != NULL){ printf("Enter the value to be removed:\n");
scanf("%d",&data); if (root != NULL)
root = delete(root,data); {
} scanf("%d", &data);
else root = delete (root, data);
printf("Tree is already empty!\n"); }
break; else
printf("Tree is already empty!\n");
break;
case 3: printf("Enter the searched value:\n"); case 3:
scanf("%d",&data); printf("Enter the searched value:\n");
find(root,data) ? printf("The value is in the tree.\n") : printf("The value is not in the tree.\n"); scanf("%d", &data);
break; find(root, data) ? printf("The value is in the tree.\n")
: printf("The value is not in the tree.\n");
break;
case 4: printf("Current height of the tree is: %d\n", height(root)); case 4:
break; printf("Current height of the tree is: %d\n", height(root));
break;
case 5: inOrder(root); case 5:
break; inOrder(root);
} break;
} }
}
// deletes the tree from the heap. // deletes the tree from the heap.
purge(root); purge(root);
} }

2
data_structures/binary_trees/create_node.c
View File

@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ int main(void)
nameOfNode->leftNode and so on. nameOfNode->leftNode and so on.
*/ */
return 0; return 0;
} }

10
data_structures/binary_trees/recursive_traversals.c
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
void inOrderTraversal(struct node *node) void inOrderTraversal(struct node *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) //if tree is empty if (node == NULL) // if tree is empty
return; return;
inOrderTraversal(node->leftNode); inOrderTraversal(node->leftNode);
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void inOrderTraversal(struct node *node)
void preOrderTraversal(struct node *node) void preOrderTraversal(struct node *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) //if tree is empty if (node == NULL) // if tree is empty
return; return;
printf("\t%d\t", node->data); printf("\t%d\t", node->data);
@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ void preOrderTraversal(struct node *node)
void postOrderTraversal(struct node *node) void postOrderTraversal(struct node *node)
{ {
if(node == NULL) //if tree is empty if (node == NULL) // if tree is empty
return; return;
postOrderTraversal(node->leftNode); postOrderTraversal(node->leftNode);
postOrderTraversal(node->rightNode); postOrderTraversal(node->rightNode);
printf("\t%d\t",node->data); printf("\t%d\t", node->data);
} }
int main(void) int main(void)
@ -41,5 +41,5 @@ int main(void)
function with a pointer to the root node. function with a pointer to the root node.
*/ */
return 0; return 0;
} }

542
data_structures/binary_trees/redBlackTree.c
View File

@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
typedef struct node{ typedef struct node
{
int val; int val;
struct node* par; struct node *par;
struct node* left; struct node *left;
struct node* right; struct node *right;
int color; int color;
}Node; } Node;
// Create a new node // Create a new node
Node* newNode(int val, Node* par){ Node *newNode(int val, Node *par)
Node* create = (Node*)(malloc(sizeof(Node))); {
Node *create = (Node *)(malloc(sizeof(Node)));
create->val = val; create->val = val;
create->par = par; create->par = par;
create->left = NULL; create->left = NULL;
@ -21,30 +23,37 @@ Node* newNode(int val, Node* par){
} }
// Check if the node is the leaf // Check if the node is the leaf
int isLeaf(Node* n){ int isLeaf(Node *n)
if(n->left == NULL && n->right == NULL){ {
if (n->left == NULL && n->right == NULL)
{
return 1; return 1;
} }
return 0; return 0;
} }
// Left Rotate // Left Rotate
Node* leftRotate(Node* node){ Node *leftRotate(Node *node)
Node* parent = node->par; {
Node* grandParent = parent->par; Node *parent = node->par;
Node *grandParent = parent->par;
parent->right = node->left; parent->right = node->left;
if(node->left != NULL){ if (node->left != NULL)
{
node->left->par = parent; node->left->par = parent;
} }
node->par = grandParent; node->par = grandParent;
parent->par = node; parent->par = node;
node->left = parent; node->left = parent;
if(grandParent != NULL){ if (grandParent != NULL)
if(grandParent->right == parent){ {
if (grandParent->right == parent)
{
grandParent->right = node; grandParent->right = node;
} }
else{ else
{
grandParent->left = node; grandParent->left = node;
} }
} }
@ -52,73 +61,86 @@ Node* leftRotate(Node* node){
} }
// Right Rotate // Right Rotate
Node* rightRotate(Node* node){ Node *rightRotate(Node *node)
Node* parent = node->par; {
Node* grandParent = parent->par; Node *parent = node->par;
Node *grandParent = parent->par;
parent->left = node->right; parent->left = node->right;
if(node->right != NULL){ if (node->right != NULL)
{
node->right->par = parent; node->right->par = parent;
} }
node->par = grandParent; node->par = grandParent;
parent->par = node; parent->par = node;
node->right = parent; node->right = parent;
if(grandParent != NULL){ if (grandParent != NULL)
if(grandParent->right == parent){ {
if (grandParent->right == parent)
{
grandParent->right = node; grandParent->right = node;
} }
else{ else
{
grandParent->left = node; grandParent->left = node;
} }
} }
return node; return node;
} }
// Check the node after the insertion step // Check the node after the insertion step
void checkNode(Node* node){ void checkNode(Node *node)
{
// If the node is the root // If the node is the root
if(node == NULL || node->par == NULL){ if (node == NULL || node->par == NULL)
{
return; return;
} }
Node* child = node; Node *child = node;
//If it is a black node or its parent is a black node // If it is a black node or its parent is a black node
if(node->color == 0 || (node->par)->color == 0){ if (node->color == 0 || (node->par)->color == 0)
{
// Dont Do Anything // Dont Do Anything
return; return;
} }
// Both parent and child are red // Both parent and child are red
// Check For Uncle // Check For Uncle
Node* parent = node->par; Node *parent = node->par;
Node* grandParent = parent->par; Node *grandParent = parent->par;
// If grandParent is NULL, then parent is the root. // If grandParent is NULL, then parent is the root.
// Just make the root black. // Just make the root black.
if(grandParent == NULL){ if (grandParent == NULL)
{
parent->color = 0; parent->color = 0;
return; return;
} }
// If both the children of the grandParent are red // If both the children of the grandParent are red
if(grandParent->right != NULL && (grandParent->right)->color == 1 && grandParent->left != NULL && (grandParent->left)->color == 1){ if (grandParent->right != NULL && (grandParent->right)->color == 1 &&
grandParent->left != NULL && (grandParent->left)->color == 1)
{
// Make the grandParent red and both of its children black // Make the grandParent red and both of its children black
(grandParent->right)->color = 0; (grandParent->right)->color = 0;
(grandParent->left)->color = 0; (grandParent->left)->color = 0;
grandParent->color = 1; grandParent->color = 1;
return; return;
} }
else{ else
{
// The only option left is rotation. // The only option left is rotation.
Node* greatGrandParent = grandParent->par; Node *greatGrandParent = grandParent->par;
// Right Case // Right Case
if(grandParent->right == parent){ if (grandParent->right == parent)
//Right Right Case {
if(parent->right == node){ // Right Right Case
if (parent->right == node)
{
grandParent->right = parent->left; grandParent->right = parent->left;
if(parent->left != NULL){ if (parent->left != NULL)
{
(parent->left)->par = grandParent; (parent->left)->par = grandParent;
} }
parent->left = grandParent; parent->left = grandParent;
@ -126,11 +148,15 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Attach to existing Tree; // Attach to existing Tree;
parent->par = greatGrandParent; parent->par = greatGrandParent;
if(greatGrandParent != NULL){ if (greatGrandParent != NULL)
if(greatGrandParent->left != NULL && greatGrandParent->left == grandParent){ {
if (greatGrandParent->left != NULL &&
greatGrandParent->left == grandParent)
{
greatGrandParent->left = parent; greatGrandParent->left = parent;
} }
else{ else
{
greatGrandParent->right = parent; greatGrandParent->right = parent;
} }
} }
@ -139,10 +165,12 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
parent->color = 0; parent->color = 0;
grandParent->color = 1; grandParent->color = 1;
} }
else{ // Right Left Case else
{ // Right Left Case
// First step -> Parent Child Rotation // First step -> Parent Child Rotation
parent->left = child->right; parent->left = child->right;
if(child->right != NULL){ if (child->right != NULL)
{
(child->right)->par = parent; (child->right)->par = parent;
} }
child->right = parent; child->right = parent;
@ -150,7 +178,8 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Second step -> Child and GrandParent Rotation // Second step -> Child and GrandParent Rotation
grandParent->right = child->left; grandParent->right = child->left;
if(child->left != NULL){ if (child->left != NULL)
{
(child->left)->par = grandParent; (child->left)->par = grandParent;
} }
child->left = grandParent; child->left = grandParent;
@ -158,11 +187,15 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Attach to the existing tree // Attach to the existing tree
child->par = greatGrandParent; child->par = greatGrandParent;
if(greatGrandParent != NULL){ if (greatGrandParent != NULL)
if(greatGrandParent->left != NULL && greatGrandParent->left == grandParent){ {
if (greatGrandParent->left != NULL &&
greatGrandParent->left == grandParent)
{
greatGrandParent->left = child; greatGrandParent->left = child;
} }
else{ else
{
greatGrandParent->right = child; greatGrandParent->right = child;
} }
} }
@ -172,11 +205,14 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
grandParent->color = 1; grandParent->color = 1;
} }
} }
else{ // Left Case else
//Left Left Case { // Left Case
if(parent->left == node){ // Left Left Case
if (parent->left == node)
{
grandParent->left = parent->right; grandParent->left = parent->right;
if(parent->right != NULL){ if (parent->right != NULL)
{
(parent->right)->par = grandParent; (parent->right)->par = grandParent;
} }
parent->right = grandParent; parent->right = grandParent;
@ -184,11 +220,15 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Attach to existing Tree; // Attach to existing Tree;
parent->par = greatGrandParent; parent->par = greatGrandParent;
if(greatGrandParent != NULL){ if (greatGrandParent != NULL)
if(greatGrandParent->left != NULL && greatGrandParent->left == grandParent){ {
if (greatGrandParent->left != NULL &&
greatGrandParent->left == grandParent)
{
greatGrandParent->left = parent; greatGrandParent->left = parent;
} }
else{ else
{
greatGrandParent->right = parent; greatGrandParent->right = parent;
} }
} }
@ -197,11 +237,13 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
parent->color = 0; parent->color = 0;
grandParent->color = 1; grandParent->color = 1;
} }
else{ //Left Right Case else
{ // Left Right Case
// First step -> Parent Child Rotation // First step -> Parent Child Rotation
parent->right = child->left; parent->right = child->left;
if(child->left != NULL){ if (child->left != NULL)
{
(child->left)->par = parent; (child->left)->par = parent;
} }
child->left = parent; child->left = parent;
@ -209,7 +251,8 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Second step -> Child and GrandParent Rotation // Second step -> Child and GrandParent Rotation
grandParent->left = child->right; grandParent->left = child->right;
if(child->right != NULL){ if (child->right != NULL)
{
(child->right)->par = grandParent; (child->right)->par = grandParent;
} }
child->right = grandParent; child->right = grandParent;
@ -217,11 +260,15 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
// Attach to the existing tree // Attach to the existing tree
child->par = greatGrandParent; child->par = greatGrandParent;
if(greatGrandParent != NULL){ if (greatGrandParent != NULL)
if(greatGrandParent->left != NULL && greatGrandParent->left == grandParent){ {
if (greatGrandParent->left != NULL &&
greatGrandParent->left == grandParent)
{
greatGrandParent->left = child; greatGrandParent->left = child;
} }
else{ else
{
greatGrandParent->right = child; greatGrandParent->right = child;
} }
} }
@ -235,71 +282,88 @@ void checkNode(Node* node){
} }
// To insert a node in the existing tree // To insert a node in the existing tree
void insertNode(int val, Node** root){ void insertNode(int val, Node **root)
Node* buffRoot = *root; {
while(buffRoot){ Node *buffRoot = *root;
if(buffRoot->val > val){ while (buffRoot)
{
if (buffRoot->val > val)
{
// Go left // Go left
if(buffRoot->left != NULL){ if (buffRoot->left != NULL)
{
buffRoot = buffRoot->left; buffRoot = buffRoot->left;
} }
else{ else
//Insert The Node {
Node* toInsert = newNode(val, buffRoot); // Insert The Node
Node *toInsert = newNode(val, buffRoot);
buffRoot->left = toInsert; buffRoot->left = toInsert;
buffRoot = toInsert; buffRoot = toInsert;
//Check For Double Red Problems // Check For Double Red Problems
break; break;
} }
} }
else{ else
{
// Go right // Go right
if(buffRoot->right != NULL){ if (buffRoot->right != NULL)
{
buffRoot = buffRoot->right; buffRoot = buffRoot->right;
} }
else{ else
//Insert The Node {
Node* toInsert = newNode(val, buffRoot); // Insert The Node
Node *toInsert = newNode(val, buffRoot);
buffRoot->right = toInsert; buffRoot->right = toInsert;
buffRoot = toInsert; buffRoot = toInsert;
//Check For Double Red Problems // Check For Double Red Problems
break; break;
} }
} }
} }
while (buffRoot != *root)
while(buffRoot != *root){ {
checkNode(buffRoot); checkNode(buffRoot);
if(buffRoot->par == NULL){ if (buffRoot->par == NULL)
{
*root = buffRoot; *root = buffRoot;
break; break;
} }
buffRoot = buffRoot->par; buffRoot = buffRoot->par;
if(buffRoot == *root){ if (buffRoot == *root)
{
buffRoot->color = 0; buffRoot->color = 0;
} }
} }
} }
void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){ void checkForCase2(Node *toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node **root)
{
if(toDelete == (*root)){ if (toDelete == (*root))
{
(*root)->color = 0; (*root)->color = 0;
return; return;
} }
if(!delete && toDelete->color == 1){ if (!delete &&toDelete->color == 1)
if(!fromDirection){ {
if(toDelete->right != NULL){ if (!fromDirection)
{
if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete->right->color = 1; toDelete->right->color = 1;
} }
} }
else{ else
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ {
if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete->left->color = 1; toDelete->left->color = 1;
} }
} }
@ -307,25 +371,30 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
return; return;
} }
// Get the sibling for further inspection // Get the sibling for further inspection
Node* sibling; Node *sibling;
Node* parent = toDelete->par; Node *parent = toDelete->par;
int locateChild = 0; // 0 if toDeleted is left of its parent else 1 int locateChild = 0; // 0 if toDeleted is left of its parent else 1
if(parent->right == toDelete){ if (parent->right == toDelete)
{
sibling = parent->left; sibling = parent->left;
locateChild = 1; locateChild = 1;
} }
else{ else
{
sibling = parent->right; sibling = parent->right;
} }
//Case 2.1. i.e. if the any children of the sibling is red // Case 2.1. i.e. if the any children of the sibling is red
if((sibling->right != NULL && sibling->right->color == 1) || (sibling->left != NULL && sibling->left->color == 1)){ if ((sibling->right != NULL && sibling->right->color == 1) ||
if(sibling->right != NULL && sibling->right->color == 1){ (sibling->left != NULL && sibling->left->color == 1))
{
if (sibling->right != NULL && sibling->right->color == 1)
{
// Sibling is left and child is right. i.e. LEFT RIGHT ROTATION // Sibling is left and child is right. i.e. LEFT RIGHT ROTATION
if(locateChild == 1){ if (locateChild == 1)
{
int parColor = parent->color; int parColor = parent->color;
@ -336,7 +405,8 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent = rightRotate(sibling); parent = rightRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -346,16 +416,19 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent->right->color = 0; parent->right->color = 0;
// Delete the node (present at parent->right->right) // Delete the node (present at parent->right->right)
if(delete){ if (delete)
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ {
if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete->left->par = parent->right; toDelete->left->par = parent->right;
} }
parent->right->right = toDelete->left; parent->right->right = toDelete->left;
free(toDelete); free(toDelete);
} }
} }
else{ // Sibling is right and child is also right. i.e. LEFT LEFT ROTATION else
{ // Sibling is right and child is also right. i.e. LEFT LEFT
// ROTATION
int parColor = parent->color; int parColor = parent->color;
@ -363,7 +436,8 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent = leftRotate(sibling); parent = leftRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -373,20 +447,23 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent->right->color = 0; parent->right->color = 0;
// Delete the node (present at parent->left->left) // Delete the node (present at parent->left->left)
if(delete){ if (delete)
if(toDelete->right != NULL){ {
if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete->right->par = parent->left; toDelete->right->par = parent->left;
} }
parent->left->left = toDelete->left; parent->left->left = toDelete->left;
free(toDelete); free(toDelete);
} }
} }
} }
else{ else
{
// Sibling is right and child is left. i.e. RIGHT LEFT ROTATION // Sibling is right and child is left. i.e. RIGHT LEFT ROTATION
if(locateChild == 0){ if (locateChild == 0)
{
int parColor = parent->color; int parColor = parent->color;
@ -400,7 +477,8 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent = leftRotate(sibling); parent = leftRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -410,17 +488,19 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent->right->color = 0; parent->right->color = 0;
// Delete the node (present at parent->left->left) // Delete the node (present at parent->left->left)
if(delete){ if (delete)
if(toDelete->right != NULL){ {
if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete->right->par = parent->left; toDelete->right->par = parent->left;
} }
parent->left->left = toDelete->right; parent->left->left = toDelete->right;
free(toDelete); free(toDelete);
} }
} }
else{ // Sibling is left and child is also left. i.e. RIGHT RIGHT ROTATION else
{ // Sibling is left and child is also left. i.e. RIGHT RIGHT
// ROTATION
int parColor = parent->color; int parColor = parent->color;
@ -428,7 +508,8 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent = rightRotate(sibling); parent = rightRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -438,33 +519,40 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent->right->color = 0; parent->right->color = 0;
// Delete the node (present at parent->right->right) // Delete the node (present at parent->right->right)
if(delete){ if (delete)
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ {
if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete->left->par = parent->right; toDelete->left->par = parent->right;
} }
parent->right->right = toDelete->left; parent->right->right = toDelete->left;
free(toDelete); free(toDelete);
} }
} }
} }
} }
else if(sibling->color == 0){ //Make the sibling red and recur for its parent else if (sibling->color == 0)
{ // Make the sibling red and recur for its parent
// Recolor the sibling // Recolor the sibling
sibling->color = 1; sibling->color = 1;
// Delete if necessary // Delete if necessary
if(delete){ if (delete)
if(locateChild){ {
if (locateChild)
{
toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left; toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left;
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par;
} }
} }
else{ else
{
toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right; toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right;
if(toDelete->right != NULL){ if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par;
} }
} }
@ -472,18 +560,22 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
checkForCase2(parent, 0, locateChild, root); checkForCase2(parent, 0, locateChild, root);
} }
else{ // Bring the sibling on top and apply 2.1 or 2.2 accordingly else
if(locateChild){ //Right Rotate { // Bring the sibling on top and apply 2.1 or 2.2 accordingly
if (locateChild)
{ // Right Rotate
toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left; toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left;
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par;
} }
parent = rightRotate(sibling); parent = rightRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -491,16 +583,19 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
parent->right->color = 1; parent->right->color = 1;
checkForCase2(parent->right, 0, 1, root); checkForCase2(parent->right, 0, 1, root);
} }
else{ // Left Rotate else
{ // Left Rotate
toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right; toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right;
if(toDelete->right != NULL){ if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par;
} }
parent = leftRotate(sibling); parent = leftRotate(sibling);
// Check if the root is rotated // Check if the root is rotated
if(parent->par == NULL){ if (parent->par == NULL)
{
*root = parent; *root = parent;
} }
@ -511,58 +606,71 @@ void checkForCase2(Node* toDelete, int delete, int fromDirection, Node** root){
checkForCase2(parent->left, 0, 0, root); checkForCase2(parent->left, 0, 0, root);
} }
} }
} }
// To delete a node from the tree // To delete a node from the tree
void deleteNode(int val, Node** root){ void deleteNode(int val, Node **root)
Node* buffRoot = *root; {
Node *buffRoot = *root;
//Search for the element in the tree // Search for the element in the tree
while(1){ while (1)
{
if(val == buffRoot->val){ if (val == buffRoot->val)
{
// Node Found // Node Found
break; break;
} }
if(val > buffRoot->val){ if (val > buffRoot->val)
if(buffRoot->right != NULL){ {
if (buffRoot->right != NULL)
{
buffRoot = buffRoot->right; buffRoot = buffRoot->right;
} }
else{ else
{
printf("Node Not Found!!!"); printf("Node Not Found!!!");
return; return;
} }
} }
else{ else
if(buffRoot->left != NULL){ {
if (buffRoot->left != NULL)
{
buffRoot = buffRoot->left; buffRoot = buffRoot->left;
} }
else{ else
{
printf("Node Not Found!!!"); printf("Node Not Found!!!");
return; return;
} }
} }
} }
Node* toDelete = buffRoot; Node *toDelete = buffRoot;
// Look for the leftmost of right node or right most of left node // Look for the leftmost of right node or right most of left node
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete = toDelete->left; toDelete = toDelete->left;
while(toDelete->right != NULL){ while (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete = toDelete->right; toDelete = toDelete->right;
} }
} }
else if(toDelete->right != NULL){ else if (toDelete->right != NULL)
{
toDelete = toDelete->right; toDelete = toDelete->right;
while(toDelete->left != NULL){ while (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
toDelete = toDelete->left; toDelete = toDelete->left;
} }
} }
if(toDelete == *root){ if (toDelete == *root)
{
*root = NULL; *root = NULL;
return; return;
} }
@ -572,28 +680,37 @@ void deleteNode(int val, Node** root){
toDelete->val = val; toDelete->val = val;
// Checking for case 1 // Checking for case 1
if(toDelete->color == 1 || (toDelete->left != NULL && toDelete->left->color == 1) || (toDelete->right != NULL && toDelete->right->color == 1)){ if (toDelete->color == 1 ||
(toDelete->left != NULL && toDelete->left->color == 1) ||
(toDelete->right != NULL && toDelete->right->color == 1))
{
// if it is a leaf // if it is a leaf
if(toDelete->left == NULL && toDelete->right == NULL){ if (toDelete->left == NULL && toDelete->right == NULL)
{
// Delete instantly // Delete instantly
if(toDelete->par->left == toDelete){ if (toDelete->par->left == toDelete)
{
toDelete->par->left = NULL; toDelete->par->left = NULL;
} }
else{ else
{
toDelete->par->right = NULL; toDelete->par->right = NULL;
} }
} }
else{ // else its child should be red else
{ // else its child should be red
// Check for the exitstence of left node // Check for the exitstence of left node
if(toDelete->left != NULL){ if (toDelete->left != NULL)
{
// The node should be right to its parent // The node should be right to its parent
toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left; toDelete->par->right = toDelete->left;
toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->left->par = toDelete->par;
toDelete->left->color = 1; toDelete->left->color = 1;
} }
else{ // else the right node should be red else
{ // else the right node should be red
toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right; toDelete->par->left = toDelete->right;
toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par; toDelete->right->par = toDelete->par;
toDelete->right->color = 1; toDelete->right->color = 1;
@ -603,76 +720,85 @@ void deleteNode(int val, Node** root){
// Remove the node from memory // Remove the node from memory
free(toDelete); free(toDelete);
} }
else{ // Case 2 else
{ // Case 2
checkForCase2(toDelete, 1, ((toDelete->par->right == toDelete)), root); checkForCase2(toDelete, 1, ((toDelete->par->right == toDelete)), root);
} }
} }
void printInorder(Node* root){ void printInorder(Node *root)
if(root != NULL){ {
if (root != NULL)
{
printInorder(root->left); printInorder(root->left);
printf("%d c-%d ", root->val, root->color); printf("%d c-%d ", root->val, root->color);
printInorder(root->right); printInorder(root->right);
} }
} }
void checkBlack(Node* temp,int c){ void checkBlack(Node *temp, int c)
if (temp==NULL){ {
printf("%d ",c); if (temp == NULL)
return ; {
printf("%d ", c);
return;
} }
if (temp->color==0){ if (temp->color == 0)
{
c++; c++;
} }
checkBlack(temp->left,c); checkBlack(temp->left, c);
checkBlack(temp->right,c); checkBlack(temp->right, c);
} }
int main(){ int main()
Node* root = NULL; {
Node *root = NULL;
int scanValue, choice = 1; int scanValue, choice = 1;
printf("1 - Input\n2 - Delete\n3 - Inorder Traversel\n0 - Quit\n\nPlease Enter the Choice - "); printf("1 - Input\n2 - Delete\n3 - Inorder Traversel\n0 - Quit\n\nPlease "
"Enter the Choice - ");
scanf("%d", &choice); scanf("%d", &choice);
while(choice){ while (choice)
switch(choice){ {
case 1: switch (choice)
printf("\n\nPlease Enter A Value to insert - "); {
scanf("%d", &scanValue); case 1:
if(root == NULL){ printf("\n\nPlease Enter A Value to insert - ");
root = newNode(scanValue, NULL); scanf("%d", &scanValue);
root->color = 0; if (root == NULL)
} {
else{ root = newNode(scanValue, NULL);
insertNode(scanValue, &root); root->color = 0;
} }
printf("\nSuccessfully Inserted %d in the tree\n\n", scanValue); else
break; {
case 2: insertNode(scanValue, &root);
printf("\n\nPlease Enter A Value to Delete - "); }
scanf("%d", &scanValue); printf("\nSuccessfully Inserted %d in the tree\n\n", scanValue);
deleteNode(scanValue, &root); break;
printf("\nSuccessfully Inserted %d in the tree\n\n", scanValue); case 2:
break; printf("\n\nPlease Enter A Value to Delete - ");
case 3: scanf("%d", &scanValue);
printf("\nInorder Traversel - "); deleteNode(scanValue, &root);
printInorder(root); printf("\nSuccessfully Inserted %d in the tree\n\n", scanValue);
printf("\n\n"); break;
// checkBlack(root,0); case 3:
// printf("\n"); printf("\nInorder Traversel - ");
break; printInorder(root);
default: printf("\n\n");
if(root != NULL){ // checkBlack(root,0);
printf("Root - %d\n", root->val); // printf("\n");
} break;
default:
if (root != NULL)
{
printf("Root - %d\n", root->val);
}
} }
printf("1 - Input\n2 - Delete\n3 - Inorder Traversel\n0 - Quit\n\nPlease Enter the Choice - "); printf("1 - Input\n2 - Delete\n3 - Inorder Traversel\n0 - "
"Quit\n\nPlease Enter the Choice - ");
scanf("%d", &choice); scanf("%d", &choice);
} }
} }
// 32 12 50 53 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 // 32 12 50 53 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

31
data_structures/dictionary/dict.c
View File

@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
#include "dict.h"
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include "dict.h"
/* simple constructor */ /* simple constructor */
Dictionary * create_dict(void) Dictionary *create_dict(void)
{ {
Dictionary * p_dic = malloc(sizeof (Dictionary)); Dictionary *p_dic = malloc(sizeof(Dictionary));
if (p_dic) if (p_dic)
{ {
p_dic->number_of_elements = 0; p_dic->number_of_elements = 0;
@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ Dictionary * create_dict(void)
} }
} }
/* /*
utility function utility function
sdbm hash algorithm sdbm hash algorithm
@ -37,18 +35,18 @@ int get_hash(char s[])
unsigned int hash_code = 0; unsigned int hash_code = 0;
/* iterates over string at each character */ /* iterates over string at each character */
for (int counter = 0; s[counter]!='\0'; counter++) for (int counter = 0; s[counter] != '\0'; counter++)
{ {
/* actual computing of the hash code */ /* actual computing of the hash code */
hash_code = s[counter] + (hash_code << 6) + (hash_code << 16) - hash_code; hash_code =
s[counter] + (hash_code << 6) + (hash_code << 16) - hash_code;
} }
/* % modulo is for fitting the index in array. */ /* % modulo is for fitting the index in array. */
return hash_code % MAXELEMENTS; return hash_code % MAXELEMENTS;
} }
int add_item_label(Dictionary *dic, char label[], void *item)
int add_item_label(Dictionary * dic,char label[],void * item)
{ {
unsigned int index = get_hash(label); unsigned int index = get_hash(label);
@ -63,8 +61,7 @@ int add_item_label(Dictionary * dic,char label[],void * item)
return -1; return -1;
} }
int add_item_index(Dictionary *dic, int index, void *item)
int add_item_index(Dictionary * dic , int index, void * item)
{ {
/* make sure whether this place is already given */ /* make sure whether this place is already given */
if (!dic->elements[index]) if (!dic->elements[index])
@ -77,8 +74,7 @@ int add_item_index(Dictionary * dic , int index, void * item)
return -1; return -1;
} }
void *get_element_label(Dictionary *dict, char s[])
void * get_element_label(Dictionary * dict, char s[])
{ {
int index = get_hash(s); int index = get_hash(s);
if (dict->elements[index]) if (dict->elements[index])
@ -90,8 +86,7 @@ void * get_element_label(Dictionary * dict, char s[])
return NULL; return NULL;
} }
void *get_element_index(Dictionary *dict, int index)
void * get_element_index(Dictionary * dict, int index)
{ {
if (index >= 0 && index < MAXELEMENTS) if (index >= 0 && index < MAXELEMENTS)
{ {
@ -102,8 +97,4 @@ void * get_element_index(Dictionary * dict, int index)
return NULL; return NULL;
} }
void destroy(Dictionary *dict) { free(dict); }
void destroy(Dictionary * dict)
{
free(dict);
}

13
data_structures/dictionary/dict.h
View File

@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ typedef struct Dict
void* array for generic use of the dictionary. void* array for generic use of the dictionary.
there actual saves the entries. there actual saves the entries.
*/ */
void * elements[MAXELEMENTS]; void *elements[MAXELEMENTS];
/* contains the number of elements in this dictionary */ /* contains the number of elements in this dictionary */
int number_of_elements; int number_of_elements;
@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ typedef struct Dict
member field 'number_of_elements' member field 'number_of_elements'
and prepares the inner array 'elements' and prepares the inner array 'elements'
*/ */
Dictionary * create_dict(void); Dictionary *create_dict(void);
/* /*
add_item_label: adds item (void*) to the dictionary at given label add_item_label: adds item (void*) to the dictionary at given label
returns 0 if adding was sucessful otherwise -1 returns 0 if adding was sucessful otherwise -1
*/ */
int add_item_label(Dictionary *,char label[],void *); int add_item_label(Dictionary *, char label[], void *);
/* /*
add_item_index: adds item (void*) to the dictionary at given index (int) add_item_index: adds item (void*) to the dictionary at given index (int)
@ -47,22 +47,19 @@ int add_item_label(Dictionary *,char label[],void *);
*/ */
int add_item_index(Dictionary *, int index, void *); int add_item_index(Dictionary *, int index, void *);
/* /*
get_element: returns the element at given label get_element: returns the element at given label
*/ */
void * get_element_label(Dictionary *, char []); void *get_element_label(Dictionary *, char[]);
/* /*
get_element: returns the element at given index get_element: returns the element at given index
*/ */
void * get_element_index(Dictionary *, int ); void *get_element_index(Dictionary *, int);
/* /*
simple destrcutor function simple destrcutor function
*/ */
void destroy(Dictionary *); void destroy(Dictionary *);
#endif #endif

18
data_structures/dictionary/test_program.c
View File

@ -10,17 +10,16 @@
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
Dictionary * testObj1; Dictionary *testObj1;
Dictionary * testObj2; Dictionary *testObj2;
int value = 28; int value = 28;
testObj1 = create_dict(); testObj1 = create_dict();
testObj2 = create_dict(); testObj2 = create_dict();
add_item_label(testObj1,"age",&value); add_item_label(testObj1, "age", &value);
add_item_label(testObj2,"name","Christian"); add_item_label(testObj2, "name", "Christian");
/* /*
test for function add_item_label test for function add_item_label
@ -29,13 +28,14 @@ int main(void)
The void* pointer must be convert into an int* pointer. The void* pointer must be convert into an int* pointer.
After that you can dereference it. After that you can dereference it.
*/ */
printf("My age is %d\n",*((int *)get_element_label(testObj1,"age"))); printf("My age is %d\n", *((int *)get_element_label(testObj1, "age")));
printf("My name is %s\n",get_element_label(testObj2,"name")); printf("My name is %s\n", get_element_label(testObj2, "name"));
/* test for function add_item_index */ /* test for function add_item_index */
if (!add_item_index(testObj1,0,&value)) if (!add_item_index(testObj1, 0, &value))
{ {
printf("My age at index %d is %d\n",0,*((int *)get_element_index(testObj1,0))); printf("My age at index %d is %d\n", 0,
*((int *)get_element_index(testObj1, 0)));
} }
/* error scenario */ /* error scenario */

15
data_structures/dynamic_array/dynamic_array.c
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "dynamic_array.h" #include "dynamic_array.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
dynamic_array_t *init_dynamic_array() dynamic_array_t *init_dynamic_array()
{ {
@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ dynamic_array_t *init_dynamic_array()
void *add(dynamic_array_t *da, const void *value) void *add(dynamic_array_t *da, const void *value)
{ {
if (da->size >= da->capacity) { if (da->size >= da->capacity)
void **newItems = realloc(da->items, (da->capacity <<= 1) * sizeof(void **)); {
void **newItems =
realloc(da->items, (da->capacity <<= 1) * sizeof(void **));
free(da->items); free(da->items);
da->items = newItems; da->items = newItems;
@ -52,7 +54,8 @@ void delete (dynamic_array_t *da, const unsigned index)
if (!contains(da->size, index)) if (!contains(da->size, index))
return; return;
for (unsigned i = index; i < da->size; i++) { for (unsigned i = index; i < da->size; i++)
{
da->items[i] = da->items[i + 1]; da->items[i] = da->items[i + 1];
} }

3
data_structures/dynamic_array/dynamic_array.h
View File

@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
#define DEFAULT_CAPACITY 1 << 4 #define DEFAULT_CAPACITY 1 << 4
#define INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS NULL #define INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS NULL
typedef struct dynamic_array { typedef struct dynamic_array
{
void **items; void **items;
unsigned size; unsigned size;
unsigned capacity; unsigned capacity;

6
data_structures/dynamic_array/main.c
View File

@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ int main()
{ {
dynamic_array_t *da = init_dynamic_array(); dynamic_array_t *da = init_dynamic_array();
for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++)
{
add(da, &i); add(da, &i);
} }
@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ int main()
add(da, &another_value); add(da, &another_value);
for (int i = 0; i < da->size; i++) { for (int i = 0; i < da->size; i++)
{
printf("value %d\n", *(int *)get(da, i)); printf("value %d\n", *(int *)get(da, i));
} }

173
data_structures/graphs/BFS.c
View File

@ -1,63 +1,64 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 40 #define SIZE 40
//Assume max size of graph is 40 nodes // Assume max size of graph is 40 nodes
struct queue { struct queue
{
int items[SIZE]; int items[SIZE];
int front; int front;
int rear; int rear;
}; };
//Some declarations // Some declarations
struct queue* createQueue(); struct queue *createQueue();
void enqueue(struct queue* q, int); void enqueue(struct queue *q, int);
int dequeue(struct queue* q); int dequeue(struct queue *q);
void display(struct queue* q); void display(struct queue *q);
int isEmpty(struct queue* q); int isEmpty(struct queue *q);
int pollQueue(struct queue* q); int pollQueue(struct queue *q);
//Structure to create a graph node // Structure to create a graph node
struct node struct node
{ {
int vertex; int vertex;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
}; };
struct node* createNode(int); struct node *createNode(int);
//Graph data structure // Graph data structure
struct Graph struct Graph
{ {
int numVertices; int numVertices;
struct node** adjLists; struct node **adjLists;
int* visited; int *visited;
}; };
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices); struct Graph *createGraph(int vertices);
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest); void addEdge(struct Graph *graph, int src, int dest);
void printGraph(struct Graph* graph); void printGraph(struct Graph *graph);
void bfs(struct Graph* graph, int startVertex); void bfs(struct Graph *graph, int startVertex);
int main() int main()
{ {
int vertices,edges,source,i,src,dst; int vertices, edges, source, i, src, dst;
printf("Enter the number of vertices\n"); printf("Enter the number of vertices\n");
scanf("%d",&vertices); scanf("%d", &vertices);
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(vertices); struct Graph *graph = createGraph(vertices);
printf("Enter the number of edges\n"); printf("Enter the number of edges\n");
scanf("%d",&edges); scanf("%d", &edges);
for(i=0; i<edges; i++) for (i = 0; i < edges; i++)
{ {
printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1); printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d",&src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: "); printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst); scanf("%d", &dst);
addEdge(graph, src, dst); addEdge(graph, src, dst);
} }
printf("Enter source of bfs\n"); printf("Enter source of bfs\n");
scanf("%d",&source); scanf("%d", &source);
bfs(graph, source); bfs(graph, source);
//Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example // Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example
/*struct Graph* graph = createGraph(6); /*struct Graph* graph = createGraph(6);
addEdge(graph, 0, 1); addEdge(graph, 0, 1);
addEdge(graph, 0, 2); addEdge(graph, 0, 2);
@ -70,63 +71,68 @@ int main()
return 0; return 0;
} }
void bfs(struct Graph* graph, int startVertex) void bfs(struct Graph *graph, int startVertex)
{ {
struct queue* q = createQueue(); struct queue *q = createQueue();
//Add to visited list and put in queue // Add to visited list and put in queue
graph->visited[startVertex] = 1; graph->visited[startVertex] = 1;
enqueue(q, startVertex); enqueue(q, startVertex);
printf("Breadth first traversal from vertex %d is:\n",startVertex); printf("Breadth first traversal from vertex %d is:\n", startVertex);
//Iterate while queue not empty // Iterate while queue not empty
while(!isEmpty(q)){ while (!isEmpty(q))
printf("%d ",pollQueue(q)); {
printf("%d ", pollQueue(q));
int currentVertex = dequeue(q); int currentVertex = dequeue(q);
struct node* temp = graph->adjLists[currentVertex]; struct node *temp = graph->adjLists[currentVertex];
//Add all unvisited neighbours of current vertex to queue to be printed next // Add all unvisited neighbours of current vertex to queue to be printed
while(temp) { // next
while (temp)
{
int adjVertex = temp->vertex; int adjVertex = temp->vertex;
//Only add if neighbour is unvisited // Only add if neighbour is unvisited
if(graph->visited[adjVertex] == 0){ if (graph->visited[adjVertex] == 0)
{
graph->visited[adjVertex] = 1; graph->visited[adjVertex] = 1;
enqueue(q, adjVertex); enqueue(q, adjVertex);
} }
temp = temp->next; temp = temp->next;
} }
} }
} }
//Memory for a graph node // Memory for a graph node
struct node* createNode(int v) struct node *createNode(int v)
{ {
struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
newNode->vertex = v; newNode->vertex = v;
newNode->next = NULL; newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode; return newNode;
} }
//Allocates memory for graph data structure, in adjacency list format // Allocates memory for graph data structure, in adjacency list format
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices) struct Graph *createGraph(int vertices)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph)); struct Graph *graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
graph->numVertices = vertices; graph->numVertices = vertices;
graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node*)); graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node *));
graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int)); graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int));
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++) { for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++)
{
graph->adjLists[i] = NULL; graph->adjLists[i] = NULL;
graph->visited[i] = 0; graph->visited[i] = 0;
} }
return graph; return graph;
} }
//Adds bidirectional edge to graph // Adds bidirectional edge to graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest) void addEdge(struct Graph *graph, int src, int dest)
{ {
// Add edge from src to dest // Add edge from src to dest
struct node* newNode = createNode(dest); struct node *newNode = createNode(dest);
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src];
graph->adjLists[src] = newNode; graph->adjLists[src] = newNode;
@ -135,54 +141,55 @@ void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest)
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[dest]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[dest];
graph->adjLists[dest] = newNode; graph->adjLists[dest] = newNode;
} }
//Allocates memory for our queue data structure // Allocates memory for our queue data structure
struct queue* createQueue() struct queue *createQueue()
{ {
struct queue* q = malloc(sizeof(struct queue)); struct queue *q = malloc(sizeof(struct queue));
q->front = -1; q->front = -1;
q->rear = -1; q->rear = -1;
return q; return q;
} }
//Checks for empty queue // Checks for empty queue
int isEmpty(struct queue* q) int isEmpty(struct queue *q)
{ {
if(q->rear == -1) if (q->rear == -1)
return 1; return 1;
else else
return 0; return 0;
} }
//Inserts item at start of queue // Inserts item at start of queue
void enqueue(struct queue* q, int value) void enqueue(struct queue *q, int value)
{ {
if(q->rear == SIZE-1) if (q->rear == SIZE - 1)
printf("\nQueue is Full!!"); printf("\nQueue is Full!!");
else { else
if(q->front == -1) {
if (q->front == -1)
q->front = 0; q->front = 0;
q->rear++; q->rear++;
q->items[q->rear] = value; q->items[q->rear] = value;
} }
} }
//Returns item at front of queue and removes it from queue // Returns item at front of queue and removes it from queue
int dequeue(struct queue* q) int dequeue(struct queue *q)
{ {
int item; int item;
if(isEmpty(q)){ if (isEmpty(q))
{
printf("Queue is empty"); printf("Queue is empty");
item = -1; item = -1;
} }
else{ else
{
item = q->items[q->front]; item = q->items[q->front];
q->front++; q->front++;
if(q->front > q->rear){ if (q->front > q->rear)
{
q->front = q->rear = -1; q->front = q->rear = -1;
} }
} }
return item; return item;
} }
//Returns element at front of queue // Returns element at front of queue
int pollQueue(struct queue *q) int pollQueue(struct queue *q) { return q->items[q->front]; }
{
return q->items[q->front];
}

220
data_structures/graphs/Bellman-Ford.c
View File

@ -1,130 +1,140 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <limits.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<limits.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include<string.h> #include <string.h>
//Structure for storing edge // Structure for storing edge
struct Edge{ struct Edge
int src,dst,weight; {
int src, dst, weight;
}; };
//Structure for storing a graph // Structure for storing a graph
struct Graph{ struct Graph
int vertexNum; {
int edgeNum; int vertexNum;
struct Edge* edges; int edgeNum;
struct Edge *edges;
}; };
//Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges // Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges
void createGraph(struct Graph* G,int V,int E){ void createGraph(struct Graph *G, int V, int E)
G->vertexNum = V; {
G->edgeNum = E; G->vertexNum = V;
G->edges = (struct Edge*) malloc(E * sizeof(struct Edge)); G->edgeNum = E;
G->edges = (struct Edge *)malloc(E * sizeof(struct Edge));
} }
//Adds the given edge to the graph // Adds the given edge to the graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* G, int src, int dst, int weight){ void addEdge(struct Graph *G, int src, int dst, int weight)
static int ind; {
struct Edge newEdge; static int ind;
newEdge.src = src; struct Edge newEdge;
newEdge.dst = dst; newEdge.src = src;
newEdge.weight = weight; newEdge.dst = dst;
G->edges[ind++]= newEdge; newEdge.weight = weight;
G->edges[ind++] = newEdge;
} }
// Utility function to find minimum distance vertex in mdist
int minDistance(int mdist[], int vset[], int V)
{
int minVal = INT_MAX, minInd;
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
if (vset[i] == 0 && mdist[i] < minVal)
{
minVal = mdist[i];
minInd = i;
}
//Utility function to find minimum distance vertex in mdist return minInd;
int minDistance(int mdist[], int vset[], int V){
int minVal = INT_MAX, minInd ;
for(int i=0; i<V;i++)
if(vset[i] == 0 && mdist[i] < minVal){
minVal = mdist[i];
minInd = i;
}
return minInd;
} }
//Utility function to print distances // Utility function to print distances
void print(int dist[], int V){ void print(int dist[], int V)
printf("\nVertex Distance\n"); {
for(int i = 0; i < V; i++){ printf("\nVertex Distance\n");
if(dist[i] != INT_MAX) for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
printf("%d\t%d\n",i,dist[i]); {
else if (dist[i] != INT_MAX)
printf("%d\tINF",i); printf("%d\t%d\n", i, dist[i]);
} else
printf("%d\tINF", i);
}
} }
//The main function that finds the shortest path from given source // The main function that finds the shortest path from given source
//to all other vertices using Bellman-Ford.It also detects negative // to all other vertices using Bellman-Ford.It also detects negative
//weight cycle // weight cycle
void BellmanFord(struct Graph* graph, int src){ void BellmanFord(struct Graph *graph, int src)
int V = graph->vertexNum; {
int E = graph->edgeNum; int V = graph->vertexNum;
int dist[V]; int E = graph->edgeNum;
int dist[V];
//Initialize distances array as INF for all except source // Initialize distances array as INF for all except source
//Intialize source as zero // Intialize source as zero
for(int i=0; i<V; i++) for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
dist[i] = INT_MAX; dist[i] = INT_MAX;
dist[src] = 0; dist[src] = 0;
//Calculate shortest path distance from source to all edges // Calculate shortest path distance from source to all edges
//A path can contain maximum (|V|-1) edges // A path can contain maximum (|V|-1) edges
for(int i=0; i<=V-1; i++) for (int i = 0; i <= V - 1; i++)
for(int j = 0; j<E; j++){ for (int j = 0; j < E; j++)
int u = graph->edges[j].src; {
int v = graph->edges[j].dst; int u = graph->edges[j].src;
int w = graph->edges[j].weight; int v = graph->edges[j].dst;
int w = graph->edges[j].weight;
if(dist[u]!=INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v]) if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v])
dist[v] = dist[u] + w; dist[v] = dist[u] + w;
} }
//Iterate inner loop once more to check for negative cycle // Iterate inner loop once more to check for negative cycle
for(int j = 0; j<E; j++){ for (int j = 0; j < E; j++)
int u = graph->edges[j].src; {
int v = graph->edges[j].dst; int u = graph->edges[j].src;
int w = graph->edges[j].weight; int v = graph->edges[j].dst;
int w = graph->edges[j].weight;
if(dist[u]!=INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v]){ if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v])
printf("Graph contains negative weight cycle. Hence, shortest distance not guaranteed."); {
return; printf("Graph contains negative weight cycle. Hence, shortest "
} "distance not guaranteed.");
} return;
}
}
print(dist, V); print(dist, V);
return; return;
} }
// Driver Function
int main()
{
int V, E, gsrc;
int src, dst, weight;
struct Graph G;
printf("Enter number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d", &V);
printf("Enter number of edges: ");
scanf("%d", &E);
createGraph(&G, V, E);
for (int i = 0; i < E; i++)
{
printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d", &dst);
printf("Enter weight: ");
scanf("%d", &weight);
addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
}
printf("\nEnter source:");
scanf("%d", &gsrc);
BellmanFord(&G, gsrc);
return 0;
//Driver Function
int main(){
int V,E,gsrc;
int src,dst,weight;
struct Graph G;
printf("Enter number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d",&V);
printf("Enter number of edges: ");
scanf("%d",&E);
createGraph(&G,V,E);
for(int i=0; i<E; i++){
printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1);
scanf("%d",&src);
printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst);
printf("Enter weight: ");
scanf("%d",&weight);
addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
}
printf("\nEnter source:");
scanf("%d",&gsrc);
BellmanFord(&G,gsrc);
return 0;
} }

132
data_structures/graphs/DFS.c
View File

@ -1,48 +1,50 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
//A vertex of the graph // A vertex of the graph
struct node struct node
{ {
int vertex; int vertex;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
}; };
//Some declarations // Some declarations
struct node* createNode(int v); struct node *createNode(int v);
struct Graph struct Graph
{ {
int numVertices; int numVertices;
int* visited; int *visited;
struct node** adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary, we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists struct node *
*adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary,
// we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists
}; };
struct Graph* createGraph(int); struct Graph *createGraph(int);
void addEdge(struct Graph*, int, int); void addEdge(struct Graph *, int, int);
void printGraph(struct Graph*); void printGraph(struct Graph *);
void dfs(struct Graph*, int); void dfs(struct Graph *, int);
int main() int main()
{ {
int vertices,edges,source,i,src,dst; int vertices, edges, source, i, src, dst;
printf("Enter the number of vertices\n"); printf("Enter the number of vertices\n");
scanf("%d",&vertices); scanf("%d", &vertices);
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(vertices); struct Graph *graph = createGraph(vertices);
printf("Enter the number of edges\n"); printf("Enter the number of edges\n");
scanf("%d",&edges); scanf("%d", &edges);
for(i=0; i<edges; i++) for (i = 0; i < edges; i++)
{ {
printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1); printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d",&src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: "); printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst); scanf("%d", &dst);
addEdge(graph, src, dst); addEdge(graph, src, dst);
} }
printf("Enter source of DFS\n"); printf("Enter source of DFS\n");
scanf("%d",&source); scanf("%d", &source);
printf("DFS from %d is:\n",source); printf("DFS from %d is:\n", source);
dfs(graph, source); dfs(graph, source);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
//Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example // Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example
/*struct Graph* graph = createGraph(4); /*struct Graph* graph = createGraph(4);
addEdge(graph, 0, 1); addEdge(graph, 0, 1);
addEdge(graph, 0, 2); addEdge(graph, 0, 2);
@ -50,58 +52,62 @@ int main()
addEdge(graph, 2, 3); addEdge(graph, 2, 3);
printf("DFS from 0 is:\n"); printf("DFS from 0 is:\n");
dfs(graph,0); dfs(graph,0);
printf("\n");*/ printf("\n");*/
return 0; return 0;
} }
//Recursive dfs approach // Recursive dfs approach
void dfs(struct Graph* graph, int vertex) { void dfs(struct Graph *graph, int vertex)
struct node* adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
struct node* temp = adjList;
//Add vertex to visited list and print it
graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
printf("%d ", vertex);
//Recursively call the dfs function on all unvisited neighbours
while(temp!=NULL) {
int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;
if(graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0) {
dfs(graph, connectedVertex);
}
temp = temp->next;
}
}
//Allocate memory for a node
struct node* createNode(int v)
{ {
struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
struct node *temp = adjList;
// Add vertex to visited list and print it
graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
printf("%d ", vertex);
// Recursively call the dfs function on all unvisited neighbours
while (temp != NULL)
{
int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;
if (graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0)
{
dfs(graph, connectedVertex);
}
temp = temp->next;
}
}
// Allocate memory for a node
struct node *createNode(int v)
{
struct node *newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
newNode->vertex = v; newNode->vertex = v;
newNode->next = NULL; newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode; return newNode;
} }
//Allocate memory for the entire graph structure // Allocate memory for the entire graph structure
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices) struct Graph *createGraph(int vertices)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph)); struct Graph *graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
graph->numVertices = vertices; graph->numVertices = vertices;
graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node*)); graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node *));
graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int)); graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int));
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++) { for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++)
{
graph->adjLists[i] = NULL; graph->adjLists[i] = NULL;
graph->visited[i] = 0; graph->visited[i] = 0;
} }
return graph; return graph;
} }
//Creates a bidirectional graph // Creates a bidirectional graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest) void addEdge(struct Graph *graph, int src, int dest)
{ {
// Add edge from src to dest // Add edge from src to dest
struct node* newNode = createNode(dest); struct node *newNode = createNode(dest);
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src];
graph->adjLists[src] = newNode; graph->adjLists[src] = newNode;
@ -110,13 +116,13 @@ void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest)
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[dest]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[dest];
graph->adjLists[dest] = newNode; graph->adjLists[dest] = newNode;
} }
//Utility function to see state of graph at a given time // Utility function to see state of graph at a given time
void printGraph(struct Graph* graph) void printGraph(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
int v; int v;
for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++) for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++)
{ {
struct node* temp = graph->adjLists[v]; struct node *temp = graph->adjLists[v];
printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v); printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v);
while (temp) while (temp)
{ {

191
data_structures/graphs/Dijkstra.c
View File

@ -1,114 +1,121 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <limits.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<limits.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include<string.h> #include <string.h>
// Structure for storing a graph
//Structure for storing a graph struct Graph
struct Graph{ {
int vertexNum; int vertexNum;
int** edges; int **edges;
}; };
//Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges // Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges
void createGraph(struct Graph* G,int V){ void createGraph(struct Graph *G, int V)
G->vertexNum = V; {
G->edges =(int**) malloc(V * sizeof(int*)); G->vertexNum = V;
for(int i=0; i<V; i++){ G->edges = (int **)malloc(V * sizeof(int *));
G->edges[i] = (int*) malloc(V * sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for(int j=0; j<V; j++) {
G->edges[i][j] = INT_MAX; G->edges[i] = (int *)malloc(V * sizeof(int));
G->edges[i][i] = 0; for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
} G->edges[i][j] = INT_MAX;
G->edges[i][i] = 0;
}
} }
//Adds the given edge to the graph // Adds the given edge to the graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* G, int src, int dst, int weight){ void addEdge(struct Graph *G, int src, int dst, int weight)
G->edges[src][dst] = weight; {
G->edges[src][dst] = weight;
} }
// Utility function to find minimum distance vertex in mdist
int minDistance(int mdist[], int vset[], int V)
{
int minVal = INT_MAX, minInd;
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
if (vset[i] == 0 && mdist[i] < minVal)
{
minVal = mdist[i];
minInd = i;
}
//Utility function to find minimum distance vertex in mdist return minInd;
int minDistance(int mdist[], int vset[], int V){
int minVal = INT_MAX, minInd ;
for(int i=0; i<V;i++)
if(vset[i] == 0 && mdist[i] < minVal){
minVal = mdist[i];
minInd = i;
}
return minInd;
} }
//Utility function to print distances // Utility function to print distances
void print(int dist[], int V){ void print(int dist[], int V)
printf("\nVertex Distance\n"); {
for(int i = 0; i < V; i++){ printf("\nVertex Distance\n");
if(dist[i] != INT_MAX) for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
printf("%d\t%d\n",i,dist[i]); {
else if (dist[i] != INT_MAX)
printf("%d\tINF",i); printf("%d\t%d\n", i, dist[i]);
} else
printf("%d\tINF", i);
}
} }
//The main function that finds the shortest path from given source // The main function that finds the shortest path from given source
//to all other vertices using Dijkstra's Algorithm.It doesn't work on negative // to all other vertices using Dijkstra's Algorithm.It doesn't work on negative
//weights // weights
void Dijkstra(struct Graph* graph, int src){ void Dijkstra(struct Graph *graph, int src)
int V = graph->vertexNum; {
int mdist[V]; //Stores updated distances to vertex int V = graph->vertexNum;
int vset[V]; // vset[i] is true if the vertex i included int mdist[V]; // Stores updated distances to vertex
// in the shortest path tree int vset[V]; // vset[i] is true if the vertex i included
// in the shortest path tree
//Initialise mdist and vset. Set distance of source as zero // Initialise mdist and vset. Set distance of source as zero
for(int i=0; i<V; i++) for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
mdist[i] = INT_MAX, vset[i] = 0; mdist[i] = INT_MAX, vset[i] = 0;
mdist[src] = 0; mdist[src] = 0;
//iterate to find shortest path // iterate to find shortest path
for(int count = 0; count<V-1; count++){ for (int count = 0; count < V - 1; count++)
int u = minDistance(mdist,vset,V); {
vset[u] = 1; int u = minDistance(mdist, vset, V);
vset[u] = 1;
for(int v=0; v<V; v++){ for (int v = 0; v < V; v++)
if(!vset[v] && graph->edges[u][v]!=INT_MAX && mdist[u] + graph->edges[u][v] < mdist[v]) {
mdist[v] = mdist[u] + graph->edges[u][v]; if (!vset[v] && graph->edges[u][v] != INT_MAX &&
mdist[u] + graph->edges[u][v] < mdist[v])
mdist[v] = mdist[u] + graph->edges[u][v];
}
}
} print(mdist, V);
}
print(mdist, V); return;
return;
} }
// Driver Function
int main()
{
int V, E, gsrc;
int src, dst, weight;
struct Graph G;
printf("Enter number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d", &V);
printf("Enter number of edges: ");
scanf("%d", &E);
createGraph(&G, V);
for (int i = 0; i < E; i++)
{
printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d", &dst);
printf("Enter weight: ");
scanf("%d", &weight);
addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
}
printf("\nEnter source:");
scanf("%d", &gsrc);
Dijkstra(&G, gsrc);
return 0;
//Driver Function
int main(){
int V,E,gsrc;
int src,dst,weight;
struct Graph G;
printf("Enter number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d",&V);
printf("Enter number of edges: ");
scanf("%d",&E);
createGraph(&G,V);
for(int i=0; i<E; i++){
printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1);
scanf("%d",&src);
printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst);
printf("Enter weight: ");
scanf("%d",&weight);
addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
}
printf("\nEnter source:");
scanf("%d",&gsrc);
Dijkstra(&G,gsrc);
return 0;
} }

180
data_structures/graphs/Floyd-Warshall.c
View File

@ -1,104 +1,112 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <limits.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<limits.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include<string.h> #include <string.h>
// Structure for storing a graph
//Structure for storing a graph struct Graph
struct Graph{ {
int vertexNum; int vertexNum;
int** edges; int **edges;
}; };
//Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges // Constructs a graph with V vertices and E edges
void createGraph(struct Graph* G,int V){ void createGraph(struct Graph *G, int V)
G->vertexNum = V; {
G->edges =(int**) malloc(V * sizeof(int*)); G->vertexNum = V;
for(int i=0; i<V; i++){ G->edges = (int **)malloc(V * sizeof(int *));
G->edges[i] = (int*) malloc(V * sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for(int j=0; j<V; j++) {
G->edges[i][j] = INT_MAX; G->edges[i] = (int *)malloc(V * sizeof(int));
G->edges[i][i] = 0; for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
} G->edges[i][j] = INT_MAX;
G->edges[i][i] = 0;
}
} }
//Adds the given edge to the graph // Adds the given edge to the graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* G, int src, int dst, int weight){ void addEdge(struct Graph *G, int src, int dst, int weight)
G->edges[src][dst] = weight; {
G->edges[src][dst] = weight;
} }
// Utility function to print distances
void print(int dist[], int V)
{
printf("\nThe Distance matrix for Floyd - Warshall\n");
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
{
//Utility function to print distances if (dist[i * V + j] != INT_MAX)
void print(int dist[], int V){ printf("%d\t", dist[i * V + j]);
printf("\nThe Distance matrix for Floyd - Warshall\n"); else
for(int i = 0; i < V; i++){ printf("INF\t");
for(int j=0; j<V; j++){ }
printf("\n");
if(dist[i*V+j] != INT_MAX) }
printf("%d\t",dist[i*V+j]);
else
printf("INF\t");
}
printf("\n");
}
} }
//The main function that finds the shortest path from a vertex // The main function that finds the shortest path from a vertex
//to all other vertices using Floyd-Warshall Algorithm. // to all other vertices using Floyd-Warshall Algorithm.
void FloydWarshall(struct Graph* graph){ void FloydWarshall(struct Graph *graph)
int V = graph->vertexNum; {
int dist[V][V]; int V = graph->vertexNum;
int dist[V][V];
//Initialise distance array // Initialise distance array
for(int i=0; i<V; i++) for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for(int j=0; j<V; j++) for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
dist[i][j] = graph->edges[i][j]; dist[i][j] = graph->edges[i][j];
// Calculate distances
for (int k = 0; k < V; k++)
// Choose an intermediate vertex
//Calculate distances for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for(int k=0; k<V; k++) // Choose a source vertex for given intermediate
//Choose an intermediate vertex
for(int i=0; i<V; i++) for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
//Choose a source vertex for given intermediate // Choose a destination vertex for above source vertex
for(int j=0; j<V; j++) if (dist[i][k] != INT_MAX && dist[k][j] != INT_MAX &&
//Choose a destination vertex for above source vertex dist[i][k] + dist[k][j] < dist[i][j])
// If the distance through intermediate vertex is less than
// direct edge then update value in distance array
dist[i][j] = dist[i][k] + dist[k][j];
if(dist[i][k] != INT_MAX && dist[k][j] != INT_MAX && dist[i][k] + dist[k][j] < dist[i][j]) // Convert 2d array to 1d array for print
//If the distance through intermediate vertex is less than direct edge then update value in distance array int dist1d[V * V];
dist[i][j] = dist[i][k] + dist[k][j]; for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
dist1d[i * V + j] = dist[i][j];
print(dist1d, V);
//Convert 2d array to 1d array for print }
int dist1d[V*V];
for(int i=0; i<V; i++) // Driver Function
for(int j=0; j<V; j++) int main()
dist1d[i*V+j] = dist[i][j]; {
int V, E;
print(dist1d,V); int src, dst, weight;
} struct Graph G;
printf("Enter number of vertices: ");
//Driver Function scanf("%d", &V);
int main(){ printf("Enter number of edges: ");
int V,E; scanf("%d", &E);
int src,dst,weight; createGraph(&G, V);
struct Graph G; for (int i = 0; i < E; i++)
printf("Enter number of vertices: "); {
scanf("%d",&V); printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
printf("Enter number of edges: "); scanf("%d", &src);
scanf("%d",&E); printf("Enter destination: ");
createGraph(&G,V); scanf("%d", &dst);
for(int i=0; i<E; i++){ printf("Enter weight: ");
printf("\nEdge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1); scanf("%d", &weight);
scanf("%d",&src); addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
printf("Enter destination: "); }
scanf("%d",&dst); FloydWarshall(&G);
printf("Enter weight: ");
scanf("%d",&weight); return 0;
addEdge(&G, src, dst, weight);
}
FloydWarshall(&G);
return 0;
} }

146
data_structures/graphs/Graph.c
View File

@ -2,101 +2,117 @@
// Adjacency Matrix Representation // Adjacency Matrix Representation
#include "Graph.h" #include "Graph.h"
#include <assert.h> #include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct GraphRep { typedef struct GraphRep
int **edges; // adjacency matrix {
int nV; // #vertices int **edges; // adjacency matrix
int nE; // #edges int nV; // #vertices
int nE; // #edges
} GraphRep; } GraphRep;
Graph newGraph(int V) { Graph newGraph(int V)
assert(V >= 0); {
int i; assert(V >= 0);
int i;
Graph g = malloc(sizeof(GraphRep)); Graph g = malloc(sizeof(GraphRep));
assert(g != NULL); assert(g != NULL);
g->nV = V; g->nV = V;
g->nE = 0; g->nE = 0;
// allocate memory for each row // allocate memory for each row
g->edges = malloc(V * sizeof(int *)); g->edges = malloc(V * sizeof(int *));
assert(g->edges != NULL); assert(g->edges != NULL);
// allocate memory for each column and initialise with 0 // allocate memory for each column and initialise with 0
for (i = 0; i < V; i++) { for (i = 0; i < V; i++)
g->edges[i] = calloc(V, sizeof(int)); {
assert(g->edges[i] != NULL); g->edges[i] = calloc(V, sizeof(int));
} assert(g->edges[i] != NULL);
}
return g; return g;
} }
// check if vertex is valid in a graph // check if vertex is valid in a graph
bool validV(Graph g, Vertex v) { bool validV(Graph g, Vertex v) { return (g != NULL && v >= 0 && v < g->nV); }
return (g != NULL && v >= 0 && v < g->nV);
void insertEdge(Graph g, Edge e)
{
assert(g != NULL && validV(g, e.v) && validV(g, e.w));
if (!g->edges[e.v][e.w])
{ // edge e not in graph
g->edges[e.v][e.w] = 1;
g->edges[e.w][e.v] = 1;
g->nE++;
}
} }
void insertEdge(Graph g, Edge e) { void removeEdge(Graph g, Edge e)
assert(g != NULL && validV(g,e.v) && validV(g,e.w)); {
assert(g != NULL && validV(g, e.v) && validV(g, e.w));
if (!g->edges[e.v][e.w]) { // edge e not in graph if (g->edges[e.v][e.w])
g->edges[e.v][e.w] = 1; { // edge e in graph
g->edges[e.w][e.v] = 1; g->edges[e.v][e.w] = 0;
g->nE++; g->edges[e.w][e.v] = 0;
} g->nE--;
}
} }
void removeEdge(Graph g, Edge e) { bool adjacent(Graph g, Vertex v, Vertex w)
assert(g != NULL && validV(g,e.v) && validV(g,e.w)); {
assert(g != NULL && validV(g, v) && validV(g, w));
if (g->edges[e.v][e.w]) { // edge e in graph return (g->edges[v][w] != 0);
g->edges[e.v][e.w] = 0;
g->edges[e.w][e.v] = 0;
g->nE--;
}
} }
bool adjacent(Graph g, Vertex v, Vertex w) { void showGraph(Graph g)
assert(g != NULL && validV(g,v) && validV(g,w)); {
return (g->edges[v][w] != 0);
}
void showGraph(Graph g) {
assert(g != NULL); assert(g != NULL);
int i, j; int i, j;
printf("Number of vertices: %d\n", g->nV); printf("Number of vertices: %d\n", g->nV);
printf("Number of edges: %d\n", g->nE); printf("Number of edges: %d\n", g->nE);
for (i = 0; i < g->nV; i++) for (i = 0; i < g->nV; i++)
for (j = i+1; j < g->nV; j++) for (j = i + 1; j < g->nV; j++)
if (g->edges[i][j]) if (g->edges[i][j])
printf("Edge %d - %d\n", i, j); printf("Edge %d - %d\n", i, j);
} }
void freeGraph(Graph g) { void freeGraph(Graph g)
assert(g != NULL); {
assert(g != NULL);
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < g->nV; i++) for (i = 0; i < g->nV; i++)
free(g->edges[i]); free(g->edges[i]);
free(g->edges); free(g->edges);
free(g); free(g);
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

48
data_structures/graphs/Graph.h
View File

@ -7,31 +7,39 @@ typedef struct GraphRep *Graph;
typedef int Vertex; typedef int Vertex;
// edges are pairs of vertices (end-points) // edges are pairs of vertices (end-points)
typedef struct Edge { typedef struct Edge
Vertex v; {
Vertex w; Vertex v;
Vertex w;
} Edge; } Edge;
Graph newGraph(int); Graph newGraph(int);
void insertEdge(Graph, Edge); void insertEdge(Graph, Edge);
void removeEdge(Graph, Edge); void removeEdge(Graph, Edge);
bool adjacent(Graph, Vertex, Vertex); bool adjacent(Graph, Vertex, Vertex);
void showGraph(Graph); void showGraph(Graph);
void freeGraph(Graph); void freeGraph(Graph);
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

174
data_structures/graphs/bfsQueue.c
View File

@ -1,81 +1,125 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "queue.h"
#include "Graph.h" #include "Graph.h"
#include "queue.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX_NODES 1000 #define MAX_NODES 1000
int visited[MAX_NODES]; // array to store visiting order int visited[MAX_NODES]; // array to store visiting order
// indexed by vertex 0..nV-1 // indexed by vertex 0..nV-1
bool findPathBFS(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest) { bool findPathBFS(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest)
Vertex v; {
for (v = 0; v < nV; v++) Vertex v;
visited[v] = -1; for (v = 0; v < nV; v++)
visited[v] = -1;
visited[src] = src; visited[src] = src;
queue Q = newQueue(); queue Q = newQueue();
QueueEnqueue(Q, src); QueueEnqueue(Q, src);
while (!QueueIsEmpty(Q)) { while (!QueueIsEmpty(Q))
v = QueueDequeue(Q); {
Vertex w; v = QueueDequeue(Q);
for (w = 0; w < nV; w++) Vertex w;
if (adjacent(g, v, w) && visited[w] == -1) { for (w = 0; w < nV; w++)
visited[w] = v; if (adjacent(g, v, w) && visited[w] == -1)
if (w == dest) {
return true; visited[w] = v;
else if (w == dest)
QueueEnqueue(Q, w); return true;
} else
} QueueEnqueue(Q, w);
return false; }
}
return false;
} }
int main(void) { int main(void)
int V = 10; {
Graph g = newGraph(V); int V = 10;
Graph g = newGraph(V);
Edge e; Edge e;
e.v = 0; e.w = 1; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 0; e.w = 2; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 1;
e.v = 0; e.w = 5; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 1; e.w = 5; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 2; e.w = 3; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 2;
e.v = 3; e.w = 4; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 3; e.w = 5; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 3; e.w = 8; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 5;
e.v = 4; e.w = 5; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4; e.w = 7; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 1;
e.v = 4; e.w = 8; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 5;
e.v = 5; e.w = 6; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 7; e.w = 8; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 2;
e.v = 7; e.w = 9; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 3;
e.v = 8; e.w = 9; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 3;
e.w = 4;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 3;
e.w = 5;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 3;
e.w = 8;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4;
e.w = 5;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4;
e.w = 7;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4;
e.w = 8;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 5;
e.w = 6;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 7;
e.w = 8;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 7;
e.w = 9;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 8;
e.w = 9;
insertEdge(g, e);
int src = 0, dest = 6; int src = 0, dest = 6;
if (findPathBFS(g, V, src, dest)) { if (findPathBFS(g, V, src, dest))
Vertex v = dest; {
while (v != src) { Vertex v = dest;
printf("%d - ", v); while (v != src)
v = visited[v]; {
} printf("%d - ", v);
printf("%d\n", src); v = visited[v];
} }
return 0; printf("%d\n", src);
}
return 0;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

144
data_structures/graphs/dfsRecursive.c
View File

@ -1,74 +1,104 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "Graph.h" #include "Graph.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX_NODES 1000 #define MAX_NODES 1000
int visited[MAX_NODES]; // array to store visiting order int visited[MAX_NODES]; // array to store visiting order
// indexed by vertex 0..nV-1 // indexed by vertex 0..nV-1
bool dfsPathCheck(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex dest) { bool dfsPathCheck(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex dest)
Vertex w; {
for (w = 0; w < nV; w++) Vertex w;
if (adjacent(g, v, w) && visited[w] == -1) { for (w = 0; w < nV; w++)
visited[w] = v; if (adjacent(g, v, w) && visited[w] == -1)
if (w == dest) {
return true; visited[w] = v;
else if (dfsPathCheck(g, nV, w, dest)) if (w == dest)
return true; return true;
} else if (dfsPathCheck(g, nV, w, dest))
return false; return true;
}
return false;
} }
bool findPathDFS(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest) { bool findPathDFS(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest)
Vertex v; {
for (v = 0; v < nV; v++) Vertex v;
visited[v] = -1; for (v = 0; v < nV; v++)
visited[src] = src; visited[v] = -1;
return dfsPathCheck(g, nV, src, dest); visited[src] = src;
return dfsPathCheck(g, nV, src, dest);
} }
int main(void) { int main(void)
int V = 6; {
Graph g = newGraph(V); int V = 6;
Graph g = newGraph(V);
Edge e; Edge e;
e.v = 0; e.w = 1; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 0; e.w = 4; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 1;
e.v = 0; e.w = 5; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 5; e.w = 4; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 4; e.w = 2; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 4;
e.v = 4; e.w = 3; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 5; e.w = 3; insertEdge(g, e); e.v = 0;
e.v = 1; e.w = 2; insertEdge(g, e); e.w = 5;
e.v = 3; e.w = 2; insertEdge(g, e); insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 5;
e.w = 4;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4;
e.w = 2;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 4;
e.w = 3;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 5;
e.w = 3;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 1;
e.w = 2;
insertEdge(g, e);
e.v = 3;
e.w = 2;
insertEdge(g, e);
int src = 0, dest = 5; int src = 0, dest = 5;
if (findPathDFS(g, V, src, dest)) { if (findPathDFS(g, V, src, dest))
Vertex v = dest; {
while (v != src) { Vertex v = dest;
printf("%d - ", v); while (v != src)
v = visited[v]; {
} printf("%d - ", v);
printf("%d\n", src); v = visited[v];
} }
return 0; printf("%d\n", src);
}
return 0;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

135
data_structures/graphs/euler.c
View File

@ -1,82 +1,95 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "Graph.h" #include "Graph.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Return the number of vertices that v is // Return the number of vertices that v is
// connected to // connected to
int degree(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v) { int degree(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v)
int deg = 0; {
Vertex w; int deg = 0;
for (w = 0; w < nV; w++) Vertex w;
if (adjacent(g, v, w)) for (w = 0; w < nV; w++)
deg++; if (adjacent(g, v, w))
return deg; deg++;
return deg;
} }
// If start from vertex v, decide if the // If start from vertex v, decide if the
// graph has euler path // graph has euler path
bool hasEulerPath(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex w) { bool hasEulerPath(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex w)
if (v != w) { {
if (degree(g, nV, v) % 2 == 0 || degree(g, nV, w) % 2 == 0) if (v != w)
return false; {
} else if (degree(g, nV, v) % 2 != 0) { if (degree(g, nV, v) % 2 == 0 || degree(g, nV, w) % 2 == 0)
return false; return false;
} }
Vertex x; else if (degree(g, nV, v) % 2 != 0)
for (x = 0; x < nV; x++) {
if (x != v && x != w && degree(g, nV, x) % 2 != 0) return false;
return false; }
return true; Vertex x;
for (x = 0; x < nV; x++)
if (x != v && x != w && degree(g, nV, x) % 2 != 0)
return false;
return true;
} }
int main(void) { int main(void)
Edge e; {
int n; Edge e;
int n;
printf("Enter the number of vertices: "); printf("Enter the number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d", &n); scanf("%d", &n);
Graph g = newGraph(n); Graph g = newGraph(n);
Vertex src, dest; Vertex src, dest;
printf("Enter source node: "); printf("Enter source node: ");
scanf("%d", &src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination node: "); printf("Enter destination node: ");
scanf("%d", &dest); scanf("%d", &dest);
printf("Enter an edge (from): "); printf("Enter an edge (from): ");
while (scanf("%d", &e.v) == 1) { while (scanf("%d", &e.v) == 1)
printf("Enter an edge (to): "); {
scanf("%d", &e.w); printf("Enter an edge (to): ");
insertEdge(g, e); scanf("%d", &e.w);
printf("Enter an edge (from): "); insertEdge(g, e);
} printf("Enter an edge (from): ");
printf("Finished.\n"); }
printf("Finished.\n");
printf("The graph has "); printf("The graph has ");
if (hasEulerPath(g, n, src, dest)) if (hasEulerPath(g, n, src, dest))
printf("an"); printf("an");
else else
printf("no"); printf("no");
printf(" Euler path from %d to %d.\n", src, dest); printf(" Euler path from %d to %d.\n", src, dest);
freeGraph(g); freeGraph(g);
return 0; return 0;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

147
data_structures/graphs/hamiltonian.c
View File

@ -1,87 +1,104 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "Graph.h" #include "Graph.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX_NODES 1000 #define MAX_NODES 1000
bool visited[MAX_NODES]; bool visited[MAX_NODES];
bool hamiltonR(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex dest, int d) { bool hamiltonR(Graph g, int nV, Vertex v, Vertex dest, int d)
// v = current vertex considered {
// dest = destination vertex // v = current vertex considered
// d = distance "remaining" until path found // dest = destination vertex
// d = distance "remaining" until path found
Vertex w; Vertex w;
if (v == dest) { if (v == dest)
return (d == 0); {
} else { return (d == 0);
visited[v] = true; }
for (w = 0; w < nV; w++) { else
if (adjacent(g, v, w) && !visited[w]) { {
if (hamiltonR(g, nV, w, dest, d-1)) { visited[v] = true;
return true; for (w = 0; w < nV; w++)
} {
} if (adjacent(g, v, w) && !visited[w])
} {
} if (hamiltonR(g, nV, w, dest, d - 1))
visited[v] = false; {
return false; return true;
}
}
}
}
visited[v] = false;
return false;
} }
bool hasHamiltonianPath(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest) { bool hasHamiltonianPath(Graph g, int nV, Vertex src, Vertex dest)
Vertex v; {
for (v = 0; v < nV; v++) Vertex v;
visited[v] = false; for (v = 0; v < nV; v++)
return hamiltonR(g, nV, src, dest, nV-1); visited[v] = false;
return hamiltonR(g, nV, src, dest, nV - 1);
} }
int main(void) { int main(void)
Edge e; {
int n; Edge e;
int n;
printf("Enter the number of vertices: "); printf("Enter the number of vertices: ");
scanf("%d", &n); scanf("%d", &n);
Graph g = newGraph(n); Graph g = newGraph(n);
Vertex src, dest; Vertex src, dest;
printf("Enter source node: "); printf("Enter source node: ");
scanf("%d", &src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination node: "); printf("Enter destination node: ");
scanf("%d", &dest); scanf("%d", &dest);
printf("Enter an edge (from): "); printf("Enter an edge (from): ");
while (scanf("%d", &e.v) == 1) { while (scanf("%d", &e.v) == 1)
printf("Enter an edge (to): "); {
scanf("%d", &e.w); printf("Enter an edge (to): ");
insertEdge(g, e); scanf("%d", &e.w);
printf("Enter an edge (from): "); insertEdge(g, e);
} printf("Enter an edge (from): ");
printf("Finished.\n"); }
printf("Finished.\n");
printf("The graph has "); printf("The graph has ");
if (hasHamiltonianPath(g, n, src, dest)) if (hasHamiltonianPath(g, n, src, dest))
printf("a"); printf("a");
else else
printf("no"); printf("no");
printf(" Hamiltonian path from %d to %d.\n", src, dest); printf(" Hamiltonian path from %d to %d.\n", src, dest);
freeGraph(g); freeGraph(g);
return 0; return 0;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

234
data_structures/graphs/kruskal.c
View File

@ -7,183 +7,181 @@
// a structure to represent a weighted edge in graph // a structure to represent a weighted edge in graph
struct Edge struct Edge
{ {
int src, dest, weight; int src, dest, weight;
}; };
// a structure to represent a connected, undirected // a structure to represent a connected, undirected
// and weighted graph // and weighted graph
struct Graph struct Graph
{ {
// V-> Number of vertices, E-> Number of edges // V-> Number of vertices, E-> Number of edges
int V, E; int V, E;
// graph is represented as an array of edges. // graph is represented as an array of edges.
// Since the graph is undirected, the edge // Since the graph is undirected, the edge
// from src to dest is also edge from dest // from src to dest is also edge from dest
// to src. Both are counted as 1 edge here. // to src. Both are counted as 1 edge here.
struct Edge* edge; struct Edge *edge;
}; };
// Creates a graph with V vertices and E edges // Creates a graph with V vertices and E edges
struct Graph* createGraph(int V, int E) struct Graph *createGraph(int V, int E)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = new Graph(); struct Graph *graph = new Graph();
graph->V = V; graph->V = V;
graph->E = E; graph->E = E;
graph->edge = new Edge[E]; graph->edge = new Edge[E];
return graph; return graph;
} }
// A structure to represent a subset for union-find // A structure to represent a subset for union-find
struct subset struct subset
{ {
int parent; int parent;
int rank; int rank;
}; };
// A utility function to find set of an element i // A utility function to find set of an element i
// (uses path compression technique) // (uses path compression technique)
int find(struct subset subsets[], int i) int find(struct subset subsets[], int i)
{ {
// find root and make root as parent of i // find root and make root as parent of i
// (path compression) // (path compression)
if (subsets[i].parent != i) if (subsets[i].parent != i)
subsets[i].parent = find(subsets, subsets[i].parent); subsets[i].parent = find(subsets, subsets[i].parent);
return subsets[i].parent; return subsets[i].parent;
} }
// A function that does union of two sets of x and y // A function that does union of two sets of x and y
// (uses union by rank) // (uses union by rank)
void Union(struct subset subsets[], int x, int y) void Union(struct subset subsets[], int x, int y)
{ {
int xroot = find(subsets, x); int xroot = find(subsets, x);
int yroot = find(subsets, y); int yroot = find(subsets, y);
// Attach smaller rank tree under root of high // Attach smaller rank tree under root of high
// rank tree (Union by Rank) // rank tree (Union by Rank)
if (subsets[xroot].rank < subsets[yroot].rank) if (subsets[xroot].rank < subsets[yroot].rank)
subsets[xroot].parent = yroot; subsets[xroot].parent = yroot;
else if (subsets[xroot].rank > subsets[yroot].rank) else if (subsets[xroot].rank > subsets[yroot].rank)
subsets[yroot].parent = xroot; subsets[yroot].parent = xroot;
// If ranks are same, then make one as root and // If ranks are same, then make one as root and
// increment its rank by one // increment its rank by one
else else
{ {
subsets[yroot].parent = xroot; subsets[yroot].parent = xroot;
subsets[xroot].rank++; subsets[xroot].rank++;
} }
} }
// Compare two edges according to their weights. // Compare two edges according to their weights.
// Used in qsort() for sorting an array of edges // Used in qsort() for sorting an array of edges
int myComp(const void* a, const void* b) int myComp(const void *a, const void *b)
{ {
struct Edge* a1 = (struct Edge*)a; struct Edge *a1 = (struct Edge *)a;
struct Edge* b1 = (struct Edge*)b; struct Edge *b1 = (struct Edge *)b;
return a1->weight > b1->weight; return a1->weight > b1->weight;
} }
// The main function to construct MST using Kruskal's algorithm // The main function to construct MST using Kruskal's algorithm
void KruskalMST(struct Graph* graph) void KruskalMST(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
int V = graph->V; int V = graph->V;
struct Edge result[V]; // Tnis will store the resultant MST struct Edge result[V]; // Tnis will store the resultant MST
int e = 0; // An index variable, used for result[] int e = 0; // An index variable, used for result[]
int i = 0; // An index variable, used for sorted edges int i = 0; // An index variable, used for sorted edges
// Step 1: Sort all the edges in non-decreasing // Step 1: Sort all the edges in non-decreasing
// order of their weight. If we are not allowed to // order of their weight. If we are not allowed to
// change the given graph, we can create a copy of // change the given graph, we can create a copy of
// array of edges // array of edges
qsort(graph->edge, graph->E, sizeof(graph->edge[0]), myComp); qsort(graph->edge, graph->E, sizeof(graph->edge[0]), myComp);
// Allocate memory for creating V ssubsets // Allocate memory for creating V ssubsets
struct subset *subsets = struct subset *subsets = (struct subset *)malloc(V * sizeof(struct subset));
(struct subset*) malloc( V * sizeof(struct subset) );
// Create V subsets with single elements // Create V subsets with single elements
for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v) for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v)
{ {
subsets[v].parent = v; subsets[v].parent = v;
subsets[v].rank = 0; subsets[v].rank = 0;
} }
// Number of edges to be taken is equal to V-1 // Number of edges to be taken is equal to V-1
while (e < V - 1 && i < graph->E) while (e < V - 1 && i < graph->E)
{ {
// Step 2: Pick the smallest edge. And increment // Step 2: Pick the smallest edge. And increment
// the index for next iteration // the index for next iteration
struct Edge next_edge = graph->edge[i++]; struct Edge next_edge = graph->edge[i++];
int x = find(subsets, next_edge.src); int x = find(subsets, next_edge.src);
int y = find(subsets, next_edge.dest); int y = find(subsets, next_edge.dest);
// If including this edge does't cause cycle, // If including this edge does't cause cycle,
// include it in result and increment the index // include it in result and increment the index
// of result for next edge // of result for next edge
if (x != y) if (x != y)
{ {
result[e++] = next_edge; result[e++] = next_edge;
Union(subsets, x, y); Union(subsets, x, y);
} }
// Else discard the next_edge // Else discard the next_edge
} }
// print the contents of result[] to display the // print the contents of result[] to display the
// built MST // built MST
printf("Following are the edges in the constructed MST\n"); printf("Following are the edges in the constructed MST\n");
for (i = 0; i < e; ++i) for (i = 0; i < e; ++i)
printf("%d -- %d == %d\n", result[i].src, result[i].dest, printf("%d -- %d == %d\n", result[i].src, result[i].dest,
result[i].weight); result[i].weight);
return; return;
} }
// Driver program to test above functions // Driver program to test above functions
int main() int main()
{ {
/* Let us create following weighted graph /* Let us create following weighted graph
10 10
0--------1 0--------1
| \ | | \ |
6| 5\ |15 6| 5\ |15
| \ | | \ |
2--------3 2--------3
4 */ 4 */
int V = 4; // Number of vertices in graph int V = 4; // Number of vertices in graph
int E = 5; // Number of edges in graph int E = 5; // Number of edges in graph
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(V, E); struct Graph *graph = createGraph(V, E);
// add edge 0-1
graph->edge[0].src = 0;
graph->edge[0].dest = 1;
graph->edge[0].weight = 10;
// add edge 0-1 // add edge 0-2
graph->edge[0].src = 0; graph->edge[1].src = 0;
graph->edge[0].dest = 1; graph->edge[1].dest = 2;
graph->edge[0].weight = 10; graph->edge[1].weight = 6;
// add edge 0-2 // add edge 0-3
graph->edge[1].src = 0; graph->edge[2].src = 0;
graph->edge[1].dest = 2; graph->edge[2].dest = 3;
graph->edge[1].weight = 6; graph->edge[2].weight = 5;
// add edge 0-3 // add edge 1-3
graph->edge[2].src = 0; graph->edge[3].src = 1;
graph->edge[2].dest = 3; graph->edge[3].dest = 3;
graph->edge[2].weight = 5; graph->edge[3].weight = 15;
// add edge 1-3 // add edge 2-3
graph->edge[3].src = 1; graph->edge[4].src = 2;
graph->edge[3].dest = 3; graph->edge[4].dest = 3;
graph->edge[3].weight = 15; graph->edge[4].weight = 4;
// add edge 2-3 KruskalMST(graph);
graph->edge[4].src = 2;
graph->edge[4].dest = 3;
graph->edge[4].weight = 4;
KruskalMST(graph); return 0;
return 0;
} }

140
data_structures/graphs/queue.c
View File

@ -1,88 +1,104 @@
// Queue ADT implementation ... COMP2521 // Queue ADT implementation ... COMP2521
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "queue.h" #include "queue.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct node { typedef struct node
int data; {
struct node *next; int data;
struct node *next;
} NodeT; } NodeT;
typedef struct QueueRep { typedef struct QueueRep
int length; {
NodeT *head; int length;
NodeT *tail; NodeT *head;
NodeT *tail;
} QueueRep; } QueueRep;
// set up empty queue // set up empty queue
queue newQueue() { queue newQueue()
queue Q = malloc(sizeof(QueueRep)); {
Q->length = 0; queue Q = malloc(sizeof(QueueRep));
Q->head = NULL; Q->length = 0;
Q->tail = NULL; Q->head = NULL;
return Q; Q->tail = NULL;
return Q;
} }
// remove unwanted queue // remove unwanted queue
void dropQueue(queue Q) { void dropQueue(queue Q)
NodeT *curr = Q->head; {
while (curr != NULL) { NodeT *curr = Q->head;
NodeT *temp = curr->next; while (curr != NULL)
free(curr); {
curr = temp; NodeT *temp = curr->next;
} free(curr);
free(Q); curr = temp;
}
free(Q);
} }
// check whether queue is empty // check whether queue is empty
int QueueIsEmpty(queue Q) { int QueueIsEmpty(queue Q) { return (Q->length == 0); }
return (Q->length == 0);
}
// insert an int at end of queue // insert an int at end of queue
void QueueEnqueue(queue Q, int v) { void QueueEnqueue(queue Q, int v)
NodeT *new = malloc(sizeof(NodeT)); {
assert(new != NULL); NodeT *new = malloc(sizeof(NodeT));
new->data = v; assert(new != NULL);
new->next = NULL; new->data = v;
if (Q->tail != NULL) { new->next = NULL;
Q->tail->next = new; if (Q->tail != NULL)
Q->tail = new; {
} else { Q->tail->next = new;
Q->head = new; Q->tail = new;
Q->tail = new; }
} else
Q->length++; {
Q->head = new;
Q->tail = new;
}
Q->length++;
} }
// remove int from front of queue // remove int from front of queue
int QueueDequeue(queue Q) { int QueueDequeue(queue Q)
assert(Q->length > 0); {
NodeT *p = Q->head; assert(Q->length > 0);
Q->head = Q->head->next; NodeT *p = Q->head;
if (Q->head == NULL) { Q->head = Q->head->next;
Q->tail = NULL; if (Q->head == NULL)
} {
Q->length--; Q->tail = NULL;
int d = p->data; }
free(p); Q->length--;
return d; int d = p->data;
free(p);
return d;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

41
data_structures/graphs/queue.h
View File

@ -2,25 +2,32 @@
typedef struct QueueRep *queue; typedef struct QueueRep *queue;
queue newQueue(); // set up empty queue queue newQueue(); // set up empty queue
void dropQueue(queue); // remove unwanted queue void dropQueue(queue); // remove unwanted queue
int QueueIsEmpty(queue); // check whether queue is empty int QueueIsEmpty(queue); // check whether queue is empty
void QueueEnqueue(queue, int); // insert an int at end of queue void QueueEnqueue(queue, int); // insert an int at end of queue
int QueueDequeue(queue); // remove int from front of queue int QueueDequeue(queue); // remove int from front of queue
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

266
data_structures/graphs/strongly_connected_components.c
View File

@ -1,59 +1,61 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 40//Assume 40 nodes at max in graph #define MAX_SIZE 40 // Assume 40 nodes at max in graph
#define INT_MIN 0 #define INT_MIN 0
//A vertex of the graph // A vertex of the graph
struct node struct node
{ {
int vertex; int vertex;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
}; };
//Some declarations // Some declarations
struct node* createNode(int v); struct node *createNode(int v);
struct Graph struct Graph
{ {
int numVertices; int numVertices;
int* visited; int *visited;
struct node** adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary, we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists struct node *
*adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary,
// we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists
}; };
//Structure to create a stack, necessary for topological sorting // Structure to create a stack, necessary for topological sorting
struct Stack struct Stack
{ {
int arr[MAX_SIZE]; int arr[MAX_SIZE];
int top; int top;
}; };
struct Graph* createGraph(int); struct Graph *createGraph(int);
void addEdge(struct Graph*, int, int); void addEdge(struct Graph *, int, int);
void printGraph(struct Graph*); void printGraph(struct Graph *);
struct Graph* transpose(struct Graph*); struct Graph *transpose(struct Graph *);
void fillOrder(int,struct Graph*, struct Stack*); void fillOrder(int, struct Graph *, struct Stack *);
void scc(struct Graph*); void scc(struct Graph *);
void dfs(struct Graph*, int); void dfs(struct Graph *, int);
struct Stack* createStack(); struct Stack *createStack();
void push(struct Stack*, int); void push(struct Stack *, int);
int pop(struct Stack*); int pop(struct Stack *);
int main() int main()
{ {
int vertices,edges,i,src,dst; int vertices, edges, i, src, dst;
printf("Enter the number of vertices\n"); printf("Enter the number of vertices\n");
scanf("%d",&vertices); scanf("%d", &vertices);
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(vertices); struct Graph *graph = createGraph(vertices);
printf("Enter the number of edges\n"); printf("Enter the number of edges\n");
scanf("%d",&edges); scanf("%d", &edges);
for(i=0; i<edges; i++) for (i = 0; i < edges; i++)
{ {
printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1); printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d",&src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: "); printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst); scanf("%d", &dst);
addEdge(graph, src, dst); addEdge(graph, src, dst);
} }
printf("The strongly connected conponents are:\n"); printf("The strongly connected conponents are:\n");
scc(graph); scc(graph);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
//Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example // Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example
/*struct Graph* graph2 = createGraph(4); /*struct Graph* graph2 = createGraph(4);
addEdge(graph2, 0, 1); addEdge(graph2, 0, 1);
addEdge(graph2, 1, 2); addEdge(graph2, 1, 2);
@ -61,127 +63,134 @@ int main()
addEdge(graph2, 2, 3); addEdge(graph2, 2, 3);
printf("The strongly connected components are:\n"); printf("The strongly connected components are:\n");
scc(graph2); scc(graph2);
printf("\n");*/ printf("\n");*/
return 0; return 0;
} }
//Creates a topological sorting of the graph // Creates a topological sorting of the graph
void fillOrder(int vertex, struct Graph* graph, struct Stack* stack) void fillOrder(int vertex, struct Graph *graph, struct Stack *stack)
{ {
graph->visited[vertex]=1; graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
struct node* adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex]; struct node *adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
struct node* temp = adjList; struct node *temp = adjList;
//First add all dependents (that is, children) to stack // First add all dependents (that is, children) to stack
while(temp!=NULL) { while (temp != NULL)
{
int connectedVertex = temp->vertex; int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;
if(graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0) { if (graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0)
fillOrder(connectedVertex, graph, stack); {
} fillOrder(connectedVertex, graph, stack);
temp=temp->next; }
temp = temp->next;
} }
//and then add itself // and then add itself
push(stack,vertex); push(stack, vertex);
} }
//Transpose the adjacency list // Transpose the adjacency list
struct Graph* transpose(struct Graph* g) struct Graph *transpose(struct Graph *g)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(g->numVertices);//Number of vertices is same struct Graph *graph =
int i=0; createGraph(g->numVertices); // Number of vertices is same
for(i=0;i<g->numVertices;i++) int i = 0;
{ for (i = 0; i < g->numVertices; i++)
struct node* temp=g->adjLists[i]; {
while(temp!=NULL) struct node *temp = g->adjLists[i];
{ while (temp != NULL)
addEdge(graph,temp->vertex,i);//Reverse all edges {
temp=temp->next; addEdge(graph, temp->vertex, i); // Reverse all edges
} temp = temp->next;
} }
return graph; }
return graph;
} }
//Recursive dfs aproach // Recursive dfs aproach
void dfs(struct Graph* graph, int vertex) { void dfs(struct Graph *graph, int vertex)
struct node* adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex]; {
struct node* temp = adjList; struct node *adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
struct node *temp = adjList;
//Add vertex to visited list and print it // Add vertex to visited list and print it
graph->visited[vertex] = 1; graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
printf("%d ", vertex); printf("%d ", vertex);
//Recursively call the dfs function on all unvisited neighbours // Recursively call the dfs function on all unvisited neighbours
while(temp!=NULL) { while (temp != NULL)
{
int connectedVertex = temp->vertex; int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;
if(graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0) { if (graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0)
dfs(graph, connectedVertex); {
dfs(graph, connectedVertex);
} }
temp = temp->next; temp = temp->next;
} }
} }
//Strongly connected components // Strongly connected components
void scc(struct Graph* graph) void scc(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
//Step I: Create a topological sort of the graph and store it in a stack // Step I: Create a topological sort of the graph and store it in a stack
struct Stack* stack=createStack(); struct Stack *stack = createStack();
int i=0; int i = 0;
for(i=0;i<graph->numVertices;i++) for (i = 0; i < graph->numVertices; i++)
{ {
//Execute topological sort on all elements // Execute topological sort on all elements
if(graph->visited[i]==0) if (graph->visited[i] == 0)
{ {
fillOrder(i,graph,stack); fillOrder(i, graph, stack);
} }
} }
//Step 2: Get the transpose graph // Step 2: Get the transpose graph
struct Graph* graphT=transpose(graph); struct Graph *graphT = transpose(graph);
//Step 3: Perform a simple dfs by popping nodes from stack // Step 3: Perform a simple dfs by popping nodes from stack
while(stack->top!=-1) while (stack->top != -1)
{ {
int v=pop(stack); int v = pop(stack);
if(graphT->visited[v]==0) if (graphT->visited[v] == 0)
{ {
dfs(graphT,v); dfs(graphT, v);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
} }
} }
//Allocate memory for a node // Allocate memory for a node
struct node* createNode(int v) struct node *createNode(int v)
{ {
struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
newNode->vertex = v; newNode->vertex = v;
newNode->next = NULL; newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode; return newNode;
} }
//Allocate memory for the entire graph structure // Allocate memory for the entire graph structure
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices) struct Graph *createGraph(int vertices)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph)); struct Graph *graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
graph->numVertices = vertices; graph->numVertices = vertices;
graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node*)); graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node *));
graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int)); graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int));
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++) { for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++)
{
graph->adjLists[i] = NULL; graph->adjLists[i] = NULL;
graph->visited[i] = 0; graph->visited[i] = 0;
} }
return graph; return graph;
} }
//Creates a unidirectional graph // Creates a unidirectional graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest) void addEdge(struct Graph *graph, int src, int dest)
{ {
// Add edge from src to dest // Add edge from src to dest
struct node* newNode = createNode(dest); struct node *newNode = createNode(dest);
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src];
graph->adjLists[src] = newNode; graph->adjLists[src] = newNode;
} }
//Utility function to see state of graph at a given time // Utility function to see state of graph at a given time
void printGraph(struct Graph* graph) void printGraph(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
int v; int v;
for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++) for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++)
{ {
struct node* temp = graph->adjLists[v]; struct node *temp = graph->adjLists[v];
printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v); printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v);
while (temp) while (temp)
{ {
@ -191,23 +200,24 @@ void printGraph(struct Graph* graph)
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
} }
//Creates a stack // Creates a stack
struct Stack* createStack() struct Stack *createStack()
{ {
struct Stack* stack=malloc(sizeof(struct Stack)); struct Stack *stack = malloc(sizeof(struct Stack));
stack->top=-1; stack->top = -1;
return stack; return stack;
} }
//Pushes element into stack // Pushes element into stack
void push(struct Stack* stack,int element) void push(struct Stack *stack, int element)
{ {
stack->arr[++stack->top]=element;//Increment then add, as we start from -1 stack->arr[++stack->top] =
element; // Increment then add, as we start from -1
} }
//Removes element from stack, or returns INT_MIN if stack empty // Removes element from stack, or returns INT_MIN if stack empty
int pop(struct Stack* stack) int pop(struct Stack *stack)
{ {
if(stack->top==-1) if (stack->top == -1)
return INT_MIN; return INT_MIN;
else else
return stack->arr[stack->top--]; return stack->arr[stack->top--];
} }

189
data_structures/graphs/topologicalSort.c
View File

@ -1,57 +1,59 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 40//Assume 40 nodes at max in graph #define MAX_SIZE 40 // Assume 40 nodes at max in graph
#define INT_MIN 0 #define INT_MIN 0
//A vertex of the graph // A vertex of the graph
struct node struct node
{ {
int vertex; int vertex;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
}; };
//Some declarations // Some declarations
struct node* createNode(int v); struct node *createNode(int v);
struct Graph struct Graph
{ {
int numVertices; int numVertices;
int* visited; int *visited;
struct node** adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary, we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists struct node *
*adjLists; // we need int** to store a two dimensional array. Similary,
// we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists
}; };
//Structure to create a stack, necessary for topological sorting // Structure to create a stack, necessary for topological sorting
struct Stack struct Stack
{ {
int arr[MAX_SIZE]; int arr[MAX_SIZE];
int top; int top;
}; };
struct Graph* createGraph(int); struct Graph *createGraph(int);
void addEdge(struct Graph*, int, int); void addEdge(struct Graph *, int, int);
void printGraph(struct Graph*); void printGraph(struct Graph *);
void topologicalSortHelper(int,struct Graph*, struct Stack*); void topologicalSortHelper(int, struct Graph *, struct Stack *);
void topologicalSort(struct Graph*); void topologicalSort(struct Graph *);
struct Stack* createStack(); struct Stack *createStack();
void push(struct Stack*, int); void push(struct Stack *, int);
int pop(struct Stack*); int pop(struct Stack *);
int main() int main()
{ {
int vertices,edges,i,src,dst; int vertices, edges, i, src, dst;
printf("Enter the number of vertices\n"); printf("Enter the number of vertices\n");
scanf("%d",&vertices); scanf("%d", &vertices);
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(vertices); struct Graph *graph = createGraph(vertices);
printf("Enter the number of edges\n"); printf("Enter the number of edges\n");
scanf("%d",&edges); scanf("%d", &edges);
for(i=0; i<edges; i++) for (i = 0; i < edges; i++)
{ {
printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ",i+1); printf("Edge %d \nEnter source: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d",&src); scanf("%d", &src);
printf("Enter destination: "); printf("Enter destination: ");
scanf("%d",&dst); scanf("%d", &dst);
addEdge(graph, src, dst); addEdge(graph, src, dst);
} }
printf("One topological sort order is:\n"); printf("One topological sort order is:\n");
topologicalSort(graph); topologicalSort(graph);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
//Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example // Uncomment below part to get a ready-made example
/*struct Graph* graph2 = createGraph(4); /*struct Graph* graph2 = createGraph(4);
addEdge(graph2, 0, 1); addEdge(graph2, 0, 1);
addEdge(graph2, 0, 2); addEdge(graph2, 0, 2);
@ -59,81 +61,84 @@ int main()
addEdge(graph2, 2, 3); addEdge(graph2, 2, 3);
printf("One topological sort is:\n"); printf("One topological sort is:\n");
topologicalSort(graph2); topologicalSort(graph2);
printf("\n");*/ printf("\n");*/
return 0; return 0;
} }
void topologicalSortHelper(int vertex, struct Graph* graph, struct Stack* stack) void topologicalSortHelper(int vertex, struct Graph *graph, struct Stack *stack)
{ {
graph->visited[vertex]=1; graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
struct node* adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex]; struct node *adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
struct node* temp = adjList; struct node *temp = adjList;
//First add all dependents (that is, children) to stack // First add all dependents (that is, children) to stack
while(temp!=NULL) { while (temp != NULL)
{
int connectedVertex = temp->vertex; int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;
if(graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0) { if (graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0)
topologicalSortHelper(connectedVertex, graph, stack); {
} topologicalSortHelper(connectedVertex, graph, stack);
temp=temp->next; }
temp = temp->next;
} }
//and then add itself // and then add itself
push(stack,vertex); push(stack, vertex);
} }
//Recursive topologial sort approach // Recursive topologial sort approach
void topologicalSort(struct Graph* graph) void topologicalSort(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
struct Stack* stack=createStack(); struct Stack *stack = createStack();
int i=0; int i = 0;
for(i=0;i<graph->numVertices;i++) for (i = 0; i < graph->numVertices; i++)
{ {
//Execute topological sort on all elements // Execute topological sort on all elements
if(graph->visited[i]==0) if (graph->visited[i] == 0)
{ {
topologicalSortHelper(i,graph,stack); topologicalSortHelper(i, graph, stack);
} }
} }
while(stack->top!=-1) while (stack->top != -1)
printf("%d ",pop(stack)); printf("%d ", pop(stack));
} }
//Allocate memory for a node // Allocate memory for a node
struct node* createNode(int v) struct node *createNode(int v)
{ {
struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
newNode->vertex = v; newNode->vertex = v;
newNode->next = NULL; newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode; return newNode;
} }
//Allocate memory for the entire graph structure // Allocate memory for the entire graph structure
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices) struct Graph *createGraph(int vertices)
{ {
struct Graph* graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph)); struct Graph *graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
graph->numVertices = vertices; graph->numVertices = vertices;
graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node*)); graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node *));
graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int)); graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int));
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++) { for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++)
{
graph->adjLists[i] = NULL; graph->adjLists[i] = NULL;
graph->visited[i] = 0; graph->visited[i] = 0;
} }
return graph; return graph;
} }
//Creates a unidirectional graph // Creates a unidirectional graph
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest) void addEdge(struct Graph *graph, int src, int dest)
{ {
// Add edge from src to dest // Add edge from src to dest
struct node* newNode = createNode(dest); struct node *newNode = createNode(dest);
newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src]; newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src];
graph->adjLists[src] = newNode; graph->adjLists[src] = newNode;
} }
//Utility function to see state of graph at a given time // Utility function to see state of graph at a given time
void printGraph(struct Graph* graph) void printGraph(struct Graph *graph)
{ {
int v; int v;
for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++) for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++)
{ {
struct node* temp = graph->adjLists[v]; struct node *temp = graph->adjLists[v];
printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v); printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v);
while (temp) while (temp)
{ {
@ -143,24 +148,24 @@ void printGraph(struct Graph* graph)
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
} }
//Creates a stack // Creates a stack
struct Stack* createStack() struct Stack *createStack()
{ {
struct Stack* stack=malloc(sizeof(struct Stack)); struct Stack *stack = malloc(sizeof(struct Stack));
stack->top=-1; stack->top = -1;
return stack; return stack;
} }
//Pushes element into stack // Pushes element into stack
void push(struct Stack* stack,int element) void push(struct Stack *stack, int element)
{ {
stack->arr[++stack->top]=element;//Increment then add, as we start from -1 stack->arr[++stack->top] =
element; // Increment then add, as we start from -1
} }
//Removes element from stack, or returns INT_MIN if stack empty // Removes element from stack, or returns INT_MIN if stack empty
int pop(struct Stack* stack) int pop(struct Stack *stack)
{ {
if(stack->top==-1) if (stack->top == -1)
return INT_MIN; return INT_MIN;
else else
return stack->arr[stack->top--]; return stack->arr[stack->top--];
} }

79
data_structures/graphs/transitiveClosure.c
View File

@ -1,48 +1,61 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define NODES 4 #define NODES 4
int digraph[NODES][NODES]={ {0,1,1,1}, {1,0,1,0}, {0,1,0,0}, {0,0,0,0} }; int digraph[NODES][NODES] = {
{0, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}};
int tc[NODES][NODES]; int tc[NODES][NODES];
void warshall() { void warshall()
int i, s, t; {
for (s = 0; s < NODES; s++) int i, s, t;
for (t = 0; t < NODES; t++) for (s = 0; s < NODES; s++)
tc[s][t] = digraph[s][t]; for (t = 0; t < NODES; t++)
tc[s][t] = digraph[s][t];
for (i = 0; i < NODES; i++) for (i = 0; i < NODES; i++)
for (s = 0; s < NODES; s++) for (s = 0; s < NODES; s++)
for (t = 0; t < NODES; t++) for (t = 0; t < NODES; t++)
if (tc[s][i] && tc[i][t]) if (tc[s][i] && tc[i][t])
tc[s][t] = 1; tc[s][t] = 1;
} }
int main(void) { int main(void)
warshall(); {
int i, j; warshall();
for (i = 0; i < NODES; i++) { int i, j;
for (j = 0; j < NODES; j++) { for (i = 0; i < NODES; i++)
printf("%d ", tc[i][j]); {
} for (j = 0; j < NODES; j++)
putchar('\n'); {
} printf("%d ", tc[i][j]);
return 0; }
putchar('\n');
}
return 0;
} }
// By // By
// .----------------. .----------------. .----------------. .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------. // .----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | // .-----------------. .----------------. .----------------.
// | | _________ | || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____ | || | ____ | | // | .--------------. || .--------------. || .--------------. ||
// | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \ | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | // .--------------. | | .--------------. || .--------------. | | | _________ |
// | | |_/ | | \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | | |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | // || | _____ _____ | || | __ | || | ____ _____ | | | | ____ ____
// | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || | / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | | // | || | ____ | | | | | _ _ | | || ||_ _||_ _|| || | / \
// | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_ | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | // | || ||_ \|_ _| | | | | |_ || _| | || | .' `. | | | | |_/ | |
// | | |_____| | || | `.__.' | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.' | | // \_| | || | | | | | | || | / /\ \ | || | | \ | | | | | | |
// | | | || | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | // |__| | | || | / .--. \ | | | | | | | || | | ' ' | | || |
// | '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------' | // / ____ \ | || | | |\ \| | | | | | | __ | | || | | | | | | |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' '----------------' // | | _| |_ | || | \ `--' / | || | _/ / \ \_ | || | _| |_\ |_
// | | | | _| | | |_ | || | \ `--' / | | | | |_____| | || | `.__.'
// | || ||____| |____|| || ||_____|\____| | | | | |____||____| | || | `.____.'
// | | | | | || | | || | | || | | | | |
// | || | | | | '--------------' || '--------------' ||
// '--------------' || '--------------' | | '--------------' || '--------------'
// |
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// '----------------' '----------------' '----------------'
// Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au // Email : z5261243@unsw.edu.au
// hhoanhtuann@gmail.com // hhoanhtuann@gmail.com

27
data_structures/hash_set/hash_set.c
View File

@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ unsigned add(hash_set_t *set, void *value)
unsigned put(hash_set_t *set, long long hash, void *value) unsigned put(hash_set_t *set, long long hash, void *value)
{ {
if (contains_hash(set, hash)) { if (contains_hash(set, hash))
if (set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash, set->capacity)] == value) { {
if (set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash, set->capacity)] == value)
{
return 0; return 0;
} }
@ -40,7 +42,10 @@ unsigned put(hash_set_t *set, long long hash, void *value)
int contains(hash_set_t *set, void *value) int contains(hash_set_t *set, void *value)
{ {
return set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(value), set->capacity)] == value ? 1 : 0; return set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(value), set->capacity)] ==
value
? 1
: 0;
} }
int contains_hash(hash_set_t *set, long long hash) int contains_hash(hash_set_t *set, long long hash)
@ -48,11 +53,11 @@ int contains_hash(hash_set_t *set, long long hash)
return set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash, set->capacity)] ? 1 : 0; return set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash, set->capacity)] ? 1 : 0;
} }
void delete(hash_set_t *set, void *value) { void delete (hash_set_t *set, void *value)
{
set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(value), set->capacity)] = NULL; set->keys[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(value), set->capacity)] = NULL;
} }
// adler_32 hash // adler_32 hash
long long hash(void *value) long long hash(void *value)
{ {
@ -62,7 +67,8 @@ long long hash(void *value)
int b = 0; int b = 0;
const int MODADLER = 65521; const int MODADLER = 65521;
for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) { for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
a = (a + str[i]) % MODADLER; a = (a + str[i]) % MODADLER;
b = (b + a) % MODADLER; b = (b + a) % MODADLER;
} }
@ -79,14 +85,17 @@ void resize(hash_set_t *set)
{ {
void **keys_resized = calloc((set->capacity <<= 1), sizeof(void **)); void **keys_resized = calloc((set->capacity <<= 1), sizeof(void **));
for (int i = 0; i < set->length; i++) { for (int i = 0; i < set->length; i++)
keys_resized[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(set->values[i]), set->capacity)] = set->values[i]; {
keys_resized[retrieve_index_from_hash(hash(set->values[i]),
set->capacity)] = set->values[i];
} }
free(set->keys); free(set->keys);
set->keys = keys_resized; set->keys = keys_resized;
void **new_values = (void **)realloc(set->values, set->capacity * sizeof(void **)); void **new_values =
(void **)realloc(set->values, set->capacity * sizeof(void **));
set->values = new_values; set->values = new_values;
} }

8
data_structures/hash_set/hash_set.h
View File

@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
#define DEFAULT_HASH_SET_CAPACITY 1 << 10 #define DEFAULT_HASH_SET_CAPACITY 1 << 10
typedef struct { typedef struct
{
unsigned capacity; unsigned capacity;
unsigned length; unsigned length;
void **values; void **values;
@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ extern int contains(hash_set_t *set, void *value);
int contains_hash(hash_set_t *set, long long hash); int contains_hash(hash_set_t *set, long long hash);
extern void delete(hash_set_t *set, void *value); extern void delete (hash_set_t *set, void *value);
extern long long hash(void *value); extern long long hash(void *value);
extern unsigned retrieve_index_from_hash(const long long hash, const unsigned capacity); extern unsigned retrieve_index_from_hash(const long long hash,
const unsigned capacity);
extern void resize(hash_set_t *set); extern void resize(hash_set_t *set);

2
data_structures/hash_set/main.c
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main()
printf("contains %d ? %d\n", v7, contains(set, &v7)); printf("contains %d ? %d\n", v7, contains(set, &v7));
delete(set, &v6); delete (set, &v6);
printf("contains %d ? %d\n", v6, contains(set, &v6)); printf("contains %d ? %d\n", v6, contains(set, &v6));

242
data_structures/heap/max_heap.c
View File

@ -1,122 +1,148 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct max_heap{ typedef struct max_heap
int *p; {
int size; int *p;
int count; int size;
}Heap; int count;
} Heap;
Heap* create_heap(Heap* heap); /*Creates a max_heap structure and returns a pointer to the struct*/ Heap *create_heap(Heap *heap); /*Creates a max_heap structure and returns a
void down_heapify(Heap* heap, int index);/*Pushes an element downwards in the heap to find its correct position*/ pointer to the struct*/
void up_heapify(Heap* heap, int index);/*Pushes an element upwards in the heap to find its correct position*/ void down_heapify(Heap *heap, int index); /*Pushes an element downwards in the
void push(Heap* heap, int x);/*Inserts an element in the heap*/ heap to find its correct position*/
void pop(Heap* heap);/*Removes the top element from the heap*/ void up_heapify(Heap *heap, int index); /*Pushes an element upwards in the heap
int top(Heap* heap);/*Returns the top element of the heap or returns INT_MIN if heap is empty*/ to find its correct position*/
int empty(Heap* heap);/*Checks if heap is empty*/ void push(Heap *heap, int x); /*Inserts an element in the heap*/
int size(Heap* heap);/*Returns the size of heap*/ void pop(Heap *heap); /*Removes the top element from the heap*/
int top(Heap *heap); /*Returns the top element of the heap or returns INT_MIN if
heap is empty*/
int empty(Heap *heap); /*Checks if heap is empty*/
int size(Heap *heap); /*Returns the size of heap*/
int main(){ int main()
Heap* head = create_heap(head); {
push(head, 10); Heap *head = create_heap(head);
printf("Pushing element : 10\n"); push(head, 10);
push(head, 3); printf("Pushing element : 10\n");
printf("Pushing element : 3\n"); push(head, 3);
push(head, 2); printf("Pushing element : 3\n");
printf("Pushing element : 2\n"); push(head, 2);
push(head, 8); printf("Pushing element : 2\n");
printf("Pushing element : 8\n"); push(head, 8);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Pushing element : 8\n");
push(head, 1); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Pushing element : 1\n"); push(head, 1);
push(head, 7); printf("Pushing element : 1\n");
printf("Pushing element : 7\n"); push(head, 7);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Pushing element : 7\n");
pop(head); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Popping an element.\n"); pop(head);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Popping an element.\n");
pop(head); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Popping an element.\n"); pop(head);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Popping an element.\n");
printf("\n"); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
return 0; printf("\n");
return 0;
} }
Heap* create_heap(Heap* heap){ Heap *create_heap(Heap *heap)
heap = (Heap *)malloc(sizeof(Heap)); {
heap->size = 1; heap = (Heap *)malloc(sizeof(Heap));
heap->p = (int *)malloc(heap->size*sizeof(int)); heap->size = 1;
heap->count = 0; heap->p = (int *)malloc(heap->size * sizeof(int));
return heap; heap->count = 0;
return heap;
} }
void down_heapify(Heap* heap, int index){ void down_heapify(Heap *heap, int index)
if(index>=heap->count)return; {
int left = index*2+1; if (index >= heap->count)
int right = index*2+2; return;
int leftflag = 0, rightflag = 0; int left = index * 2 + 1;
int right = index * 2 + 2;
int leftflag = 0, rightflag = 0;
int maximum = *((heap->p)+index); int maximum = *((heap->p) + index);
if(left<heap->count && maximum<*((heap->p)+left)){ if (left < heap->count && maximum < *((heap->p) + left))
maximum = *((heap->p)+left); {
leftflag = 1; maximum = *((heap->p) + left);
} leftflag = 1;
if(right<heap->count && maximum<*((heap->p)+right)){ }
maximum = *((heap->p)+right); if (right < heap->count && maximum < *((heap->p) + right))
leftflag = 0; {
rightflag = 1; maximum = *((heap->p) + right);
} leftflag = 0;
if(leftflag){ rightflag = 1;
*((heap->p)+left) = *((heap->p)+index); }
*((heap->p)+index) = maximum; if (leftflag)
down_heapify(heap, left); {
} *((heap->p) + left) = *((heap->p) + index);
if(rightflag){ *((heap->p) + index) = maximum;
*((heap->p)+right) = *((heap->p)+index); down_heapify(heap, left);
*((heap->p)+index) = maximum; }
down_heapify(heap, right); if (rightflag)
} {
*((heap->p) + right) = *((heap->p) + index);
*((heap->p) + index) = maximum;
down_heapify(heap, right);
}
} }
void up_heapify(Heap* heap, int index){ void up_heapify(Heap *heap, int index)
int parent = (index-1)/2; {
if(parent<0)return; int parent = (index - 1) / 2;
if(*((heap->p)+index)>*((heap->p)+parent)){ if (parent < 0)
int temp = *((heap->p)+index); return;
*((heap->p)+index) = *((heap->p)+parent); if (*((heap->p) + index) > *((heap->p) + parent))
*((heap->p)+parent) = temp; {
up_heapify(heap, parent); int temp = *((heap->p) + index);
} *((heap->p) + index) = *((heap->p) + parent);
*((heap->p) + parent) = temp;
up_heapify(heap, parent);
}
} }
void push(Heap* heap, int x){ void push(Heap *heap, int x)
if(heap->count>=heap->size)return; {
*((heap->p)+heap->count) = x; if (heap->count >= heap->size)
heap->count++; return;
if(4*heap->count >= 3*heap->size){ *((heap->p) + heap->count) = x;
heap->size *= 2; heap->count++;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size)*sizeof(int)); if (4 * heap->count >= 3 * heap->size)
} {
up_heapify(heap, heap->count - 1); heap->size *= 2;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size) * sizeof(int));
}
up_heapify(heap, heap->count - 1);
} }
void pop(Heap* heap){ void pop(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count==0)return; {
heap->count--; if (heap->count == 0)
int temp = *((heap->p)+heap->count); return;
*((heap->p)+heap->count) = *(heap->p); heap->count--;
*(heap->p) = temp; int temp = *((heap->p) + heap->count);
down_heapify(heap, 0); *((heap->p) + heap->count) = *(heap->p);
if(4*heap->count<=heap->size){ *(heap->p) = temp;
heap->size /= 2; down_heapify(heap, 0);
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size)*sizeof(int)); if (4 * heap->count <= heap->size)
} {
heap->size /= 2;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size) * sizeof(int));
}
} }
int top(Heap* heap){ int top(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count!=0)return *(heap->p); {
else return INT_MIN; if (heap->count != 0)
return *(heap->p);
else
return INT_MIN;
} }
int empty(Heap* heap){ int empty(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count!=0)return 0; {
else return 1; if (heap->count != 0)
} return 0;
int size(Heap* heap){ else
return heap->count; return 1;
} }
int size(Heap *heap) { return heap->count; }

242
data_structures/heap/min_heap.c
View File

@ -1,122 +1,148 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct min_heap{ typedef struct min_heap
int *p; {
int size; int *p;
int count; int size;
}Heap; int count;
} Heap;
Heap* create_heap(Heap* heap); /*Creates a min_heap structure and returns a pointer to the struct*/ Heap *create_heap(Heap *heap); /*Creates a min_heap structure and returns a
void down_heapify(Heap* heap, int index);/*Pushes an element downwards in the heap to find its correct position*/ pointer to the struct*/
void up_heapify(Heap* heap, int index);/*Pushes an element upwards in the heap to find its correct position*/ void down_heapify(Heap *heap, int index); /*Pushes an element downwards in the
void push(Heap* heap, int x);/*Inserts an element in the heap*/ heap to find its correct position*/
void pop(Heap* heap);/*Removes the top element from the heap*/ void up_heapify(Heap *heap, int index); /*Pushes an element upwards in the heap
int top(Heap* heap);/*Returns the top element of the heap or returns INT_MIN if heap is empty*/ to find its correct position*/
int empty(Heap* heap);/*Checks if heap is empty*/ void push(Heap *heap, int x); /*Inserts an element in the heap*/
int size(Heap* heap);/*Returns the size of heap*/ void pop(Heap *heap); /*Removes the top element from the heap*/
int top(Heap *heap); /*Returns the top element of the heap or returns INT_MIN if
heap is empty*/
int empty(Heap *heap); /*Checks if heap is empty*/
int size(Heap *heap); /*Returns the size of heap*/
int main(){ int main()
Heap* head = create_heap(head); {
push(head, 10); Heap *head = create_heap(head);
printf("Pushing element : 10\n"); push(head, 10);
push(head, 3); printf("Pushing element : 10\n");
printf("Pushing element : 3\n"); push(head, 3);
push(head, 2); printf("Pushing element : 3\n");
printf("Pushing element : 2\n"); push(head, 2);
push(head, 8); printf("Pushing element : 2\n");
printf("Pushing element : 8\n"); push(head, 8);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Pushing element : 8\n");
push(head, 1); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Pushing element : 1\n"); push(head, 1);
push(head, 7); printf("Pushing element : 1\n");
printf("Pushing element : 7\n"); push(head, 7);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Pushing element : 7\n");
pop(head); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Popping an element.\n"); pop(head);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Popping an element.\n");
pop(head); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
printf("Popping an element.\n"); pop(head);
printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head)); printf("Popping an element.\n");
printf("\n"); printf("Top element = %d \n", top(head));
return 0; printf("\n");
return 0;
} }
Heap* create_heap(Heap* heap){ Heap *create_heap(Heap *heap)
heap = (Heap *)malloc(sizeof(Heap)); {
heap->size = 1; heap = (Heap *)malloc(sizeof(Heap));
heap->p = (int *)malloc(heap->size*sizeof(int)); heap->size = 1;
heap->count = 0; heap->p = (int *)malloc(heap->size * sizeof(int));
return heap; heap->count = 0;
return heap;
} }
void down_heapify(Heap* heap, int index){ void down_heapify(Heap *heap, int index)
if(index>=heap->count)return; {
int left = index*2+1; if (index >= heap->count)
int right = index*2+2; return;
int leftflag = 0, rightflag = 0; int left = index * 2 + 1;
int right = index * 2 + 2;
int leftflag = 0, rightflag = 0;
int minimum = *((heap->p)+index); int minimum = *((heap->p) + index);
if(left<heap->count && minimum>*((heap->p)+left)){ if (left < heap->count && minimum > *((heap->p) + left))
minimum = *((heap->p)+left); {
leftflag = 1; minimum = *((heap->p) + left);
} leftflag = 1;
if(right<heap->count && minimum>*((heap->p)+right)){ }
minimum = *((heap->p)+right); if (right < heap->count && minimum > *((heap->p) + right))
leftflag = 0; {
rightflag = 1; minimum = *((heap->p) + right);
} leftflag = 0;
if(leftflag){ rightflag = 1;
*((heap->p)+left) = *((heap->p)+index); }
*((heap->p)+index) = minimum; if (leftflag)
down_heapify(heap, left); {
} *((heap->p) + left) = *((heap->p) + index);
if(rightflag){ *((heap->p) + index) = minimum;
*((heap->p)+right) = *((heap->p)+index); down_heapify(heap, left);
*((heap->p)+index) = minimum; }
down_heapify(heap, right); if (rightflag)
} {
*((heap->p) + right) = *((heap->p) + index);
*((heap->p) + index) = minimum;
down_heapify(heap, right);
}
} }
void up_heapify(Heap* heap, int index){ void up_heapify(Heap *heap, int index)
int parent = (index-1)/2; {
if(parent<0)return; int parent = (index - 1) / 2;
if(*((heap->p)+index)<*((heap->p)+parent)){ if (parent < 0)
int temp = *((heap->p)+index); return;
*((heap->p)+index) = *((heap->p)+parent); if (*((heap->p) + index) < *((heap->p) + parent))
*((heap->p)+parent) = temp; {
up_heapify(heap, parent); int temp = *((heap->p) + index);
} *((heap->p) + index) = *((heap->p) + parent);
*((heap->p) + parent) = temp;
up_heapify(heap, parent);
}
} }
void push(Heap* heap, int x){ void push(Heap *heap, int x)
if(heap->count>=heap->size)return; {
*((heap->p)+heap->count) = x; if (heap->count >= heap->size)
heap->count++; return;
if(4*heap->count >= 3*heap->size){ *((heap->p) + heap->count) = x;
heap->size *= 2; heap->count++;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size)*sizeof(int)); if (4 * heap->count >= 3 * heap->size)
} {
up_heapify(heap, heap->count - 1); heap->size *= 2;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size) * sizeof(int));
}
up_heapify(heap, heap->count - 1);
} }
void pop(Heap* heap){ void pop(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count==0)return; {
heap->count--; if (heap->count == 0)
int temp = *((heap->p)+heap->count); return;
*((heap->p)+heap->count) = *(heap->p); heap->count--;
*(heap->p) = temp; int temp = *((heap->p) + heap->count);
down_heapify(heap, 0); *((heap->p) + heap->count) = *(heap->p);
if(4*heap->count<=heap->size){ *(heap->p) = temp;
heap->size /= 2; down_heapify(heap, 0);
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size)*sizeof(int)); if (4 * heap->count <= heap->size)
} {
heap->size /= 2;
(heap->p) = (int *)realloc((heap->p), (heap->size) * sizeof(int));
}
} }
int top(Heap* heap){ int top(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count!=0)return *(heap->p); {
else return INT_MIN; if (heap->count != 0)
return *(heap->p);
else
return INT_MIN;
} }
int empty(Heap* heap){ int empty(Heap *heap)
if(heap->count!=0)return 0; {
else return 1; if (heap->count != 0)
} return 0;
int size(Heap* heap){ else
return heap->count; return 1;
} }
int size(Heap *heap) { return heap->count; }

309
data_structures/linked_list/ascendingpriorityqueue.c
View File

@ -1,185 +1,182 @@
/* Ascending priority queue using Linked List - Program to implement Ascending priority queue using Linked List */ /* Ascending priority queue using Linked List - Program to implement Ascending
* priority queue using Linked List */
/*A priority queue is a special type of queue in which each element is associated with a priority and is served according /*A priority queue is a special type of queue in which each element is
to its priority. If elements with the same priority occur, they are served according to their order in the queue. associated with a priority and is served according to its priority. If elements
with the same priority occur, they are served according to their order in the
queue.
Generally, the value of the element itself is considered for assigning the priority. Generally, the value of the element itself is considered for assigning the
priority.
For example: The element with the highest value is considered as the highest priority element. However, in other cases, For example: The element with the highest value is considered as the highest
we can assume the element with the lowest value as the highest priority element. In other cases, priority element. However, in other cases, we can assume the element with the
we can set priorities according to our needs. lowest value as the highest priority element. In other cases, we can set
priorities according to our needs.
In a queue, the first-in-first-out rule is implemented whereas, in a priority queue, the values are removed on the basis of priority. In a queue, the first-in-first-out rule is implemented whereas, in a priority
The element with the highest priority is removed first. queue, the values are removed on the basis of priority. The element with the
highest priority is removed first.
insert() - Would insert an element in a queue insert() - Would insert an element in a queue
delete() - Would delete the smallest element in the queue delete() - Would delete the smallest element in the queue
*/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define NULL ((void *)0)
#include <stdio.h> struct node
#include <stdlib.h>
#define NULL ((void*)0)
struct node
{ {
int data ; int data;
struct node *next ; struct node *next;
} ; };
struct node *front , *rear ; struct node *front, *rear;
/* This function initializes the queue to empty by making both front and rear as NULL */ /* This function initializes the queue to empty by making both front and rear as
void createqueue() * NULL */
void createqueue() { front = rear = NULL; }
int empty()
{ {
front=rear=NULL ; if (front == NULL)
return 1;
else
return 0;
} }
int empty() void insert(int x)
{ {
if(front==NULL) struct node *pnode;
return 1 ;
else
return 0 ;
}
void insert(int x) pnode = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
{ if (pnode == NULL)
struct node *pnode ;
pnode=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)) ;
if(pnode==NULL)
{
printf("Memory overflow. Unable to insert.\n") ;
exit(1) ;
}
pnode->data=x ;
pnode->next=NULL; /* New node is always last node */
if(empty())
front=rear=pnode ;
else
{
rear->next=pnode ;
rear=pnode ;
}
}
int removes()
{
int min ;
struct node *follow , *follow1 , *p , *p1 ;
if(empty())
{
printf("\nQueue Underflow. Unable to remove.") ;
exit(1) ;
}
/* finding the node with minimum value in the APQ.*/
p=p1=front ;
follow=follow1=NULL ;
min=front->data ;
while(p!=NULL)
{
if(p->data<min)
{ {
min=p->data ; printf("Memory overflow. Unable to insert.\n");
follow1=follow ; exit(1);
p1=p ;
}
follow=p ;
p=p->next ;
}
/* Deleting the node with min value */
if(p1==front) /* deleting first node.*/
{
front=front->next ;
if(front==NULL) /* Deleting the only one node */
rear=NULL ;
}
else if(p1==rear) /* Deleting last node */
{
rear=follow1 ;
rear->next=NULL ;
}
else /* deleting any other node.*/
follow1->next=p1->next ;
free(p1) ;
return min ; /* DONT FORGET LAST 2 STATEMENTS.*/
}
void show()
{
struct node *p ;
if(empty())
printf("Queue empty. No data to display \n") ;
else
{
printf("Queue from front to rear is as shown: \n") ;
p=front ;
while(p!=NULL)
{
printf("%d ",p->data) ;
p=p->next ;
} }
printf("\n") ; pnode->data = x;
} pnode->next = NULL; /* New node is always last node */
}
void destroyqueue() if (empty())
{ front = rear = pnode;
front=rear=NULL ; else
}
int main()
{
int x , ch ;
createqueue() ;
do
{
printf("\n\n Menu: \n") ;
printf("1:Insert \n") ;
printf("2:Remove \n") ;
printf("3:exit \n") ;
printf("Enter your choice: ") ;
scanf("%d",&ch) ;
switch(ch)
{ {
case 1: rear->next = pnode;
printf("Enter element to be inserted: ") ; rear = pnode;
scanf("%d",&x) ;
insert(x) ;
show() ;
break ;
case 2:
x=removes() ;
printf("Element removed is: %d\n",x) ;
show() ;
break ;
case 3:
break ;
} }
} }
while(ch!=3) ;
destroyqueue() ; int removes()
{
int min;
struct node *follow, *follow1, *p, *p1;
return 0; if (empty())
{
printf("\nQueue Underflow. Unable to remove.");
exit(1);
}
/* finding the node with minimum value in the APQ.*/
p = p1 = front;
follow = follow1 = NULL;
min = front->data;
while (p != NULL)
{
if (p->data < min)
{
min = p->data;
follow1 = follow;
p1 = p;
}
follow = p;
p = p->next;
}
/* Deleting the node with min value */
if (p1 == front) /* deleting first node.*/
{
front = front->next;
if (front == NULL) /* Deleting the only one node */
rear = NULL;
}
else if (p1 == rear) /* Deleting last node */
{
rear = follow1;
rear->next = NULL;
}
else /* deleting any other node.*/
follow1->next = p1->next;
free(p1);
return min; /* DONT FORGET LAST 2 STATEMENTS.*/
}
void show()
{
struct node *p;
if (empty())
printf("Queue empty. No data to display \n");
else
{
printf("Queue from front to rear is as shown: \n");
p = front;
while (p != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void destroyqueue() { front = rear = NULL; }
int main()
{
int x, ch;
createqueue();
do
{
printf("\n\n Menu: \n");
printf("1:Insert \n");
printf("2:Remove \n");
printf("3:exit \n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter element to be inserted: ");
scanf("%d", &x);
insert(x);
show();
break;
case 2:
x = removes();
printf("Element removed is: %d\n", x);
show();
break;
case 3:
break;
}
} while (ch != 3);
destroyqueue();
return 0;
} }
/* Output of the Program*/ /* Output of the Program*/

144
data_structures/linked_list/merge_linked_lists.c
View File

@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
struct node{ struct node
int data; {
struct node *next; int data;
struct node *next;
}; };
struct node *head1 = NULL; struct node *head1 = NULL;
@ -12,37 +13,44 @@ struct node *head2 = NULL;
void merge() void merge()
{ {
struct node *temp1 = head1; struct node *temp1 = head1;
struct node *temp2 = head2; struct node *temp2 = head2;
struct node *holder1 = NULL; struct node *holder1 = NULL;
struct node *holder2 = NULL; struct node *holder2 = NULL;
//Temporary pointer variables to store the address of next node of the two input linked list // Temporary pointer variables to store the address of next node of the two
// input linked list
while(temp1!=NULL && temp2!=NULL) while (temp1 != NULL && temp2 != NULL)
{ {
holder1 = temp1 -> next; holder1 = temp1->next;
//Storing the address of next node of first linked list // Storing the address of next node of first linked list
temp1->next=temp2; temp1->next = temp2;
//Making the first node of first linked list point to first node of second linked list // Making the first node of first linked list point to first node of
// second linked list
if(holder1!=NULL) { if (holder1 != NULL)
//Making the first node of second linked list point to second node of first linked list {
holder2 = temp2 -> next; // Making the first node of second linked list point to second node
temp2 -> next = holder1; // of first linked list
} holder2 = temp2->next;
temp1=holder1; temp2->next = holder1;
temp2=holder2; }
//Updating the address location of two pointer variables temp1 and temp2 temp1 = holder1;
} temp2 = holder2;
// Updating the address location of two pointer variables temp1 and
// temp2
}
} }
void printlist(struct node *temp){ void printlist(struct node *temp)
printf("%d",temp->data); {
temp=temp->next; printf("%d", temp->data);
while(temp!=NULL){ temp = temp->next;
printf("->%d",temp->data); while (temp != NULL)
temp=temp->next; {
printf("->%d", temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
} }
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
@ -51,53 +59,53 @@ int main()
{ {
// Linked List 1: 1->3->5->7 : Linked List 2: 2->4->6 // Linked List 1: 1->3->5->7 : Linked List 2: 2->4->6
// making lists // making lists
struct node *one = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *one = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *two = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *two = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *three = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *three = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *four = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *four = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *five = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *five = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *six = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *six = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
struct node *seven = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); struct node *seven = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
//Seven nodes are created // Seven nodes are created
head1=one; head1 = one;
head2=two; head2 = two;
//head1 points to first node of first linked list // head1 points to first node of first linked list
//head2 points to first node of second linked list // head2 points to first node of second linked list
one->data=1; one->data = 1;
one->next=three; one->next = three;
two->data=2; two->data = 2;
two->next=four; two->next = four;
three->data=3; three->data = 3;
three->next=five; three->next = five;
four->data=4; four->data = 4;
four->next=six; four->next = six;
five->data=5; five->data = 5;
five->next=seven; five->next = seven;
six->data=6; six->data = 6;
six->next=NULL; six->next = NULL;
//Last node of second input linked list // Last node of second input linked list
seven->data=7; seven->data = 7;
seven->next=NULL; seven->next = NULL;
//Last node of first input linked list // Last node of first input linked list
printf("Linked List 1: "); printf("Linked List 1: ");
printlist(head1); printlist(head1);
printf("\nLinked List 2: "); printf("\nLinked List 2: ");
printlist(head2); printlist(head2);
//Merging the two linked list into single linked list // Merging the two linked list into single linked list
merge(); merge();
printf("\nMerged Linked List: "); printf("\nMerged Linked List: ");
printlist(head1); //list one has been modified printlist(head1); // list one has been modified
return 0; return 0;
} }

81
data_structures/linked_list/middle_element_in_list.c
View File

@ -1,70 +1,69 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
/* Link list node */ /* Link list node */
struct Node struct Node
{ {
int data; int data;
struct Node* next; struct Node *next;
}; };
/* Function to get the middle of the linked list*/ /* Function to get the middle of the linked list*/
void printMiddle(struct Node *head) void printMiddle(struct Node *head)
{ {
struct Node *slow_ptr = head; struct Node *slow_ptr = head;
struct Node *fast_ptr = head; struct Node *fast_ptr = head;
if (head!=NULL) if (head != NULL)
{ {
while (fast_ptr != NULL && fast_ptr->next != NULL) while (fast_ptr != NULL && fast_ptr->next != NULL)
{ {
fast_ptr = fast_ptr->next->next; fast_ptr = fast_ptr->next->next;
slow_ptr = slow_ptr->next; slow_ptr = slow_ptr->next;
} }
printf("The middle element is [%d]\n\n", slow_ptr->data); printf("The middle element is [%d]\n\n", slow_ptr->data);
} }
} }
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data) void push(struct Node **head_ref, int new_data)
{ {
/* allocate node */ /* allocate node */
struct Node* new_node = struct Node *new_node = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
(struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
/* put in the data */ /* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data; new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */ /* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref); new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */ /* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node; (*head_ref) = new_node;
} }
// A utility function to print a given linked list // A utility function to print a given linked list
void printList(struct Node *ptr) void printList(struct Node *ptr)
{ {
while (ptr != NULL) while (ptr != NULL)
{ {
printf("%d->", ptr->data); printf("%d->", ptr->data);
ptr = ptr->next; ptr = ptr->next;
} }
printf("NULL\n"); printf("NULL\n");
} }
/* Drier program to test above function*/ /* Drier program to test above function*/
int main() int main()
{ {
/* Start with the empty list */ /* Start with the empty list */
struct Node* head = NULL; struct Node *head = NULL;
int i; int i;
for (i=5; i>0; i--) for (i = 5; i > 0; i--)
{ {
push(&head, i); push(&head, i);
printList(head); printList(head);
printMiddle(head); printMiddle(head);
} }
return 0; return 0;
} }

218
data_structures/linked_list/queue_linked_list.c
View File

@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
/* Queue using Linked List - Program to create a queue ADT using linked list. ADT should support the following operations /* Queue using Linked List - Program to create a queue ADT using linked list.
1) Createqueue ADT should support the following operations 1) Createqueue 2) Insert into the
2) Insert into the queue queue 3) Delete from the queue 4) destroyqueue
3) Delete from the queue
4) destroyqueue
*/ */
/* queue q declared globally */ /* queue q declared globally */
@ -11,139 +9,133 @@
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define NULL 0 #define NULL 0
struct node struct node
{ {
int data ; int data;
struct node *next ; struct node *next;
} ; };
struct queue struct queue
{ {
struct node *front , *rear ; struct node *front, *rear;
} ; };
struct queue q ; struct queue q;
/* This function initializes the queue to empty by making both front and rear as NULL */ /* This function initializes the queue to empty by making both front and rear as
void createqueue() * NULL */
void createqueue() { q.front = q.rear = NULL; }
int empty()
{ {
q.front=q.rear=NULL ; if (q.front == NULL)
return 1;
else
return 0;
} }
int empty() void insert(int x)
{ {
if(q.front==NULL) struct node *pnode;
return 1 ;
else
return 0 ;
}
void insert(int x) pnode = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
{ if (pnode == NULL)
struct node *pnode ;
pnode=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)) ;
if(pnode==NULL)
{
printf("Memory overflow. Unable to insert.\n") ;
exit(1) ;
}
pnode->data=x ;
pnode->next=NULL ; /* New node is always last node */
if(empty())
q.front=q.rear=pnode ;
else
{
(q.rear)->next=pnode ;
q.rear=pnode ;
}
}
int removes()
{
int x ;
struct node *p ;
if(empty())
{
printf("Queue Underflow. Unable to remove.\n") ;
exit(1) ;
}
p=q.front ;
x=(q.front)->data ;
q.front=(q.front)->next ;
if(q.front==NULL) /* Queue contained only one node */
q.rear=NULL ;
free(p) ;
return x ;
}
void show()
{
struct node *p ;
if(empty())
printf("Queue empty. No data to display \n") ;
else
{
printf("Queue from front to rear is as shown: \n") ;
p=q.front ;
while(p!=NULL)
{ {
printf("%d ",p->data) ; printf("Memory overflow. Unable to insert.\n");
p=p->next ; exit(1);
} }
printf("\n") ; pnode->data = x;
} pnode->next = NULL; /* New node is always last node */
if (empty())
q.front = q.rear = pnode;
else
{
(q.rear)->next = pnode;
q.rear = pnode;
}
} }
void destroyqueue() int removes()
{ {
q.front=q.rear=NULL ; int x;
struct node *p;
if (empty())
{
printf("Queue Underflow. Unable to remove.\n");
exit(1);
}
p = q.front;
x = (q.front)->data;
q.front = (q.front)->next;
if (q.front == NULL) /* Queue contained only one node */
q.rear = NULL;
free(p);
return x;
} }
void show()
{
struct node *p;
if (empty())
printf("Queue empty. No data to display \n");
else
{
printf("Queue from front to rear is as shown: \n");
p = q.front;
while (p != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void destroyqueue() { q.front = q.rear = NULL; }
int main() int main()
{ {
int x , ch ; int x, ch;
createqueue() ; createqueue();
do do
{
printf("\n\n Menu: \n") ;
printf("1:Insert \n") ;
printf("2:Remove \n") ;
printf("3:exit \n") ;
printf("Enter your choice: ") ;
scanf("%d",&ch) ;
switch(ch)
{ {
case 1: printf("\n\n Menu: \n");
printf("Enter element to be inserted: ") ; printf("1:Insert \n");
scanf("%d",&x) ; printf("2:Remove \n");
insert(x) ; printf("3:exit \n");
show() ; printf("Enter your choice: ");
break ; scanf("%d", &ch);
case 2: switch (ch)
x=removes() ; {
printf("Element removed is: %d\n",x) ; case 1:
show() ; printf("Enter element to be inserted: ");
break ; scanf("%d", &x);
insert(x);
show();
break;
case 3: case 2:
break ; x = removes();
} printf("Element removed is: %d\n", x);
} show();
while(ch!=3) ; break;
destroyqueue() ; case 3:
break;
}
} while (ch != 3);
return 0; destroyqueue();
return 0;
} }

96
data_structures/linked_list/singly_link_list_deletion.c
View File

@ -1,69 +1,71 @@
/*Includes structure for a node which can be use to make new nodes of the Linked List. /*Includes structure for a node which can be use to make new nodes of the Linked
It is assumed that the data in nodes will be an integer, though List. It is assumed that the data in nodes will be an integer, though function
function can be modified according to the data type, easily. can be modified according to the data type, easily. deleteNode deletes a node
deleteNode deletes a node when passed with a key of the node. when passed with a key of the node.
*/ */
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
struct node struct node
{int info; {
struct node *link; int info;
struct node *link;
}; };
struct node *start=NULL; struct node *start = NULL;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
struct node * createnode()//function to create node struct node *createnode() // function to create node
{
struct node *t;
t=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
return(t);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void insert()//function to insert at first location
{
struct node *p;
p=createnode();
printf("\nenter the number to insert");
scanf("%d",&p->info);
p->link=NULL;
if(start==NULL)
{
start=p;
}
else
{
p->link=start;
start=p;
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void deletion()//function to delete from first position
{ {
struct node *t; struct node *t;
if(start==NULL) t = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
return (t);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void insert() // function to insert at first location
{
struct node *p;
p = createnode();
printf("\nenter the number to insert");
scanf("%d", &p->info);
p->link = NULL;
if (start == NULL)
{
start = p;
}
else
{
p->link = start;
start = p;
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void deletion() // function to delete from first position
{
struct node *t;
if (start == NULL)
{ {
printf("\nlist is empty"); printf("\nlist is empty");
} }
else else
{ {
struct node *p; struct node *p;
p=start; p = start;
start=start->link; start = start->link;
free(p); free(p);
} }
} }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void viewlist()//function to display values void viewlist() // function to display values
{ {
struct node *p; struct node *p;
if(start==NULL) if (start == NULL)
{ {
printf("\nlist is empty"); printf("\nlist is empty");
} }
else else
{ p=start; {
while(p!=NULL) p = start;
while (p != NULL)
{ {
printf("%d ",p->info); printf("%d ", p->info);
p=p->link; p = p->link;
} }
} }
} }
@ -72,14 +74,14 @@ void viewlist()//function to display values
int main() int main()
{ {
int n; int n;
while(1) while (1)
{ {
printf("\n1.add value at first location"); printf("\n1.add value at first location");
printf("\n2.delete value from first location"); printf("\n2.delete value from first location");
printf("\n3.view value"); printf("\n3.view value");
printf("\nenter your choice"); printf("\nenter your choice");
scanf("%d",&n); scanf("%d", &n);
switch(n) switch (n)
{ {
case 1: case 1:
insert(); insert();
@ -94,5 +96,5 @@ int main()
printf("\ninvalid choice"); printf("\ninvalid choice");
} }
} }
return(0); return (0);
} }

131
data_structures/linked_list/stack_using_linked_lists.c
View File

@ -1,92 +1,85 @@
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
struct node struct node
{ {
int info; int info;
struct node *link; struct node *link;
}; };
struct node *top=NULL,*temp; struct node *top = NULL, *temp;
void push(struct node*); void push(struct node *);
void pop(struct node*); void pop(struct node *);
void display(struct node*); void display(struct node *);
int main() int main()
{ {
int x=0,item; int x = 0, item;
printf("\t****stack using linked list****\n"); printf("\t****stack using linked list****\n");
while(x!=4) while (x != 4)
{ {
printf("enter your choice"); printf("enter your choice");
printf("\n1.push\n2.pop\n3.display\n4.exit\n"); printf("\n1.push\n2.pop\n3.display\n4.exit\n");
scanf("%d",&x); scanf("%d", &x);
switch(x) switch (x)
{ {
case 1: case 1:
push(top); push(top);
break; break;
case 2: pop(top); case 2:
break; pop(top);
case 3: display(top); break;
break; case 3:
case 4: return 0; display(top);
break;
} case 4:
} return 0;
}
}
} }
void push(struct node *p) void push(struct node *p)
{ {
int item; int item;
struct node *temp; struct node *temp;
temp=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); temp = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("enter element to be inserted\n"); printf("enter element to be inserted\n");
scanf("%d",&item); scanf("%d", &item);
temp->info=item; temp->info = item;
temp->link = top;
top = temp;
printf("inserted succesfully\n");
temp->link=top;
top=temp;
printf("inserted succesfully\n");
} }
void pop(struct node *p) void pop(struct node *p)
{ {
int item; int item;
struct node *temp; struct node *temp;
if(top==NULL)
printf("stack is empty\n");
else{
item=top->info;
temp=top;
top=top->link;
free(temp);
printf("Element popped is%d\n",item);
}
if (top == NULL)
printf("stack is empty\n");
else
{
item = top->info;
temp = top;
top = top->link;
free(temp);
printf("Element popped is%d\n", item);
}
} }
void display(struct node *p) void display(struct node *p)
{ {
if(top==NULL) if (top == NULL)
printf("stack is empty\n"); printf("stack is empty\n");
else else
{ printf("Elements in the stack are\n"); {
while(p!=NULL) printf("Elements in the stack are\n");
{ while (p != NULL)
printf("%d\n",p->info); {
p=p->link; printf("%d\n", p->info);
} p = p->link;
}
// printf("%d\n",p->info); // printf("%d\n",p->info);
}
}
} }

38
data_structures/list/list.c
View File

@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
#include "list.h"
#include <assert.h> #include <assert.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h> #include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "list.h"
#define L List_T #define L List_T
/* Initial list */ /* Initial list */
L List_init (void) { L List_init(void)
{
L list; L list;
list = (L) malloc(sizeof(L)); list = (L)malloc(sizeof(L));
list->next = NULL; list->next = NULL;
return list; return list;
} }
/* Push an element into top of the list */ /* Push an element into top of the list */
L List_push(L list, void *val) { L List_push(L list, void *val)
{
L new_elem = (L)malloc(sizeof(L)); L new_elem = (L)malloc(sizeof(L));
new_elem->val = val; new_elem->val = val;
new_elem->next = list; new_elem->next = list;
@ -24,19 +26,22 @@ L List_push(L list, void *val) {
} }
/* Length of list */ /* Length of list */
int List_length(L list) { int List_length(L list)
{
int n; int n;
for(n = 0; list; list=list->next) for (n = 0; list; list = list->next)
n++; n++;
return n; return n;
} }
/* Convert list to array */ /* Convert list to array */
void **List_toArray(L list) { void **List_toArray(L list)
{
int i, n = List_length(list); int i, n = List_length(list);
void **array = (void **)malloc((n+1) *sizeof(*array)); void **array = (void **)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(*array));
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
array[i] = list->val; array[i] = list->val;
list = list->next; list = list->next;
} }
@ -45,12 +50,14 @@ void **List_toArray(L list) {
} }
/* Create and return a list */ /* Create and return a list */
L List_list(L list, void *val, ...) { L List_list(L list, void *val, ...)
{
va_list ap; va_list ap;
L *p = &list; L *p = &list;
va_start(ap, val); va_start(ap, val);
for(; val; val = va_arg(ap, void *)) { for (; val; val = va_arg(ap, void *))
{
*p = malloc(sizeof(L)); *p = malloc(sizeof(L));
(*p)->val = val; (*p)->val = val;
p = &(*p)->next; p = &(*p)->next;
@ -61,13 +68,14 @@ L List_list(L list, void *val, ...) {
} }
/* Append 2 lists together */ /* Append 2 lists together */
L List_append(L list, L tail) { L List_append(L list, L tail)
{
L *p = &list; L *p = &list;
while((*p)->next) { while ((*p)->next)
{
p = &(*p)->next; p = &(*p)->next;
} }
*p = tail; *p = tail;
return list; return list;
} }

17
data_structures/list/list.h
View File

@ -4,20 +4,21 @@
#define L List_T #define L List_T
typedef struct L *L; typedef struct L *L;
struct L { struct L
{
void *val; void *val;
L next; L next;
}; };
extern L List_init(void); extern L List_init(void);
extern L List_push(L list, void *val); extern L List_push(L list, void *val);
extern int List_length(L list); extern int List_length(L list);
extern void **List_toArray(L list); extern void **List_toArray(L list);
extern L List_append(L list, L tail); extern L List_append(L list, L tail);
extern L List_list(L list, void *val, ...); extern L List_list(L list, void *val, ...);
/* TODO */ /* TODO */
extern L List_copy(L list); extern L List_copy(L list);
extern int List_pop(L *list); extern int List_pop(L *list);
#undef L #undef L
#endif #endif

14
data_structures/list/main.c
View File

@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
#include "list.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include "list.h"
void print_list(char **array) { void print_list(char **array)
{
int i; int i;
for( i = 0; array[i]; i++) for (i = 0; array[i]; i++)
printf("%s", array[i]); printf("%s", array[i]);
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
int main() { int main()
{
List_T list1, list2, list3; List_T list1, list2, list3;
char **str1 = (char **)malloc(100* sizeof(char *)); char **str1 = (char **)malloc(100 * sizeof(char *));
list1 = List_init(); list1 = List_init();
list1 = List_push(list1, "Dang "); list1 = List_push(list1, "Dang ");

59
data_structures/queue.c
View File

@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//INCLUDES // INCLUDES
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MACROS: CONSTANTS // MACROS: CONSTANTS
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//DATA STRUCTURES // DATA STRUCTURES
struct node { struct node
{
int data; int data;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
struct node* pre; struct node *pre;
} *head, *tail, *tmp; } * head, *tail, *tmp;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//GLOBAL VARIABLES // GLOBAL VARIABLES
int count; int count;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//FORWARD DECLARATIONS // FORWARD DECLARATIONS
void create(); void create();
void enque(int x); void enque(int x);
int deque(); int deque();
@ -28,19 +29,19 @@ int size();
int isEmpty(); int isEmpty();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MAIN ENTRY POINT // MAIN ENTRY POINT
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
create(); create();
enque(5); enque(5);
return 0;
return 0;
} }
void create()
void create() { {
head = NULL; head = NULL;
tail = NULL; tail = NULL;
} }
@ -48,13 +49,17 @@ void create() {
/** /**
* Puts an item into the Queue. * Puts an item into the Queue.
*/ */
void enque(int x) { void enque(int x)
if(head == NULL) { {
if (head == NULL)
{
head = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node)); head = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node));
head->data = x; head->data = x;
head->pre = NULL; head->pre = NULL;
tail = head; tail = head;
} else { }
else
{
tmp = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node)); tmp = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node));
tmp->data = x; tmp->data = x;
tmp->next = tail; tmp->next = tail;
@ -65,25 +70,27 @@ void enque(int x) {
/** /**
* Takes the next item from the Queue. * Takes the next item from the Queue.
*/ */
int deque() { int deque()
{
int returnData = 0; int returnData = 0;
if(head == NULL) { if (head == NULL)
{
printf("ERROR: Deque from empty queue.\n"); printf("ERROR: Deque from empty queue.\n");
exit(1); exit(1);
} else { }
else
{
returnData = head->data; returnData = head->data;
if(head->pre == NULL) if (head->pre == NULL)
head = NULL; head = NULL;
else else
head = head->pre; head = head->pre;
head->next = NULL; head->next = NULL;
} }
return returnData; return returnData;
} }
/** /**
* Returns the size of the Queue. * Returns the size of the Queue.
*/ */
int size() { int size() { return count; }
return count;
}

75
data_structures/stack.c
View File

@ -4,27 +4,28 @@
*/ */
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//INCLUDES // INCLUDES
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MACROS: CONSTANTS // MACROS: CONSTANTS
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//DATA STRUCTURES // DATA STRUCTURES
struct node { struct node
{
int data; int data;
struct node* next; struct node *next;
struct node* pre; struct node *pre;
} *head, *tmp; } * head, *tmp;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//GLOBAL VARIABLES // GLOBAL VARIABLES
int count = 0; int count = 0;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//FUNCTION PROTOTYPES // FUNCTION PROTOTYPES
void create(); void create();
void push(int x); void push(int x);
int pop(); int pop();
@ -33,9 +34,10 @@ int size();
int isEmpty(); int isEmpty();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MAIN ENTRY POINT // MAIN ENTRY POINT
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
int x, y, z; int x, y, z;
@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
y = pop(); y = pop();
// 3, 2. Count: 1. Empty: 0; // 3, 2. Count: 1. Empty: 0;
printf("%d, %d.\t\tCount: %d.\tEmpty: %d.\n", x, y, size(), isEmpty()); printf("%d, %d.\t\tCount: %d.\tEmpty: %d.\n", x, y, size(), isEmpty());
pop(); // Empty the stack. pop(); // Empty the stack.
push(5); push(5);
push(6); push(6);
@ -64,26 +66,28 @@ int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
// 1, 6, 7, 8. Count: 2. Empty: 0. // 1, 6, 7, 8. Count: 2. Empty: 0.
printf("%d, %d, %d.\tCount: %d.\tEmpty: %d.\n", x, y, z, size(), isEmpty()); printf("%d, %d, %d.\tCount: %d.\tEmpty: %d.\n", x, y, z, size(), isEmpty());
return 0; return 0;
} }
/** /**
* Initialize the stack to NULL. * Initialize the stack to NULL.
*/ */
void create() { void create() { head = NULL; }
head = NULL;
}
/** /**
* Push data onto the stack. * Push data onto the stack.
*/ */
void push(int x) { void push(int x)
if(head == NULL) { {
if (head == NULL)
{
head = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node)); head = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node));
head->next = NULL; head->next = NULL;
head->pre = NULL; head->pre = NULL;
head->data = x; head->data = x;
} else { }
else
{
tmp = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node)); tmp = (struct node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct node));
tmp->data = x; tmp->data = x;
tmp->next = NULL; tmp->next = NULL;
@ -97,19 +101,25 @@ void push(int x) {
/** /**
* Pop data from the stack * Pop data from the stack
*/ */
int pop() { int pop()
{
int returnData; int returnData;
if(head == NULL) { if (head == NULL)
{
printf("ERROR: Pop from empty stack.\n"); printf("ERROR: Pop from empty stack.\n");
exit(1); exit(1);
} else { }
else
{
returnData = head->data; returnData = head->data;
if(head->pre == NULL){ if (head->pre == NULL)
{
free(head); free(head);
head = NULL; head = NULL;
} }
else { else
{
head = head->pre; head = head->pre;
free(head->next); free(head->next);
} }
@ -121,10 +131,12 @@ int pop() {
/** /**
* Returns the next value to be popped. * Returns the next value to be popped.
*/ */
int peek() { int peek()
if(head != NULL) {
if (head != NULL)
return head->data; return head->data;
else { else
{
printf("ERROR: Peeking from empty stack."); printf("ERROR: Peeking from empty stack.");
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
@ -133,15 +145,14 @@ int peek() {
/** /**
* Returns the size of the stack. * Returns the size of the stack.
*/ */
int size() { int size() { return count; }
return count;
}
/** /**
* Returns 1 if stack is empty, returns 0 if not empty. * Returns 1 if stack is empty, returns 0 if not empty.
*/ */
int isEmpty() { int isEmpty()
if(count == 0) {
if (count == 0)
return 1; return 1;
return 0; return 0;
} }

10
data_structures/stack/main.c
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
//program for stack using array // program for stack using array
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ int main()
return (0); return (0);
} }
//function for pushing the element // function for pushing the element
void push() void push()
{ {
int n = 0; int n = 0;
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void push()
a[top] = n; a[top] = n;
} }
//function for poping the element out // function for poping the element out
void pop() void pop()
{ {
if (top == -1) if (top == -1)
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void pop()
} }
} }
//function for peeping the element from top of the stack // function for peeping the element from top of the stack
void peek() void peek()
{ {
if (top >= 0) if (top >= 0)
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void peek()
printf("\nstack is empty"); printf("\nstack is empty");
} }
//function to update the element of stack // function to update the element of stack
void update() void update()
{ {
int i, n; int i, n;

22
data_structures/stack/parenthesis.c
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define SIZE 100 #define SIZE 100
@ -12,14 +12,15 @@ struct node
}; };
int c = 0; // c used as counter to check if stack is empty or not int c = 0; // c used as counter to check if stack is empty or not
struct node *head; //declaring head pointer globally assigned to NULL struct node *head; // declaring head pointer globally assigned to NULL
void push(char x) //function for pushing void push(char x) // function for pushing
{ {
struct node *p = head, *temp; struct node *p = head, *temp;
temp = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); temp = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->data = x; temp->data = x;
if (head == NULL) //will be execute only one time i.e, 1st time push is called if (head ==
NULL) // will be execute only one time i.e, 1st time push is called
{ {
head = temp; head = temp;
p = head; p = head;
@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ void push(char x) //function for pushing
} }
} }
char pop(void) //function for pop char pop(void) // function for pop
{ {
char x; char x;
struct node *p = head; struct node *p = head;
@ -50,14 +51,16 @@ int isBalanced(char *s)
{ {
int i = 0; int i = 0;
char x; char x;
while (s[i] != '\0') //loop for covering entire string of brackets while (s[i] != '\0') // loop for covering entire string of brackets
{ {
// printf("\t s[i]=%c\n", s[i]); //DEBUG // printf("\t s[i]=%c\n", s[i]); //DEBUG
if (s[i] == '{' || s[i] == '(' || s[i] == '[') //if opening bracket then push if (s[i] == '{' || s[i] == '(' ||
s[i] == '[') // if opening bracket then push
push(s[i]); push(s[i]);
else else
{ {
if (c <= 0) //i.e, stack is empty as only opening brackets are added to stack if (c <= 0) // i.e, stack is empty as only opening brackets are
// added to stack
return 0; return 0;
x = pop(); x = pop();
@ -71,7 +74,8 @@ int isBalanced(char *s)
i++; i++;
} }
//at end if stack is empy which means whole process has been performed correctly so return 1 // at end if stack is empy which means whole process has been performed
// correctly so return 1
return (c == 0) ? 1 : 0; return (c == 0) ? 1 : 0;
} }

16
data_structures/stack/stack.c
View File

@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
of data hiding. of data hiding.
*/ */
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "stack.h" #include "stack.h"
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void initStack()
grow: increases the stack by 10 elements. grow: increases the stack by 10 elements.
This utility function isn't part of the public interface This utility function isn't part of the public interface
*/ */
void grow() void grow()
{ {
max += 10; /* increases the capacity */ max += 10; /* increases the capacity */
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void push(void *object)
else /* stack is full */ else /* stack is full */
{ {
grow(); /* lets grow stack */ grow(); /* lets grow stack */
push(object); /* recursive call */ push(object); /* recursive call */
} }
} }
@ -114,18 +114,12 @@ void *pop()
/* /*
size: gets the number of elements of the stack. size: gets the number of elements of the stack.
*/ */
int size() int size() { return counter; }
{
return counter;
}
/* /*
isEmpty(): returns 1 if stack is empty otherwise 0. isEmpty(): returns 1 if stack is empty otherwise 0.
*/ */
int isEmpty() int isEmpty() { return counter == 0; }
{
return counter == 0;
}
/* /*
top: returns the top element from the stack without removing it. top: returns the top element from the stack without removing it.

7
data_structures/stack/stack.h
View File

@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
The stack is generic and self growing. The stack is generic and self growing.
*/ */
#ifndef __STACK__ #ifndef __STACK__
#define __STACK__ #define __STACK__
@ -17,13 +16,13 @@ void initStack();
/* /*
push: pushs the argument onto the stack push: pushs the argument onto the stack
*/ */
void push(void * object); void push(void *object);
/* /*
pop: pops the top element of the stack from the stack. pop: pops the top element of the stack from the stack.
assumes: stack not empty. assumes: stack not empty.
*/ */
void * pop(); void *pop();
/* /*
size: gets the number of elements of the stack. size: gets the number of elements of the stack.
@ -38,6 +37,6 @@ int isEmpty();
/* /*
top: returns the top element from the stack without removing it. top: returns the top element from the stack without removing it.
*/ */
void * top(); void *top();
#endif #endif

15
data_structures/stack/stack_linked_list/main.c
View File

@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
#include "stack.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "stack.h"
int main() { int main()
{
Stack_T stk; Stack_T stk;
stk = Stack_init(); stk = Stack_init();
Stack_push(stk, (int *) 1); Stack_push(stk, (int *)1);
Stack_push(stk, (int *) 2); Stack_push(stk, (int *)2);
Stack_push(stk, (int *) 3); Stack_push(stk, (int *)3);
Stack_push(stk, (int *) 4); Stack_push(stk, (int *)4);
printf("Size: %d\n", Stack_size(stk)); printf("Size: %d\n", Stack_size(stk));
Stack_print(stk); Stack_print(stk);
Stack_pop(stk); Stack_pop(stk);

35
data_structures/stack/stack_linked_list/stack.c
View File

@ -1,48 +1,54 @@
#include "stack.h"
#include <assert.h> #include <assert.h>
#include <stddef.h> #include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include "stack.h" #include <stdlib.h>
#define T Stack_T #define T Stack_T
typedef struct elem { typedef struct elem
{
void *val; void *val;
struct elem *next; struct elem *next;
} elem_t; } elem_t;
struct T { struct T
{
int count; int count;
elem_t *head; elem_t *head;
}; };
/* Initial stack */ /* Initial stack */
T Stack_init (void) { T Stack_init(void)
{
T stack; T stack;
stack = (T) malloc(sizeof(T)); stack = (T)malloc(sizeof(T));
stack->count = 0; stack->count = 0;
stack->head = NULL; stack->head = NULL;
return stack; return stack;
} }
/* Check empty stack*/ /* Check empty stack*/
int Stack_empty(T stack) { int Stack_empty(T stack)
{
assert(stack); assert(stack);
return stack->count == 0; return stack->count == 0;
} }
/* Return size of the stack */ /* Return size of the stack */
int Stack_size(T stack) { int Stack_size(T stack)
{
assert(stack); assert(stack);
return stack->count; return stack->count;
} }
/* Push an element into the stack */ /* Push an element into the stack */
void Stack_push(T stack, void *val) { void Stack_push(T stack, void *val)
{
elem_t *t; elem_t *t;
assert(stack); assert(stack);
t = (elem_t *) malloc(sizeof(elem_t)); t = (elem_t *)malloc(sizeof(elem_t));
t->val = val; t->val = val;
t->next = stack->head; t->next = stack->head;
stack->head = t; stack->head = t;
@ -50,7 +56,8 @@ void Stack_push(T stack, void *val) {
} }
/* Pop an element out of the stack */ /* Pop an element out of the stack */
void *Stack_pop(T stack) { void *Stack_pop(T stack)
{
void *val; void *val;
elem_t *t; elem_t *t;
@ -65,13 +72,15 @@ void *Stack_pop(T stack) {
} }
/* Print all elements in the stack */ /* Print all elements in the stack */
void Stack_print(Stack_T stack) { void Stack_print(Stack_T stack)
{
assert(stack); assert(stack);
int i, size = Stack_size(stack); int i, size = Stack_size(stack);
elem_t *current_elem = stack->head; elem_t *current_elem = stack->head;
printf("Stack [Top --- Bottom]: "); printf("Stack [Top --- Bottom]: ");
for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) { for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
{
printf("%p ", (int *)current_elem->val); printf("%p ", (int *)current_elem->val);
current_elem = current_elem->next; current_elem = current_elem->next;
} }

12
data_structures/stack/stack_linked_list/stack.h
View File

@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
#define T Stack_T #define T Stack_T
typedef struct T *T; typedef struct T *T;
extern T Stack_init (void); extern T Stack_init(void);
extern int Stack_size (T stack); extern int Stack_size(T stack);
extern int Stack_empty (T stack); extern int Stack_empty(T stack);
extern void Stack_push (T stack, void *val); extern void Stack_push(T stack, void *val);
extern void *Stack_pop (T stack); extern void *Stack_pop(T stack);
extern void Stack_print (T stack); extern void Stack_print(T stack);
#undef T #undef T
#endif #endif

155
data_structures/trie/trie.c
View File

@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
/*-----character - 97 used for get the character from the ASCII value-----*/ /*-----character - 97 used for get the character from the ASCII value-----*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ typedef struct TrieNode
/*--Create new node--*/ /*--Create new node--*/
TrieNode *createTrieNode() TrieNode *createTrieNode()
{ {
TrieNode *node; TrieNode *node;
node = malloc(sizeof(TrieNode)); node = malloc(sizeof(TrieNode));
node->isEndOfWord = false; node->isEndOfWord = false;
int i = 0; int i = 0;
while(i<ALPHABET_SIZE){ while (i < ALPHABET_SIZE)
{
node->children[i] = NULL; node->children[i] = NULL;
i++; i++;
} }
@ -34,95 +35,96 @@ TrieNode *createTrieNode()
} }
/*--Insert new word to Trie--*/ /*--Insert new word to Trie--*/
void insert(TrieNode *root,char *word) void insert(TrieNode *root, char *word)
{ {
/*----Addition of the word done by recurcively----*/ /*----Addition of the word done by recurcively----*/
//Check wheather word character pointer is NULL // Check wheather word character pointer is NULL
if((strlen(word)-1) != 0) if ((strlen(word) - 1) != 0)
{ {
char character = *word; char character = *word;
if(root->children[character-97] == NULL) if (root->children[character - 97] == NULL)
{ {
TrieNode *node = NULL; TrieNode *node = NULL;
node = createTrieNode(); node = createTrieNode();
node->character = character; node->character = character;
root->children[character-97] = node; root->children[character - 97] = node;
} }
word++; word++;
insert(root->children[character-97],word); insert(root->children[character - 97], word);
} }
else else
{ {
root->isEndOfWord = true; root->isEndOfWord = true;
} }
return; return;
} }
/*--Search a word in the Trie--*/ /*--Search a word in the Trie--*/
TrieNode *search( TrieNode *root, char *word) TrieNode *search(TrieNode *root, char *word)
{ {
TrieNode *temp; TrieNode *temp;
while(*word != '\0') while (*word != '\0')
{ {
char character = *word; char character = *word;
if(root->children[character - 97] != NULL) if (root->children[character - 97] != NULL)
{ {
temp = root->children[character-97]; temp = root->children[character - 97];
word++; word++;
root = temp; root = temp;
} }
else else
{ {
printf("No possible words!!\n"); printf("No possible words!!\n");
return NULL; return NULL;
} }
} }
return root; return root;
} }
/*---Print a word in the array--*/ /*---Print a word in the array--*/
void printArray(char chars[], int len) void printArray(char chars[], int len)
{ {
int i; int i;
for (i=0; i<len; i++) for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{ {
printf("%c", chars[i]); printf("%c", chars[i]);
} }
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
/*---Return all the related words------*/ /*---Return all the related words------*/
void printPathsRecur(TrieNode* node, char prefix[], int filledLen) void printPathsRecur(TrieNode *node, char prefix[], int filledLen)
{ {
if (node==NULL) return; if (node == NULL)
return;
prefix[filledLen] = node->character; prefix[filledLen] = node->character;
filledLen++; filledLen++;
if (node->isEndOfWord) if (node->isEndOfWord)
{ {
printArray(prefix, filledLen); printArray(prefix, filledLen);
} }
int i ; int i;
for(i=0;i<ALPHABET_SIZE;i++) for (i = 0; i < ALPHABET_SIZE; i++)
{ {
printPathsRecur(node->children[i], prefix, filledLen); printPathsRecur(node->children[i], prefix, filledLen);
} }
} }
/*--Travel through the Trie and return words from it--*/ /*--Travel through the Trie and return words from it--*/
void traverse(char prefix[], TrieNode *root) void traverse(char prefix[], TrieNode *root)
{ {
TrieNode *temp = NULL; TrieNode *temp = NULL;
temp = search(root,prefix); temp = search(root, prefix);
int j=0; int j = 0;
while(prefix[j]!='\0') while (prefix[j] != '\0')
{ {
j++; j++;
} }
printPathsRecur(temp,prefix,j-1); printPathsRecur(temp, prefix, j - 1);
} }
/*------Demonstrate purposes uses text file called dictionary -------*/ /*------Demonstrate purposes uses text file called dictionary -------*/
@ -139,9 +141,9 @@ char *receiveInput(char *s)
int main() int main()
{ {
//Read the file dictionary // Read the file dictionary
int word_count = 0; int word_count = 0;
char* words[NUMBER_OF_WORDS]; char *words[NUMBER_OF_WORDS];
FILE *fp = fopen("dictionary.txt", "r"); FILE *fp = fopen("dictionary.txt", "r");
if (fp == 0) if (fp == 0)
@ -158,14 +160,13 @@ int main()
words[word_count] = malloc(INPUT_WORD_SIZE); words[word_count] = malloc(INPUT_WORD_SIZE);
} }
// Push the words in to Trie
//Push the words in to Trie
TrieNode *root = NULL; TrieNode *root = NULL;
root = createTrieNode(); root = createTrieNode();
int i; int i;
for(i=0;i<NUMBER_OF_WORDS;i++) for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_WORDS; i++)
{ {
insert(root,words[i]); insert(root, words[i]);
} }
while (1) while (1)
@ -173,12 +174,14 @@ int main()
printf("Enter keyword: "); printf("Enter keyword: ");
char str[100]; char str[100];
receiveInput(str); receiveInput(str);
printf("\n==========================================================\n"); printf(
"\n==========================================================\n");
printf("\n********************* Possible Words ********************\n"); printf("\n********************* Possible Words ********************\n");
//Find the word through the Trie // Find the word through the Trie
traverse(str,root); traverse(str, root);
printf("\n==========================================================\n"); printf(
"\n==========================================================\n");
} }
} }

6
exercism/acronym/acronym.c
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h> #include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char *abbreviate(const char *phrase) char *abbreviate(const char *phrase)
{ {
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ char *abbreviate(const char *phrase)
/* initalizes words-array with empty strings */ /* initalizes words-array with empty strings */
for (i = 0; i < counter; i++) for (i = 0; i < counter; i++)
{ {
strcpy(words[i],""); strcpy(words[i], "");
} }
/* rewind string */ /* rewind string */

4
exercism/hello_world/hello_world.c
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
const char *hello(void) const char *hello(void)
{ {
char * ans = strdup("Hello, World!"); char *ans = strdup("Hello, World!");
/* string is pointer of the first character */ /* string is pointer of the first character */
return ans; return ans;
} }

10
exercism/isogram/isogram.c
View File

@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ bool is_isogram(const char phrase[])
/* contains the length of the given string */ /* contains the length of the given string */
unsigned int len_phrase = strlen(phrase); unsigned int len_phrase = strlen(phrase);
for (i = 0; i < len_phrase; i++ ) for (i = 0; i < len_phrase; i++)
{ {
current_char = phrase[i]; current_char = phrase[i];
/* makes sure the current character has no repetition */ /* makes sure the current character has no repetition */
for (j = i+1; j < len_phrase; j++) for (j = i + 1; j < len_phrase; j++)
{ {
if (current_char == phrase[j]) if (current_char == phrase[j])
{ {
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ bool is_isogram(const char phrase[])
} }
} }
/* exit label */ /* exit label */
end: end:
return status; return status;
} }

2
exercism/rna_transcription/rna_transcription.h
View File

@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
#define __RNA_TRANSCRIPTION__H #define __RNA_TRANSCRIPTION__H
/* to_rna: compiles a DNA strand in its RNA complement */ /* to_rna: compiles a DNA strand in its RNA complement */
char * to_rna(const char s[]); char *to_rna(const char s[]);
#endif #endif

2
exercism/word_count/word_count.c
View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ int word_count(const char *input_text, word_count_word_t *words)
for (i = 0; i <= index_list; i++) for (i = 0; i <= index_list; i++)
{ {
if (strcmp(word_list[i],words->text) == 0) if (strcmp(word_list[i], words->text) == 0)
{ {
words->count++; words->count++;
} }

19
exercism/word_count/word_count.h
View File

@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
#ifndef WORD_COUNT_H #ifndef WORD_COUNT_H
#define WORD_COUNT_H #define WORD_COUNT_H
#define MAX_WORDS 20 // at most MAX_WORDS can be found in the test input string #define MAX_WORDS 20 // at most MAX_WORDS can be found in the test input string
#define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 50 // no individual word can exceed this length #define MAX_WORD_LENGTH 50 // no individual word can exceed this length
// results structure // results structure
typedef struct word_count_word { typedef struct word_count_word
char text[MAX_WORD_LENGTH]; {
int count; char text[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
int count;
} word_count_word_t; } word_count_word_t;
#define EXCESSIVE_LENGTH_WORD -1 #define EXCESSIVE_LENGTH_WORD -1
#define EXCESSIVE_NUMBER_OF_WORDS -2 #define EXCESSIVE_NUMBER_OF_WORDS -2
// word_count - routine to classify the unique words and their frequency in a test input string // word_count - routine to classify the unique words and their frequency in a
// inputs: // test input string inputs:
// input_text = a null-terminated string containing that is analyzed // input_text = a null-terminated string containing that is analyzed
// //
// outputs: // outputs:
@ -22,6 +23,6 @@ typedef struct word_count_word {
// uniqueWords - number of words in the words structure // uniqueWords - number of words in the words structure
// returns a negative number if an error. // returns a negative number if an error.
// words will contain the results up to that point. // words will contain the results up to that point.
int word_count(const char *input_text, word_count_word_t * words); int word_count(const char *input_text, word_count_word_t *words);
#endif #endif

109
greedy_approach/djikstra.c
View File

@ -12,68 +12,77 @@ int dist[MAX];
int q[MAX]; int q[MAX];
int qp = 0; int qp = 0;
void enqueue (int v) { void enqueue(int v) { q[qp++] = v; }
q[qp++] = v;
int cf(void *a, void *b)
{
int *x = (int *)a;
int *y = (int *)b;
return *y - *x;
} }
int cf (void *a, void *b) { int dequeue()
int *x = (int *)a; {
int *y = (int *)b; qsort(q, qp, sizeof(int), cf);
return *y - *x; return q[--qp];
} }
int dequeue () { int queue_has_something() { return (qp > 0); }
qsort(q, qp, sizeof(int), cf);
return q[--qp];
}
int queue_has_something () {
return (qp > 0);
}
int visited[MAX]; int visited[MAX];
int vp = 0; int vp = 0;
void dijkstra (int s) { void dijkstra(int s)
dist[s] = 0; {
int i; dist[s] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < V; ++i) { int i;
if (i != s) { for (i = 0; i < V; ++i)
dist[i] = INF; {
} if (i != s)
enqueue(i); {
} dist[i] = INF;
while (queue_has_something()) { }
int u = dequeue(); enqueue(i);
visited[vp++] = u; }
for (i = 0; i < V; ++i) { while (queue_has_something())
if (mat[u][i]) { {
if (dist[i] > dist[u] + mat[u][i]) { int u = dequeue();
dist[i] = dist[u] + mat[u][i]; visited[vp++] = u;
} for (i = 0; i < V; ++i)
} {
} if (mat[u][i])
} {
if (dist[i] > dist[u] + mat[u][i])
{
dist[i] = dist[u] + mat[u][i];
}
}
}
}
} }
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
printf("Enter the number of vertices: "); printf("Enter the number of vertices: ");
scanf(" %d", &V); scanf(" %d", &V);
printf("Enter the adj matrix: "); printf("Enter the adj matrix: ");
int i, j; int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < V; ++i) { for (i = 0; i < V; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < V; ++j) { {
scanf(" %d", &mat[i][j]); for (j = 0; j < V; ++j)
} {
} scanf(" %d", &mat[i][j]);
}
}
dijkstra(0); dijkstra(0);
printf("\nNode\tDist\n"); printf("\nNode\tDist\n");
for (i = 0; i < V; ++i) { for (i = 0; i < V; ++i)
printf("%d\t%d\n", i, dist[i]); {
} printf("%d\t%d\n", i, dist[i]);
}
return 0; return 0;
} }

10
hash/hash.c
View File

@ -65,14 +65,16 @@ int adler_32(char s[])
/* crc32 Hash-Algorithm*/ /* crc32 Hash-Algorithm*/
#include <inttypes.h> #include <inttypes.h>
uint32_t crc32(char* data){ uint32_t crc32(char *data)
{
int i = 0; int i = 0;
uint32_t crc = 0xffffffff; uint32_t crc = 0xffffffff;
while(data[i] != '\0'){ while (data[i] != '\0')
{
uint8_t byte = data[i]; uint8_t byte = data[i];
crc = crc ^ byte; crc = crc ^ byte;
for(int j = 8; j > 0; --j) for (int j = 8; j > 0; --j)
crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & ( -(crc & 1))); crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320 & (-(crc & 1)));
i++; i++;
} }

2
hash/hash.h
View File

@ -46,6 +46,4 @@ int adler_32(char[]);
*/ */
int crc32(char[]); int crc32(char[]);
#endif #endif

4
hash/test_program.c
View File

@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
This file contains a simple test program for each hash-function. This file contains a simple test program for each hash-function.
*/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "hash.h" #include "hash.h"
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ int main(void)
/* actual tests */ /* actual tests */
printf("sdbm: %s --> %llX\n", s, sdbm(s)); printf("sdbm: %s --> %llX\n", s, sdbm(s));
printf("djb2: %s --> %llX\n", s, djb2(s)); printf("djb2: %s --> %llX\n", s, djb2(s));
printf("xor8: %s --> %X\n", s, xor8(s)); /* 8 bit */ printf("xor8: %s --> %X\n", s, xor8(s)); /* 8 bit */
printf("adler_32: %s --> %X\n", s, adler_32(s)); /* 32 bit */ printf("adler_32: %s --> %X\n", s, adler_32(s)); /* 32 bit */
return 0; return 0;

9
leetcode/src/1.c
View File

@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
int* twoSum(int* nums, int numsSize, int target, int* returnSize){ int *twoSum(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize)
{
int i, j; int i, j;
int *ret = calloc(2, sizeof(int)); int *ret = calloc(2, sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) { for (i = 0; i < numsSize; i++)
{
int key = target - nums[i]; int key = target - nums[i];
for (j = i + 1; j < numsSize; j++) for (j = i + 1; j < numsSize; j++)
if (nums[j] == key) { if (nums[j] == key)
{
ret[0] = i; ret[0] = i;
ret[1] = j; ret[1] = j;
} }

9
leetcode/src/101.c
View File

@ -7,14 +7,17 @@
* }; * };
*/ */
bool checkSymmetric(struct TreeNode *left, struct TreeNode *right) { bool checkSymmetric(struct TreeNode *left, struct TreeNode *right)
{
if (!left || !right) if (!left || !right)
return left == right; return left == right;
if (left->val != right->val) if (left->val != right->val)
return 0; return 0;
return checkSymmetric(left->left, right->right) && checkSymmetric(left->right, right->left); return checkSymmetric(left->left, right->right) &&
checkSymmetric(left->right, right->left);
} }
bool isSymmetric(struct TreeNode* root){ bool isSymmetric(struct TreeNode *root)
{
return root == NULL || checkSymmetric(root->left, root->right); return root == NULL || checkSymmetric(root->left, root->right);
} }

7
leetcode/src/104.c
View File

@ -7,16 +7,17 @@
* }; * };
*/ */
int maxval(int a, int b) { int maxval(int a, int b)
{
if (a > b) if (a > b)
return a; return a;
else else
return b; return b;
} }
int maxDepth(struct TreeNode* root){ int maxDepth(struct TreeNode *root)
{
if (root == NULL) if (root == NULL)
return 0; return 0;
else else
return 1 + maxval(maxDepth(root->left), maxDepth(root->right)); return 1 + maxval(maxDepth(root->left), maxDepth(root->right));
} }

14
leetcode/src/108.c
View File

@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
* }; * };
*/ */
struct TreeNode* convertBST(int *nums, int left, int right) { struct TreeNode *convertBST(int *nums, int left, int right)
{
if (left > right) if (left > right)
return NULL; return NULL;
else { else
{
int mid = (right + left) / 2; int mid = (right + left) / 2;
struct TreeNode *new_val = malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode)); struct TreeNode *new_val = malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode));
new_val->val = nums[mid]; new_val->val = nums[mid];
@ -20,10 +22,10 @@ struct TreeNode* convertBST(int *nums, int left, int right) {
} }
} }
struct TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(int* nums, int numsSize){ struct TreeNode *sortedArrayToBST(int *nums, int numsSize)
if(numsSize == 0) {
if (numsSize == 0)
return NULL; return NULL;
else else
return convertBST(nums, 0, numsSize -1); return convertBST(nums, 0, numsSize - 1);
} }

14
leetcode/src/1089.c
View File

@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
void duplicateZeros(int* arr, int arrSize){ void duplicateZeros(int *arr, int arrSize)
{
int i, start = 0; int i, start = 0;
int *tmp = malloc(arrSize * sizeof(int)); int *tmp = malloc(arrSize * sizeof(int));
/* Copy arr into tmp arr */ /* Copy arr into tmp arr */
for(i = 0; i < arrSize; i++) { for (i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
tmp[i] = arr[i]; tmp[i] = arr[i];
} }
i = 0; i = 0;
for(start = 0; start < arrSize; start++) { for (start = 0; start < arrSize; start++)
{
arr[start] = tmp[i]; arr[start] = tmp[i];
if(tmp[i] == 0) { if (tmp[i] == 0)
{
start++; start++;
if (start < arrSize) if (start < arrSize)
arr[start] = 0; arr[start] = 0;
@ -16,5 +20,3 @@ void duplicateZeros(int* arr, int arrSize){
i++; i++;
} }
} }

16
leetcode/src/109.c
View File

@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
struct TreeNode* buildBST(struct ListNode* head, struct ListNode* tail) { struct TreeNode *buildBST(struct ListNode *head, struct ListNode *tail)
if(head == tail) {
if (head == tail)
return NULL; return NULL;
struct ListNode* slow = head, *fast = head; struct ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head;
while(fast != tail && fast->next != tail) { while (fast != tail && fast->next != tail)
{
fast = fast->next->next; fast = fast->next->next;
slow = slow->next; slow = slow->next;
} }
struct TreeNode* node = malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode)); struct TreeNode *node = malloc(sizeof(struct TreeNode));
node->val = slow->val; node->val = slow->val;
node->left = buildBST(head, slow); node->left = buildBST(head, slow);
node->right = buildBST(slow->next, tail); node->right = buildBST(slow->next, tail);
return node; return node;
} }
struct TreeNode* sortedListToBST(struct ListNode* head){ struct TreeNode *sortedListToBST(struct ListNode *head)
{
if (!head) if (!head)
return NULL; return NULL;
else else
return buildBST(head, NULL); return buildBST(head, NULL);
} }

28
leetcode/src/11.c
View File

@ -1,30 +1,28 @@
//Fucntion to calculate min of values a and b // Fucntion to calculate min of values a and b
int min(int a, int b){ int min(int a, int b) { return ((a < b) ? a : b); }
return ((a<b)?a:b);
}
//Two pointer approach to find maximum container area // Two pointer approach to find maximum container area
int maxArea(int* height, int heightSize){ int maxArea(int *height, int heightSize)
{
//Start with maximum container width // Start with maximum container width
int start = 0; int start = 0;
int end = heightSize-1; int end = heightSize - 1;
int res = 0; int res = 0;
while(start<end){ while (start < end)
//Calculate current area by taking minimum of two heights {
int currArea = (end-start)*min(height[start],height[end]); // Calculate current area by taking minimum of two heights
int currArea = (end - start) * min(height[start], height[end]);
if(currArea>res) if (currArea > res)
res = currArea; res = currArea;
if(height[start]<height[end]) if (height[start] < height[end])
start = start + 1; start = start + 1;
else else
end = end - 1; end = end - 1;
} }
return res; return res;
} }

14
leetcode/src/110.c
View File

@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
int max(int a, int b) { int max(int a, int b) { return a >= b ? a : b; }
return a >= b ? a : b;
}
int height(struct TreeNode* root) { int height(struct TreeNode *root)
{
if (root == NULL) if (root == NULL)
return 0; return 0;
else else
return 1 + max(height(root->left), height(root->right)); return 1 + max(height(root->left), height(root->right));
} }
bool isBalanced(struct TreeNode* root){ bool isBalanced(struct TreeNode *root)
{
if (root == NULL) if (root == NULL)
return 1; return 1;
int left = height(root->left); int left = height(root->left);
int right = height(root->right); int right = height(root->right);
return abs(left - right) <= 1 && isBalanced(root->left) && isBalanced(root->right); return abs(left - right) <= 1 && isBalanced(root->left) &&
isBalanced(root->right);
} }

6
leetcode/src/112.c
View File

@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
bool hasPathSum(struct TreeNode* root, int sum) { bool hasPathSum(struct TreeNode *root, int sum)
{
if (root == NULL) if (root == NULL)
return 0; return 0;
if (!root->left && !root->right && sum - root->val == 0) if (!root->left && !root->right && sum - root->val == 0)
return 1; return 1;
return hasPathSum(root->left, sum - root->val) || hasPathSum(root->right, sum - root->val); return hasPathSum(root->left, sum - root->val) ||
hasPathSum(root->right, sum - root->val);
} }

32
leetcode/src/1184.c
View File

@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
int distanceBetweenBusStops(int* distance, int distanceSize, int start, int destination){ int distanceBetweenBusStops(int *distance, int distanceSize, int start,
int destination)
{
int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0; int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0;
if (start > destination) { if (start > destination)
int tmp = start; {
start = destination; int tmp = start;
destination = tmp; start = destination;
} destination = tmp;
for (auto i = 0; i < distanceSize; ++i) { }
if (i >= start && i < destination) for (auto i = 0; i < distanceSize; ++i)
sum1 += distance[i]; {
else if (i >= start && i < destination)
sum2 += distance[i]; sum1 += distance[i];
} else
return sum1 < sum2 ? sum1 : sum2; sum2 += distance[i];
}
return sum1 < sum2 ? sum1 : sum2;
} }

31
leetcode/src/1189.c
View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
int maxNumberOfBalloons(char * text){ int maxNumberOfBalloons(char *text)
{
/* /*
0 -> b, 0 -> b,
1 -> a, 1 -> a,
@ -9,16 +10,26 @@ int maxNumberOfBalloons(char * text){
int count_letters[5] = {0}; int count_letters[5] = {0};
int i, min_counter_ballons; int i, min_counter_ballons;
for (char *ptr = text; *ptr; ptr++) { for (char *ptr = text; *ptr; ptr++)
if (*ptr == 'b') { {
if (*ptr == 'b')
{
count_letters[0]++; count_letters[0]++;
} else if(*ptr == 'a') { }
else if (*ptr == 'a')
{
count_letters[1]++; count_letters[1]++;
} else if (*ptr == 'l') { }
else if (*ptr == 'l')
{
count_letters[2]++; count_letters[2]++;
} else if(*ptr == 'o') { }
else if (*ptr == 'o')
{
count_letters[3]++; count_letters[3]++;
} else if(*ptr == 'n') { }
else if (*ptr == 'n')
{
count_letters[4]++; count_letters[4]++;
} }
} }
@ -27,9 +38,11 @@ int maxNumberOfBalloons(char * text){
count_letters[2] /= 2; count_letters[2] /= 2;
count_letters[3] /= 2; count_letters[3] /= 2;
/* Max number of times which we can write ballon is equal to min value of letters on count_letter */ /* Max number of times which we can write ballon is equal to min value of
* letters on count_letter */
min_counter_ballons = count_letters[0]; min_counter_ballons = count_letters[0];
for (i = 1; i < 5; i++) { for (i = 1; i < 5; i++)
{
if (count_letters[i] < min_counter_ballons) if (count_letters[i] < min_counter_ballons)
min_counter_ballons = count_letters[i]; min_counter_ballons = count_letters[i];
} }

234
leetcode/src/12.c
View File

@ -1,164 +1,172 @@
char *getOne(char c){ char *getOne(char c)
switch (c) { {
case '9': switch (c)
return "IX"; {
case '9':
return "IX";
case '8': case '8':
return "VIII"; return "VIII";
case '7': case '7':
return "VII"; return "VII";
case '6': case '6':
return "VI"; return "VI";
case '5': case '5':
return "V"; return "V";
case '4': case '4':
return "IV"; return "IV";
case '3': case '3':
return "III"; return "III";
case '2': case '2':
return "II"; return "II";
case '1': case '1':
return "I"; return "I";
case '0': case '0':
return ""; return "";
default: default:
return NULL; return NULL;
} }
} }
char *getTen(char c){ char *getTen(char c)
switch (c) { {
case '9': switch (c)
return "XC"; {
case '9':
return "XC";
case '8': case '8':
return "LXXX"; return "LXXX";
case '7': case '7':
return "LXX"; return "LXX";
case '6': case '6':
return "LX"; return "LX";
case '5': case '5':
return "L"; return "L";
case '4': case '4':
return "XL"; return "XL";
case '3': case '3':
return "XXX"; return "XXX";
case '2': case '2':
return "XX"; return "XX";
case '1': case '1':
return "X"; return "X";
case '0': case '0':
return ""; return "";
default: default:
return NULL; return NULL;
}
}
char *getHundred(char c){
switch (c) {
case '9':
return "CM";
case '8':
return "DCCC";
case '7':
return "DCC";
case '6':
return "DC";
case '5':
return "D";
case '4':
return "CD";
case '3':
return "CCC";
case '2':
return "CC";
case '1':
return "C";
case '0':
return "";
default:
return NULL;
} }
} }
char *getThousand(char c){ char *getHundred(char c)
switch (c) { {
case '3': switch (c)
return "MMM"; {
case '9':
return "CM";
case '2': case '8':
return "MM"; return "DCCC";
case '1': case '7':
return "M"; return "DCC";
default: case '6':
return NULL; return "DC";
case '5':
return "D";
case '4':
return "CD";
case '3':
return "CCC";
case '2':
return "CC";
case '1':
return "C";
case '0':
return "";
default:
return NULL;
} }
} }
char *getThousand(char c)
{
switch (c)
{
case '3':
return "MMM";
case '2':
return "MM";
case '1':
return "M";
char * intToRoman(int num){ default:
return NULL;
}
}
char *intToRoman(int num)
{
int length; int length;
char number[5]; char number[5];
char *s = malloc(16*sizeof(char)); char *s = malloc(16 * sizeof(char));
sprintf(number, "%i", num); sprintf(number, "%i", num);
length = strlen(number); length = strlen(number);
switch (length){ switch (length)
case 4: {
sprintf(s,"%s%s%s%s", getThousand(number[0]), getHundred(number[1]), getTen(number[2]), getOne(number[3])); case 4:
break; sprintf(s, "%s%s%s%s", getThousand(number[0]), getHundred(number[1]),
getTen(number[2]), getOne(number[3]));
break;
case 3: case 3:
sprintf(s,"%s%s%s", getHundred(number[0]), getTen(number[1]), getOne(number[2])); sprintf(s, "%s%s%s", getHundred(number[0]), getTen(number[1]),
getOne(number[2]));
break; break;
case 2: case 2:
sprintf(s,"%s%s", getTen(number[0]), getOne(number[1])); sprintf(s, "%s%s", getTen(number[0]), getOne(number[1]));
break; break;
case 1: case 1:
s = getOne(number[0]); s = getOne(number[0]);
break; break;
default: default:
break; break;
} }
return s; return s;
} }

17
leetcode/src/1207.c
View File

@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
#define MAP_SIZE 2048 #define MAP_SIZE 2048
int cmpvalue(const void *a, const void *b) { int cmpvalue(const void *a, const void *b) { return *(int *)b - *(int *)a; }
return *(int *)b - *(int *)a; bool uniqueOccurrences(int *arr, int arrSize)
} {
bool uniqueOccurrences(int* arr, int arrSize){
int *map = calloc(MAP_SIZE, sizeof(int)); int *map = calloc(MAP_SIZE, sizeof(int));
int i; int i;
for(i = 0; i < arrSize; i++) { for (i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
if (arr[i] < 0) if (arr[i] < 0)
map[arr[i] + MAP_SIZE/2] += 1; map[arr[i] + MAP_SIZE / 2] += 1;
else else
map[arr[i]] += 1; map[arr[i]] += 1;
} }
@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ bool uniqueOccurrences(int* arr, int arrSize){
Ex: 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 */ Ex: 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 */
qsort(map, MAP_SIZE, sizeof(int), cmpvalue); qsort(map, MAP_SIZE, sizeof(int), cmpvalue);
i = 0; i = 0;
while(map[i]) { while (map[i])
if(map[i] == map[i+1]) {
if (map[i] == map[i + 1])
return 0; return 0;
i++; i++;
} }

26
leetcode/src/121.c
View File

@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
int maxcmp(int a, int b) { int maxcmp(int a, int b) { return (a >= b) ? a : b; }
return (a >= b)? a : b;
}
/* max subarray problem by using Kadane's Algorithm /* max subarray problem by using Kadane's Algorithm
*/ */
int maxProfit(int* prices, int pricesSize){ int maxProfit(int *prices, int pricesSize)
/* maxCur: current maximum {
* maxSoFar: found maximum for subarray so far /* maxCur: current maximum
*/ * maxSoFar: found maximum for subarray so far
int maxCur = 0, maxSoFar = 0; */
for(int i = 1; i < pricesSize; i++) { int maxCur = 0, maxSoFar = 0;
maxCur = maxcmp(0, maxCur + prices[i] - prices[i - 1]); for (int i = 1; i < pricesSize; i++)
maxSoFar = maxcmp(maxSoFar, maxCur); {
} maxCur = maxcmp(0, maxCur + prices[i] - prices[i - 1]);
return maxSoFar; maxSoFar = maxcmp(maxSoFar, maxCur);
}
return maxSoFar;
} }

18
leetcode/src/125.c
View File

@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
bool isPalindrome(char * s){ bool isPalindrome(char *s)
{
int start = 0, end = strlen(s) - 1; int start = 0, end = strlen(s) - 1;
while(start < end) { while (start < end)
if (!isalpha(s[start]) && !isalnum(s[start])) { {
if (!isalpha(s[start]) && !isalnum(s[start]))
{
start++; start++;
} }
else if (!isalpha(s[end]) && !isalnum(s[end])) { else if (!isalpha(s[end]) && !isalnum(s[end]))
{
end--; end--;
} else { }
else
{
char c1 = tolower(s[start]); char c1 = tolower(s[start]);
char c2 = tolower(s[end]); char c2 = tolower(s[end]);
if(c1 != c2) if (c1 != c2)
return 0; return 0;
start++; start++;
end--; end--;

91
leetcode/src/13.c
View File

@ -1,48 +1,57 @@
int romanToInt(char * s){ int romanToInt(char *s)
{
int romanToInt = 0; int romanToInt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(s); i++) { for (int i = 0; i < strlen(s); i++)
switch(s[i]) { {
case 'I': switch (s[i])
if (i+1 < strlen(s)) { {
if (s[i + 1] == 'V' || s[i + 1] == 'X') { case 'I':
romanToInt -= 1; if (i + 1 < strlen(s))
break; {
} if (s[i + 1] == 'V' || s[i + 1] == 'X')
{
romanToInt -= 1;
break;
} }
romanToInt += 1; }
break; romanToInt += 1;
case 'V': break;
romanToInt += 5; case 'V':
break; romanToInt += 5;
case 'X': break;
if (i+1 < strlen(s)) { case 'X':
if (s[i + 1] == 'L' || s[i + 1] == 'C') { if (i + 1 < strlen(s))
romanToInt -= 10; {
break; if (s[i + 1] == 'L' || s[i + 1] == 'C')
} {
romanToInt -= 10;
break;
} }
romanToInt += 10; }
break; romanToInt += 10;
case 'L': break;
romanToInt += 50; case 'L':
break; romanToInt += 50;
case 'C': break;
if (i+1 < strlen(s)) { case 'C':
if (s[i + 1] == 'D' || s[i + 1] == 'M') { if (i + 1 < strlen(s))
romanToInt -= 100; {
break; if (s[i + 1] == 'D' || s[i + 1] == 'M')
} {
romanToInt -= 100;
break;
} }
romanToInt += 100; }
break; romanToInt += 100;
case 'D': break;
romanToInt += 500; case 'D':
break; romanToInt += 500;
case 'M': break;
romanToInt += 1000; case 'M':
break; romanToInt += 1000;
default: break;
break; default:
break;
} }
} }
return romanToInt; return romanToInt;

5
leetcode/src/136.c
View File

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
int singleNumber(int* nums, int numsSize){ int singleNumber(int *nums, int numsSize)
{
int i, result = 0; int i, result = 0;
for(i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) for (i = 0; i < numsSize; i++)
result = result ^ nums[i]; result = result ^ nums[i];
return result; return result;
} }

15
leetcode/src/141.c
View File

@ -5,12 +5,15 @@
* struct ListNode *next; * struct ListNode *next;
* }; * };
*/ */
bool hasCycle(struct ListNode *head) { bool hasCycle(struct ListNode *head)
struct ListNode *fast=head, *slow=head; {
while( slow && fast && fast->next ){ struct ListNode *fast = head, *slow = head;
fast=fast->next->next; while (slow && fast && fast->next)
slow=slow->next; {
if(fast==slow) return true; fast = fast->next->next;
slow = slow->next;
if (fast == slow)
return true;
} }
return false; return false;
} }

16
leetcode/src/142.c
View File

@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
struct ListNode *detectCycle(struct ListNode *head) { struct ListNode *detectCycle(struct ListNode *head)
{
if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL) if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL)
return NULL; return NULL;
struct ListNode *slow, *fast; struct ListNode *slow, *fast;
slow = fast = head; slow = fast = head;
while(fast && fast->next) { while (fast && fast->next)
{
slow = slow->next; slow = slow->next;
fast = fast->next->next; fast = fast->next->next;
if(slow == fast) { if (slow == fast)
{
struct ListNode *entry = head; struct ListNode *entry = head;
while(slow != entry) { while (slow != entry)
slow = slow -> next; {
entry = entry -> next; slow = slow->next;
entry = entry->next;
} }
return entry; return entry;
} }

8
leetcode/src/153.c
View File

@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
int findMin(int* nums, int numsSize){ int findMin(int *nums, int numsSize)
{
int low = 0, high = numsSize - 1; int low = 0, high = numsSize - 1;
while (low < high) { while (low < high)
int mid = low + (high - low) / 2; {
int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
/* minimum is on left side */ /* minimum is on left side */
if (nums[mid] < nums[high]) if (nums[mid] < nums[high])
high = mid; high = mid;

18
leetcode/src/160.c
View File

@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
struct ListNode *getIntersectionNode(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB) { struct ListNode *getIntersectionNode(struct ListNode *headA,
struct ListNode *headB)
{
struct ListNode *cur1 = headA, *cur2 = headB; struct ListNode *cur1 = headA, *cur2 = headB;
if(cur1 == NULL || cur2 == NULL) if (cur1 == NULL || cur2 == NULL)
return NULL; return NULL;
while (cur1 && cur2 && cur1 != cur2) { while (cur1 && cur2 && cur1 != cur2)
cur1 = cur1 -> next; {
cur2 = cur2 -> next; cur1 = cur1->next;
cur2 = cur2->next;
if (cur1 == cur2) if (cur1 == cur2)
return cur1; return cur1;
if(!cur1) if (!cur1)
cur1 = headB; cur1 = headB;
if(!cur2) if (!cur2)
cur2 = headA; cur2 = headA;
} }
return cur1; return cur1;
} }

12
leetcode/src/169.c
View File

@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
/* Boyer-Moore Majority Vote Algorithm /* Boyer-Moore Majority Vote Algorithm
* http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~moore/best-ideas/mjrty/ */ * http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~moore/best-ideas/mjrty/ */
int majorityElement(int* nums, int numsSize){ int majorityElement(int *nums, int numsSize)
{
int count = 1; int count = 1;
int majorNum = nums[0]; int majorNum = nums[0];
for (int i = 1; i < numsSize; i++) { for (int i = 1; i < numsSize; i++)
if(count == 0) { {
if (count == 0)
{
majorNum = nums[i]; majorNum = nums[i];
count++; count++;
} else if (majorNum == nums[i]) }
else if (majorNum == nums[i])
count++; count++;
else else
count--; count--;

38
leetcode/src/173.c
View File

@ -9,37 +9,41 @@
#include <limits.h> #include <limits.h>
typedef struct { typedef struct
{
int *values; int *values;
int CurrentIndex; int CurrentIndex;
int NumberOfNodes; int NumberOfNodes;
} BSTIterator; } BSTIterator;
void TraverseAndAssign(struct TreeNode *root, BSTIterator *obj) { void TraverseAndAssign(struct TreeNode *root, BSTIterator *obj)
if(!root) {
if (!root)
return; return;
if(root->left) if (root->left)
TraverseAndAssign(root->left, obj); TraverseAndAssign(root->left, obj);
obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex] = root->val; obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex] = root->val;
obj->CurrentIndex++; obj->CurrentIndex++;
if(root->right) if (root->right)
TraverseAndAssign(root->right, obj); TraverseAndAssign(root->right, obj);
} }
int TotalNodes(struct TreeNode *root) { int TotalNodes(struct TreeNode *root)
if(!root) {
if (!root)
return 0; return 0;
int nodes_left = TotalNodes(root->left); int nodes_left = TotalNodes(root->left);
int nodes_right = TotalNodes(root->right); int nodes_right = TotalNodes(root->right);
return nodes_left + nodes_right + 1; return nodes_left + nodes_right + 1;
} }
BSTIterator* bSTIteratorCreate(struct TreeNode* root) { BSTIterator *bSTIteratorCreate(struct TreeNode *root)
{
int n = TotalNodes(root); int n = TotalNodes(root);
int size = n+1; int size = n + 1;
printf("%d", size); printf("%d", size);
BSTIterator *obj = (BSTIterator*)malloc(sizeof(BSTIterator)); BSTIterator *obj = (BSTIterator *)malloc(sizeof(BSTIterator));
obj->values = (int*)calloc(size, sizeof(int)); obj->values = (int *)calloc(size, sizeof(int));
obj->CurrentIndex = 0; obj->CurrentIndex = 0;
obj->NumberOfNodes = n; obj->NumberOfNodes = n;
obj->values[size - 1] = INT_MAX; obj->values[size - 1] = INT_MAX;
@ -49,22 +53,26 @@ BSTIterator* bSTIteratorCreate(struct TreeNode* root) {
} }
/** @return the next smallest number */ /** @return the next smallest number */
int bSTIteratorNext(BSTIterator* obj) { int bSTIteratorNext(BSTIterator *obj)
{
int NextValue = obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex]; int NextValue = obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex];
obj->CurrentIndex++; obj->CurrentIndex++;
return NextValue; return NextValue;
} }
/** @return whether we have a next smallest number */ /** @return whether we have a next smallest number */
bool bSTIteratorHasNext(BSTIterator* obj) { bool bSTIteratorHasNext(BSTIterator *obj)
if(!obj->NumberOfNodes) { {
if (!obj->NumberOfNodes)
{
return false; return false;
} }
printf(" Here "); printf(" Here ");
return (obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex] == INT_MAX) ? false : true; return (obj->values[obj->CurrentIndex] == INT_MAX) ? false : true;
} }
void bSTIteratorFree(BSTIterator* obj) { void bSTIteratorFree(BSTIterator *obj)
{
free(obj->values); free(obj->values);
free(obj); free(obj);
} }

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