Added Cartesian to Polar coordinates algorithm (#355)

Added Cartesian to Polar coordinates algorithm

misc/cartesianToPolar.c

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+const double pi = 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884;
+
+/**
+give as arguments to the executable two x and y coordinates
+outputs a polar coordinate
+**/
+int main() {
+    double x, y;
+    double r, theta, thetaFinal;
+    scanf("%lf %lf", &x, &y);
+    r = hypot(x, y);
+	if (x != 0) {
+		if (y != 0) {
+			theta = atan(y / x);
+			if ((x > 0 && y > 0) || (x == -y)) { //Q1
+				thetaFinal = theta;
+			} else if (x < 0 && y > 0) { //Q2
+				thetaFinal = theta + pi;
+			} else if (x < 0 && y < 0) { //Q3
+				thetaFinal = theta - pi;
+			} else if (x > 0 && y < 0) { //Q4
+				thetaFinal = 2 * pi - theta;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (x == 0) { //exceptions when no actual angle is present
+		if (y > 0) {
+			thetaFinal = pi / 2;
+		} else {
+			thetaFinal = -(pi / 2);
+		}
+	}
+	if (y == 0) {
+		if (x > 0) {
+			thetaFinal = 0;
+		} else {
+			thetaFinal = -pi;
+		}
+	}
+	printf("%.2f %.2f\n", r, atan2(y, x));
+}