TheAlgorithms-C/numerical_methods/qr_decompose.h

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/**
* @file
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* \brief Library functions to compute [QR
* decomposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_decomposition) of a given
* matrix.
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* \author [Krishna Vedala](https://github.com/kvedala)
*/
#ifndef QR_DECOMPOSE_H
#define QR_DECOMPOSE_H
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#ifdef _OPENMP
#include <omp.h>
#endif
/**
* function to display matrix on stdout
*/
void print_matrix(double **A, /**< matrix to print */
int M, /**< number of rows of matrix */
int N) /**< number of columns of matrix */
{
for (int row = 0; row < M; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < N; col++) printf("% 9.3g\t", A[row][col]);
putchar('\n');
}
putchar('\n');
}
/**
* Compute dot product of two vectors of equal lengths
*
* If \f$\vec{a}=\left[a_0,a_1,a_2,...,a_L\right]\f$ and
* \f$\vec{b}=\left[b_0,b_1,b_1,...,b_L\right]\f$ then
* \f$\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}=\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^L a_i\times b_i\f$
*
* \returns \f$\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}\f$
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*/
double vector_dot(double *a, double *b, int L)
{
double mag = 0.f;
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int i;
#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp parallel for reduction(+ : mag)
#endif
for (i = 0; i < L; i++) mag += a[i] * b[i];
return mag;
}
/**
* Compute magnitude of vector.
*
* If \f$\vec{a}=\left[a_0,a_1,a_2,...,a_L\right]\f$ then
* \f$\left|\vec{a}\right|=\sqrt{\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^L a_i^2}\f$
*
* \returns \f$\left|\vec{a}\right|\f$
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*/
double vector_mag(double *vector, int L)
{
double dot = vector_dot(vector, vector, L);
return sqrt(dot);
}
/**
* Compute projection of vector \f$\vec{a}\f$ on \f$\vec{b}\f$ defined as
* \f[\text{proj}_\vec{b}\vec{a}=\frac{\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}}{\left|\vec{b}\right|^2}\vec{b}\f]
*
* \returns NULL if error, otherwise pointer to output
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*/
double *vector_proj(double *a, double *b, double *out, int L)
{
const double num = vector_dot(a, b, L);
const double deno = vector_dot(b, b, L);
if (deno == 0) /*! check for division by zero */
return NULL;
const double scalar = num / deno;
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int i;
#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp for
#endif
for (i = 0; i < L; i++) out[i] = scalar * b[i];
return out;
}
/**
* Compute vector subtraction
*
* \f$\vec{c}=\vec{a}-\vec{b}\f$
*
* \returns pointer to output vector
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*/
double *vector_sub(double *a, /**< minuend */
double *b, /**< subtrahend */
double *out, /**< resultant vector */
int L /**< length of vectors */
)
{
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int i;
#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp for
#endif
for (i = 0; i < L; i++) out[i] = a[i] - b[i];
return out;
}
/**
* Decompose matrix \f$A\f$ using [Gram-Schmidt
*process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_decomposition).
*
* \f{eqnarray*}{
* \text{given that}\quad A &=&
*\left[\mathbf{a}_1,\mathbf{a}_2,\ldots,\mathbf{a}_{N-1},\right]\\
* \text{where}\quad\mathbf{a}_i &=&
*\left[a_{0i},a_{1i},a_{2i},\ldots,a_{(M-1)i}\right]^T\quad\ldots\mbox{(column
*vectors)}\\
* \text{then}\quad\mathbf{u}_i &=& \mathbf{a}_i
*-\sum_{j=0}^{i-1}\text{proj}_{\mathbf{u}_j}\mathbf{a}_i\\
* \mathbf{e}_i &=&\frac{\mathbf{u}_i}{\left|\mathbf{u}_i\right|}\\
* Q &=& \begin{bmatrix}\mathbf{e}_0 & \mathbf{e}_1 & \mathbf{e}_2 & \dots &
*\mathbf{e}_{N-1}\end{bmatrix}\\
* R &=& \begin{bmatrix}\langle\mathbf{e}_0\,,\mathbf{a}_0\rangle &
*\langle\mathbf{e}_1\,,\mathbf{a}_1\rangle &
*\langle\mathbf{e}_2\,,\mathbf{a}_2\rangle & \dots \\
* 0 & \langle\mathbf{e}_1\,,\mathbf{a}_1\rangle &
*\langle\mathbf{e}_2\,,\mathbf{a}_2\rangle & \dots\\
* 0 & 0 & \langle\mathbf{e}_2\,,\mathbf{a}_2\rangle & \dots\\
* \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots
* \end{bmatrix}\\
* \f}
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*/
void qr_decompose(double **A, /**< input matrix to decompose */
double **Q, /**< output decomposed matrix */
double **R, /**< output decomposed matrix */
int M, /**< number of rows of matrix A */
int N /**< number of columns of matrix A */
)
{
double *col_vector = (double *)malloc(M * sizeof(double));
double *col_vector2 = (double *)malloc(M * sizeof(double));
double *tmp_vector = (double *)malloc(M * sizeof(double));
for (int i = 0; i < N;
i++) /* for each column => R is a square matrix of NxN */
{
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int j;
#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp for
#endif
for (j = 0; j < i; j++) /* second dimension of column */
R[i][j] = 0.; /* make R upper triangular */
/* get corresponding Q vector */
#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp for
#endif
for (j = 0; j < M; j++)
{
tmp_vector[j] = A[j][i]; /* accumulator for uk */
col_vector[j] = A[j][i];
}
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for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < M; k++) col_vector2[k] = Q[k][j];
vector_proj(col_vector, col_vector2, col_vector2, M);
vector_sub(tmp_vector, col_vector2, tmp_vector, M);
}
double mag = vector_mag(tmp_vector, M);
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#ifdef _OPENMP
// parallelize on threads
#pragma omp for
#endif
for (j = 0; j < M; j++) Q[j][i] = tmp_vector[j] / mag;
/* compute upper triangular values of R */
for (int kk = 0; kk < M; kk++) col_vector[kk] = Q[kk][i];
for (int k = i; k < N; k++)
{
for (int kk = 0; kk < M; kk++) col_vector2[kk] = A[kk][k];
R[i][k] = vector_dot(col_vector, col_vector2, M);
}
}
free(col_vector);
free(col_vector2);
free(tmp_vector);
}
#endif // QR_DECOMPOSE_H