303 lines
13 KiB
HTML
Executable File
303 lines
13 KiB
HTML
Executable File
<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>bochs: The Open Source IA-32 Emulation Project (Linux Documentation)</TITLE>
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<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
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<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="GLOBAL">
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Bochs IA-32 Emulator provides a virtual PC that can run operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and BSD.">
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<META NAME="copyright" CONTENT="Copyright 2001 The Bochs Project.">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="pc emulation, vmware, win4lin, netraverse, trelos, x86 emulation, emulator,insignia, softpc, connectix, virtualpc, fx!32, freemware, dynamic translation,open source, gnu, linux, windows, bsd">
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<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Bryce Denney">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html;CHARSET=iso-8859-1">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VLINK="#000000" ALINK="#000000" LINK="#000000" TOPMARGIN="0" LEFTMARGIN="0" MARGINWIDTH="0" MARGINHEIGHT="0">
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<BR>
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<center>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="5">
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<b>The Bochs IA-32 Emulator Project</b> <BR>
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<b>Linux Documentation</b>
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</font>
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</center>
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<BR>
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<BR>
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This file is an introduction to Bochs, written for Linux users. It assumes
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that you have just downloaded a Bochs binary distribution, and now you want to
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see it work!
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<BR><BR>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>Contents</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#recent">Where is the most recent version?</a>
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<li><a href="#files">What files were installed?</a>
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<li>Where's the <a href="docs-html/faq.html">FAQ</a>?
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<li>Where is the rest of the documentation? (<a href="docs-html/index.html">local copy</a> - <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/docs-html">online</a>)
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<li><a href="#quickstart">How can I try out Bochs in 10 minutes or less?</a>
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<li><a href="#tools">What tools are included in this package?</a>
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<li><a href="#learnmore">How do I learn more?</a>
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<li>Do you guys have a website? <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net">Take me there!</a>
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</ul>
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<a name="recent"></a>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>Where is the most recent version?</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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All versions of Bochs can be downloaded from the Bochs website at
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<a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net"> http://bochs.sourceforge.net </a>.
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In the top-left corner of the web page, there is a link to the latest
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release. On the web site, in addition to downloading Bochs, you can join
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the bochs-developers or bochs-announce mailing lists, submit bug reports,
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view the source code, and much more.
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<BR>
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<a name="files"></a>
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<BR>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>What files were installed?</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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When you install a Bochs RPM for Linux, you get the Bochs executables and
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tools, ROM image files, documentation, and a sample disk image that allows
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Bochs to boot Linux. Here is a list of the files that are installed by the
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RPM, and a brief description of each one. The files which can be viewed in
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text form are shown as links. <br>
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<table align=center border=1>
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<th>File name </th> <th> Description </th>
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<tr><td><a href="README ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/README </a></td> <td> the ReadMe file from the source distribution. </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="COPYING ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/COPYING </a></td> <td> copy of the LGPL license </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="DOC-linux.html ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/DOC-linux.html </a></td> <td> this file </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/man/man1/* </td> <td> man pages for bochs, bochs-dlx, bochsrc, and bximage </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="docs-html/index.html ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/docs-html/* </a></td> <td> a local copy of all Bochs documentation ( <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/docs-html">Online copy</a> )</td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="CHANGES ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/CHANGES </a></td> <td> what is changed between versions </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/BIOS-bochs-latest </td> <td> ROM BIOS image for Bochs </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/VGABIOS-elpin-2.40 </td> <td> VGA BIOS image for Bochs </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="VGABIOS-elpin-LICENSE ">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/VGABIOS-elpin-LICENSE </a></td> <td> license for VGA BIOS </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="bochsrc-sample.txt">/usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/bochsrc-sample.txt</a></td> <td> sample Bochs configuration file </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bin/bochs </td> <td> the main Bochs executable (This is actually a symbolic link to /usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/bochs) </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bin/bximage </td> <td> tool for making new disk images (This is actually a symbolic link to /usr/local/bochs/@VERSION@/bximage)</td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bin/bochs-docs </td> <td> script to start up browser with this page </td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bin/bochs-dlx </td> <td> run this script to try out DLX Linux inside Bochs!</td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux/ </td> <td> directory containing DLX linux sample disk image </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="../dlxlinux/README ">/usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux/README </a></td> <td> description of DLX linux</td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="../dlxlinux/bochsrc.txt ">/usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux/bochsrc.txt </a></td> <td> Bochs configuration file for DLX</td> </tr>
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<tr><td>/usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux/hd10meg.img </td> <td> disk image file (10 meg) </td> </tr>
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<tr><td><a href="../dlxlinux/testform.txt ">/usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux/testform.txt </a></td> <td> Form for reporting success or failure </td> </tr>
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</table>
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<a name="quickstart"></a>
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<BR>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>How can I try out Bochs in 10 minutes or less?</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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This RPM package includes a sample disk image containing DLX Linux, which you
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can boot within Bochs. To start up DLX linux, just type "bochs-dlx" in an
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xterm. This will create a Bochs Display window, and print some log messages
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into the xterm. The display window is the most interesting, but if something
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goes wrong the log messages should give an idea of what has happened.
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<br><br>
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One common problem in X windows is that the screen colors can be abnormal
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if other X programs have already allocated all the colors. (This assumes that
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you are in 8-bit color mode.) If the colors don't look right, try quitting
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netscape, clearing any complex images in the background, etc. so that Bochs
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has a chance to allocate the colors it needs.
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<br><br>
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Meanwhile, the Bochs display screen looks like a PC booting, and in fact it is!
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Bochs begins simulating a PC from the time the power turns on. You will see
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the VGA BIOS message, and it begins loading Linux from the disk image. (The
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disk image is just a big file that Bochs uses as if it were a real hard drive.)
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After a while, you see Linux boot messages and eventually a login prompt. You
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are now running DLX Linux in a window!
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<br><br>
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Bochs simulates every instruction of an x86 CPU, so it is very memory- and
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compute-intensive. The speed of your real CPU will make a big difference in
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how fast the DLX Linux image boots. On a 750MHz Pentium, the sample Linux
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image takes about 25 seconds to boot.
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<br><br>
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Booting is complete when you see "dlx login:" and a cursor. At this login
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prompt, type "root". On UNIX systems, root is the system admin user.
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There is no password for root on this image, so it lets you log in
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immediately. Now you should see a UNIX prompt, and you can begin to
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type UNIX commands.
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<BR><br>
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<center>
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<table border=1>
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<td>
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<PRE>
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Welcome to DLX V1.0 (C) 1995-96 Erich Boehm
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(C) 1995 Hannes Boehm
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dlx login: <b>root</b>
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Linux 1.3.89.
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dlx:~# <b>pwd</b>
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/root
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dlx:~# <b>cd /</b>
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dlx:~# <b>ls</b>
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bin/ etc/ lost+found/ root/ usr/
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boot/ fd/ mnt/ sbin/ var/
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dev/ lib/ proc/ tmp/ zip/
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dlx:/# <b>df</b>
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Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
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/dev/hda1 10060 2736 6005 29% /
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dlx:/# _
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</PRE>
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</td>
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</table>
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</center>
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<br>
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One thing you may notice is that the screen saver turns on (screen goes
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blank) very quickly when you have stopped typing. The reason is that Bochs
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always simulates as fast as it can. If the CPU is very busy (running
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instructions nonstop), simulated time goes by slowly. If the CPU is idle (just
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waiting for you to type, for example), simulated time speeds up dramatically.
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In any case, If the screen saver blanks out the screen, just press a key (try
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shift or control) to restore the screen.
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<br>
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<br>
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When you get tired of playing with DLX Linux, just type "reboot" in the Bochs
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window to shut down the DLX Linux operating system. You can also press
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the "Power" button to stop the simulation.
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<br>
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<br>
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In this brief introduction you saw how Bochs can boot and run an x86 operating
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system in a window. It doesn't have to be Linux, of course! Various people
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have been able to install and run DOS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98,
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Windows NT, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and probably others that we've
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never even heard of. In fact Bochs is used by many operating system developers
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to test out their software in a controlled environment without having to
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reboot their development machine.
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<br><br>
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<a name="tools"></a>
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<BR>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>What tools are included in this package?</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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Other than the bochs binary, there is a disk image creation tool
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called bximage, a script called bochs-docs which calls up this
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page in a browser, and a script called bochs-dlx which makes it easy
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to start up DLX Linux.
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<br><br>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="3">
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<b>bochs-dlx</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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This script makes it quick and easy to start up DLX Linux within bochs.
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"bochs-dlx" should run as soon as you install the RPM. All the script actually
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does is to cd into /usr/local/bochs/dlxlinux and then run bochs from there.
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<br><br>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="3">
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<b>bochs-docs</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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The bochs-docs script starts up your web browser and points it
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to this HTML file. If you don't have netscape installed, you will
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have to edit the BROWSER variable in bochs-docs to make it work.
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<br><br>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="3">
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<b>bximage</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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Bximage is a small program that helps to create empty floppy disk
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and hard disk images. To use it, you should run bximage in an xterm.
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Just CD to the directory where you want the disk images to go, and run bximage.
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Bximage will ask you some questions about what type of disk image you need, and
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then create one for
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you.
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<br><br>
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Here is an example run of bximage, in which I made a 12-meg hard disk image called c.img. The default answer to a question is always printed in brackets.
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If you want to accept the default choice, you can just press return. Also,
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you can always quit bximage by pressing Control-C.
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<br><br>
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<table align=center border=1>
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<td>
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<pre>
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linux$ <b>bximage</b>
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========================================================================
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bximage
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Disk Image Creation Tool for Bochs
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========================================================================
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Do you want to create a floppy disk image or a hard disk image?
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Please type hd or fd. [hd]
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Enter the hard disk size in megabytes, between 1 and 32255
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[10] <b>12</b>
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I will create a hard disk image with
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cyl=24
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heads=16
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sectors per track=63
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total sectors=24192
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total size=11.81 megabytes
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What should I name the image?
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[c.img]
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Writing: [............] Done.
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I wrote 12386304 bytes to c.img.
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The following line should appear in your bochsrc:
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diskc: file="c.img", cyl=24, heads=16, spt=63
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</pre>
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</td>
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</table>
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<br><br>
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In order for Bochs to know to use the hard disk image, you should type
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the diskc line into your bochsrc.txt. You can also change it to diskd
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if you already have a diskc line, but be careful not to have both
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diskd and cdromd--these options cannot be used together.
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<br><br>
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<a name="learnmore"></a>
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<BR>
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<font face="arial, helvetica" color="#1e029a" size="4">
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<b>Where can I learn more?</b>
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</font>
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<BR>
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Here are some sources of more information about Bochs:
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<ul>
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<li> The rest of the documentation (<a href="docs-html/index.html"> local copy</a> - <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/docs-html">online</a>)
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<li> The bochs-developers mailing list ( <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/mailinglists.html"> online </a>)
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<li> The Bochs website at <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net">http://bochs.sourceforge.net</a> has a collection of disk images of different operating systems. Some disk images are the size of a floppy disk (1 meg compressed) and others are gigantic (160 meg compressed). ( <a href="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/diskimages.html">Go there</a> )
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</ul>
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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