kuroko/compiler.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include "kuroko.h"
#include "compiler.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "scanner.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "vm.h"

typedef struct {
	KrkToken current;
	KrkToken previous;
	int hadError;
	int panicMode;
} Parser;

typedef enum {
	PREC_NONE,
	PREC_ASSIGNMENT, /* = */
	PREC_OR,         /* or */
	PREC_AND,        /* and */
	PREC_EQUALITY,   /* == != in */
	PREC_COMPARISON, /* < > <= >= */
	PREC_TERM,       /* + - */
	PREC_FACTOR,     /* * */
	PREC_UNARY,      /* ! - not */
	PREC_CALL,       /* . () */
	PREC_PRIMARY
} Precedence;

typedef void (*ParseFn)(int);

typedef struct {
	const char * name;
	ParseFn prefix;
	ParseFn infix;
	Precedence precedence;
} ParseRule;

typedef struct {
	KrkToken name;
	ssize_t depth;
	int isCaptured;
} Local;

typedef struct {
	size_t index;
	int    isLocal;
} Upvalue;

typedef enum {
	TYPE_FUNCTION,
	TYPE_MODULE,
	TYPE_METHOD,
	TYPE_INIT,
} FunctionType;

#define MAX_LOCALS 256
typedef struct Compiler {
	struct Compiler * enclosing;
	KrkFunction * function;
	FunctionType type;
	Local  locals[MAX_LOCALS];
	size_t localCount;
	size_t scopeDepth;
	Upvalue upvalues[MAX_LOCALS];
} Compiler;

typedef struct ClassCompiler {
	struct ClassCompiler * enclosing;
	KrkToken name;
	int hasSuperClass;
} ClassCompiler;

Parser parser;
Compiler * current = NULL;
ClassCompiler * currentClass = NULL;

static KrkChunk * currentChunk() {
	return &current->function->chunk;
}

#define EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(opc, arg) do { if (arg < 256) { emitBytes(opc, arg); } \
	else { emitBytes(opc ## _LONG, arg >> 16); emitBytes(arg >> 8, arg); } } while (0)

static void initCompiler(Compiler * compiler, FunctionType type) {
	compiler->enclosing = current;
	compiler->function = NULL;
	compiler->type = type;
	compiler->localCount = 0;
	compiler->scopeDepth = 0;
	compiler->function = krk_newFunction();
	current = compiler;

	if (type != TYPE_MODULE) {
		current->function->name = krk_copyString(parser.previous.start, parser.previous.length);
	}

	Local * local = &current->locals[current->localCount++];
	local->depth = 0;
	local->isCaptured = 0;

	if (type != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
		local->name.start = "self";
		local->name.length = 4;
	} else {
		local->name.start = "";
		local->name.length = 0;
	}
}

static void parsePrecedence(Precedence precedence);
static ssize_t parseVariable(const char * errorMessage);
static void variable(int canAssign);
static void defineVariable(size_t global);
static uint8_t argumentList();
static ssize_t identifierConstant(KrkToken * name);
static ssize_t resolveLocal(Compiler * compiler, KrkToken * name);
static ParseRule * getRule(KrkTokenType type);
static void defDeclaration();
static void expression();
static void statement();
static void declaration();
static void or_(int canAssign);
static void and_(int canAssign);
static void classDeclaration();
static void declareVariable();
static void namedVariable(KrkToken name, int canAssign);
static void addLocal(KrkToken name);

static void errorAt(KrkToken * token, const char * message) {
	if (parser.panicMode) return;
	parser.panicMode = 1;

	size_t i = (token->col - 1);
	while (token->linePtr[i] && token->linePtr[i] != '\n') i++;

	fprintf(stderr, "Parse error in \"%s\" on line %d col %d (%s): %s\n"
					"    %.*s\033[31m%.*s\033[39m%.*s\n"
					"    %-*s\033[31m^\033[39m\n",
		currentChunk()->filename->chars,
		(int)token->line,
		(int)token->col,
		getRule(token->type)->name,
		message,
		(int)(token->col - 1),
		token->linePtr,
		(int)(token->literalWidth),
		token->linePtr + (token->col - 1),
		(int)(i - (token->col - 1 + token->literalWidth)),
		token->linePtr + (token->col - 1 + token->literalWidth),
		(int)token->col-1,
		""
		);
	parser.hadError = 1;
}

static void error(const char * message) {
	errorAt(&parser.previous, message);
}

static void errorAtCurrent(const char * message) {
	errorAt(&parser.current, message);
}

static void advance() {
	parser.previous = parser.current;

	for (;;) {
		parser.current = krk_scanToken();

#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUGGING
		if (vm.flags & KRK_ENABLE_DEBUGGING) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Token %d (start=%p, length=%d) '%.*s' on line %d\n", parser.current.type,
				parser.current.start,
				(int)parser.current.length,
				(int)parser.current.length,
				parser.current.start,
				(int)parser.current.line);
		}
#endif

		if (parser.current.type == TOKEN_RETRY) continue;
		if (parser.current.type != TOKEN_ERROR) break;

		errorAtCurrent(parser.current.start);
	}
}

static void consume(KrkTokenType type, const char * message) {
	if (parser.current.type == type) {
		advance();
		return;
	}

	errorAtCurrent(message);
}

static int check(KrkTokenType type) {
	return parser.current.type == type;
}

static int match(KrkTokenType type) {
	if (!check(type)) return 0;
	advance();
	return 1;
}

static int identifiersEqual(KrkToken * a, KrkToken * b) {
	return (a->length == b->length && memcmp(a->start, b->start, a->length) == 0);
}

static KrkToken syntheticToken(const char * text) {
	KrkToken token;
	token.start = text;
	token.length = (int)strlen(text);
	return token;
}

static void emitByte(uint8_t byte) {
	krk_writeChunk(currentChunk(), byte, parser.previous.line);
}

static void emitBytes(uint8_t byte1, uint8_t byte2) {
	emitByte(byte1);
	emitByte(byte2);
}

static void emitReturn() {
	if (current->type == TYPE_INIT) {
		emitBytes(OP_GET_LOCAL, 0);
	} else if (current->type == TYPE_MODULE) {
		/* Un-pop the last stack value */
		emitBytes(OP_GET_LOCAL, 1);
	} else {
		emitByte(OP_NONE);
	}
	emitByte(OP_RETURN);
}

static KrkFunction * endCompiler() {
	emitReturn();
	KrkFunction * function = current->function;
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUGGING
	if ((vm.flags & KRK_ENABLE_DEBUGGING) && !parser.hadError) {
		krk_disassembleChunk(currentChunk(), function->name != NULL ? function->name->chars : "<module>");
	}
#endif

	current = current->enclosing;
	return function;
}

static void endOfLine() {
	if (!(match(TOKEN_EOL) || match(TOKEN_EOF))) {
		errorAtCurrent("Expected end of line.");
	}
}

static size_t emitConstant(KrkValue value) {
	return krk_writeConstant(currentChunk(), value, parser.previous.line);
}

static void number(int canAssign) {
	const char * start = parser.previous.start;
	int base = 10;

	/*  These special cases for hexadecimal, binary, octal values. */
	if (start[0] == '0' && (start[1] == 'x' || start[1] == 'X')) {
		base = 16;
		start += 2;
	} else if (start[0] == '0' && (start[1] == 'b' || start[1] == 'B')) {
		base = 2;
		start += 2;
	} else if (start[0] == '0' && (start[1] == 'o' || start[1] == 'O')) {
		base = 8;
		start += 2;
	}

	/* If it wasn't a special base, it may be a floating point value. */
	if (base == 10) {
		for (size_t j = 0; j < parser.previous.length; ++j) {
			if (parser.previous.start[j] == '.') {
				double value = strtod(start, NULL);
				emitConstant(FLOATING_VAL(value));
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	/* If we got here, it's an integer of some sort. */
	int value = strtol(start, NULL, base);
	emitConstant(INTEGER_VAL(value));
}

static void binary(int canAssign) {
	KrkTokenType operatorType = parser.previous.type;
	ParseRule * rule = getRule(operatorType);
	parsePrecedence((Precedence)(rule->precedence + 1));

	switch (operatorType) {
		case TOKEN_BANG_EQUAL:    emitBytes(OP_EQUAL, OP_NOT); break;
		case TOKEN_EQUAL_EQUAL:   emitByte(OP_EQUAL); break;
		case TOKEN_GREATER:       emitByte(OP_GREATER); break;
		case TOKEN_GREATER_EQUAL: emitBytes(OP_LESS, OP_NOT); break;
		case TOKEN_LESS:          emitByte(OP_LESS); break;
		case TOKEN_LESS_EQUAL:    emitBytes(OP_GREATER, OP_NOT); break;

		case TOKEN_PLUS:     emitByte(OP_ADD); break;
		case TOKEN_MINUS:    emitByte(OP_SUBTRACT); break;
		case TOKEN_ASTERISK: emitByte(OP_MULTIPLY); break;
		case TOKEN_SOLIDUS:  emitByte(OP_DIVIDE); break;
		case TOKEN_MODULO:   emitByte(OP_MODULO); break;
		default: return;
	}
}

static void call(int canAssign) {
	uint8_t argCount = argumentList();
	emitBytes(OP_CALL, argCount);
}

static void get_(int canAssign) {
	/* Synthesize get */
	KrkToken _get = syntheticToken("__get__");
	KrkToken _set = syntheticToken("__set__");
	size_t indGet = identifierConstant(&_get);
	size_t indSet = identifierConstant(&_set);
	size_t offset = currentChunk()->count + 1;
	emitBytes(OP_GET_PROPERTY, indGet); /* TODO what if it's > 256 */
	expression();
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_SQUARE, "Expected ending square bracket...");
	if (canAssign && match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) {
		expression();
		currentChunk()->code[offset] = indSet;
		emitBytes(OP_CALL, 2);
	} else {
		emitBytes(OP_CALL, 1);
	}
}

static void dot(int canAssign) {
	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected propert name");
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
	if (canAssign && match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) {
		expression();
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_SET_PROPERTY, ind);
	} else {
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_PROPERTY, ind);
	}
}

static void literal(int canAssign) {
	switch (parser.previous.type) {
		case TOKEN_FALSE: emitByte(OP_FALSE); break;
		case TOKEN_NONE:  emitByte(OP_NONE); break;
		case TOKEN_TRUE:  emitByte(OP_TRUE); break;
		default: return;
	}
}

static void expression() {
	parsePrecedence(PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
}

static void varDeclaration() {
	ssize_t ind = parseVariable("Expected variable name.");

	if (match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) {
		expression();
	} else {
		emitByte(OP_NONE);
	}

	defineVariable(ind);
}

static void printStatement() {
	expression();
	emitByte(OP_PRINT);
}

static void synchronize() {
	parser.panicMode = 0;
	while (parser.current.type != TOKEN_EOF) {
		if (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_EOL) return;

		switch (parser.current.type) {
			case TOKEN_CLASS:
			case TOKEN_DEF:
			case TOKEN_LET:
			case TOKEN_FOR:
			case TOKEN_IF:
			case TOKEN_WHILE:
			case TOKEN_PRINT:
			case TOKEN_RETURN:
				return;
			default: break;
		}

		advance();
	}
}

static void declaration() {
	if (check(TOKEN_DEF)) {
		defDeclaration();
	} else if (match(TOKEN_LET)) {
		varDeclaration();
		if (!match(TOKEN_EOL) && !match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
			error("Expected EOL after variable declaration.\n");
		}
	} else if (check(TOKEN_CLASS)) {
		classDeclaration();
	} else if (match(TOKEN_EOL) || match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
		return;
	} else if (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION)) {
		return;
	} else {
		statement();
	}

	if (parser.panicMode) synchronize();
}

static void expressionStatement() {
	expression();
	emitByte(OP_POP);
}

static void beginScope() {
	current->scopeDepth++;
}

static void endScope() {
	current->scopeDepth--;
	while (current->localCount > 0 &&
	       current->locals[current->localCount - 1].depth > (ssize_t)current->scopeDepth) {
		if (current->locals[current->localCount - 1].isCaptured) {
			emitByte(OP_CLOSE_UPVALUE);
		} else {
			emitByte(OP_POP);
		}
		current->localCount--;
	}
}

static void block(size_t indentation, const char * blockName) {
	if (match(TOKEN_EOL)) {
		/* Begin actual blocks */
		if (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION)) {
			size_t currentIndentation = parser.current.length;
			if (currentIndentation <= indentation) {
				return;
			}
			do {
				if (parser.current.length < currentIndentation) break;
				advance(); /* Pass indentation */
				declaration();
			} while (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION));
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUGGING
			if (vm.flags & KRK_ENABLE_DEBUGGING) {
				fprintf(stderr, "finished with block %s (ind=%d) on line %d, sitting on a %s (len=%d)\n",
					blockName,
					(int)indentation,
					(int)parser.current.line,
					getRule(parser.current.type)->name,
					(int)parser.current.length);
			}
#endif
		}
	} else {
		statement();
	}
}

static void function(FunctionType type, size_t blockWidth) {
	Compiler compiler;
	initCompiler(&compiler, type);
	compiler.function->chunk.filename = compiler.enclosing->function->chunk.filename;

	beginScope();

	consume(TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN, "Expected start of parameter list after function name.");
	if (!check(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN)) {
		do {
			if (match(TOKEN_SELF)) {
				if (type != TYPE_INIT && type != TYPE_METHOD) {
					error("Invalid use of `self` as a function paramenter.");
				}
				continue;
			}
			ssize_t paramConstant = parseVariable("Expect parameter name.");
			defineVariable(paramConstant);
			if (match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) {
				consume(TOKEN_NONE,"Optional arguments can only be assigned the default value of None.");
				current->function->defaultArgs++;
				if (current->function->defaultArgs > 255) errorAtCurrent("too many function parameters");
			} else {
				current->function->requiredArgs++;
				if (current->function->requiredArgs > 255) errorAtCurrent("too many function parameters");
			}
		} while (match(TOKEN_COMMA));
	}
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN, "Expected end of parameter list.");

	consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expected colon after function signature.");
	block(blockWidth,"def");

	KrkFunction * function = endCompiler();
	size_t ind = krk_addConstant(currentChunk(), OBJECT_VAL(function));
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_CLOSURE, ind);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < function->upvalueCount; ++i) {
		/* TODO: if the maximum count changes, fix the sizes for this */
		emitByte(compiler.upvalues[i].isLocal ? 1 : 0);
		emitByte(compiler.upvalues[i].index);
	}
}

static void method(size_t blockWidth) {
	/* This is actually "inside of a class definition", and that might mean
	 * arbitrary blank lines we need to accept... Sorry. */
	if (match(TOKEN_EOL)) {
		return;
	}

	/* def method(...): - just like functions; unlike Python, I'm just always
	 * going to assign `self` because Lox always assigns `this`; it should not
	 * show up in the initializer list; I may add support for it being there
	 * as a redundant thing, just to make more Python stuff work with changes. */
	consume(TOKEN_DEF, "expected a definition, got nothing");
	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "expected method name");
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
	FunctionType type = TYPE_METHOD;

	if (parser.previous.length == 8 && memcmp(parser.previous.start, "__init__", 8) == 0) {
		type = TYPE_INIT;
	}

	function(type, blockWidth);
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_METHOD, ind);
}

static void classDeclaration() {
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;
	advance(); /* Collect the `class` */

	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected class name.");
	KrkToken className = parser.previous;
	size_t constInd = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
	declareVariable();

	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_CLASS, constInd);
	defineVariable(constInd);

	ClassCompiler classCompiler;
	classCompiler.name = parser.previous;
	classCompiler.hasSuperClass = 0;
	classCompiler.enclosing = currentClass;
	currentClass = &classCompiler;

	if (match(TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN)) {
		if (match(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER)) {
			variable(0);
			if (identifiersEqual(&className, &parser.previous)) {
				error("A class can not inherit from itself.");
			}

			beginScope();
			addLocal(syntheticToken("super"));
			defineVariable(0);

			namedVariable(className, 0);
			emitByte(OP_INHERIT);
			classCompiler.hasSuperClass = 1;
		}
		consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN, "Expected closing brace after superclass.");
	}

	namedVariable(className, 0);

	consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expected colon after class");
	if (match(TOKEN_EOL)) {
		if (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION)) {
			size_t currentIndentation = parser.current.length;
			if (currentIndentation <= blockWidth) {
				errorAtCurrent("Unexpected indentation level for class");
			}
			do {
				if (parser.current.length < currentIndentation) break;
				advance(); /* Pass the indentation */
				method(currentIndentation);
				if (check(TOKEN_EOL)) endOfLine();
			} while (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION));
#ifdef ENABLE_SCAN_TRACING
			if (vm.flags & KRK_ENABLE_SCAN_TRACING) fprintf(stderr, "Exiting from class definition on %s\n", getRule(parser.current.type)->name);
#endif
			/* Exit from block */
		}
	} /* else empty class (and at end of file?) we'll allow it for now... */
	emitByte(OP_POP);
	if (classCompiler.hasSuperClass) {
		endScope();
	}
	currentClass = currentClass->enclosing;
}

static void markInitialized() {
	if (current->scopeDepth == 0) return;
	current->locals[current->localCount - 1].depth = current->scopeDepth;
}

static void defDeclaration() {
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;
	advance(); /* Collect the `def` */

	ssize_t global = parseVariable("Expected function name.");
	markInitialized();
	function(TYPE_FUNCTION, blockWidth);
	defineVariable(global);
}

static int emitJump(uint8_t opcode) {
	emitByte(opcode);
	emitBytes(0xFF, 0xFF);
	return currentChunk()->count - 2;
}

static void patchJump(int offset) {
	int jump = currentChunk()->count - offset - 2;
	if (jump > 0xFFFF) {
		error("Unsupported far jump (we'll get there)");
	}

	currentChunk()->code[offset] = (jump >> 8) & 0xFF;
	currentChunk()->code[offset + 1] =  (jump) & 0xFF;
}

static void emitLoop(int loopStart) {
	emitByte(OP_LOOP);
	int offset = currentChunk()->count - loopStart + 2;
	if (offset > 0xFFFF) error("offset too big");
	emitBytes(offset >> 8, offset);
}

static void ifStatement() {
	/* Figure out what block level contains us so we can match our partner else */
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;

	/* Collect the if token that started this statement */
	advance();

	/* Collect condition expression */
	expression();

	/* if EXPR: */
	consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect ':' after condition.");

	int thenJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
	emitByte(OP_POP);

	/* Start a new scope and enter a block */
	beginScope();
	block(blockWidth,"if");
	endScope();

	int elseJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP);
	patchJump(thenJump);
	emitByte(OP_POP);

	/* See if we have a matching else block */
	if (blockWidth == 0 || (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION) && (parser.current.length == blockWidth))) {
		/* This is complicated */
		KrkToken previous;
		if (blockWidth) {
			previous = parser.previous;
			advance();
		}
		if (match(TOKEN_ELSE)) {
			/* TODO ELIF or ELSE IF */
			consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect ':' after else.");
			beginScope();
			block(blockWidth,"else");
			endScope();
		} else {
			if (!check(TOKEN_EOF) && !check(TOKEN_EOL)) {
				krk_ungetToken(parser.current);
				parser.current = parser.previous;
				if (blockWidth) {
					parser.previous = previous;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	patchJump(elseJump);
}

static void whileStatement() {
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;
	advance();

	int loopStart = currentChunk()->count;

	expression();
	consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect ':' after condition.");

	int exitJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
	emitByte(OP_POP);

	beginScope();
	block(blockWidth,"while");
	endScope();

	emitLoop(loopStart);

	patchJump(exitJump);
	emitByte(OP_POP);
}

static void forStatement() {
	/* I'm not sure if I want this to be more like Python or C/Lox/etc. */
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;
	advance();

	/* For now this is going to be kinda broken */
	beginScope();

	ssize_t loopInd = current->localCount;
	varDeclaration();

	int loopStart;
	int exitJump;

	if (match(TOKEN_IN)) {
		defineVariable(loopInd);

		KrkToken _it = syntheticToken("__loop_iter");
		KrkToken _iter = syntheticToken("__iter__");
		size_t indLoopIter = current->localCount;

		/* __loop_iter = */
		addLocal(_it);
		defineVariable(indLoopIter);

		/* ITERABLE.__iter__() */
		expression();
		ssize_t ind = identifierConstant(&_iter);
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_PROPERTY, ind);
		emitBytes(OP_CALL, 0);

		/* assign */
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_SET_LOCAL, indLoopIter);

		/* LOOP STARTS HERE */
		loopStart = currentChunk()->count;

		/* Call the iterator */
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_LOCAL, indLoopIter);
		emitBytes(OP_CALL, 0);

		/* Assign the result to our loop index */
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_SET_LOCAL, loopInd);

		/* Get the loop iterator again */
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_LOCAL, indLoopIter);
		emitByte(OP_EQUAL);
		emitByte(OP_NOT);
		exitJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
		emitByte(OP_POP);

	} else {
		consume(TOKEN_COMMA,"expect ,");
		loopStart = currentChunk()->count;


		expression(); /* condition */
		exitJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
		emitByte(OP_POP);

		if (check(TOKEN_COMMA)) {
			advance();
			int bodyJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP);
			int incrementStart = currentChunk()->count;
			expression();
			emitByte(OP_POP);

			emitLoop(loopStart);
			loopStart = incrementStart;
			patchJump(bodyJump);
		}
	}

	consume(TOKEN_COLON,"expect :");

	beginScope();
	block(blockWidth,"for");
	endScope();

	emitLoop(loopStart);
	patchJump(exitJump);
	emitByte(OP_POP);
	endScope();
}

static void returnStatement() {
	if (match(TOKEN_EOL) || match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
		emitReturn();
	} else {
		if (current->type == TYPE_INIT) {
			error("Can not return values from __init__");
		}
		expression();
		emitByte(OP_RETURN);
	}
}

static void tryStatement() {
	size_t blockWidth = (parser.previous.type == TOKEN_INDENTATION) ? parser.previous.length : 0;
	advance();
	consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect ':' after try.");

	/* Make sure we are in a local scope so this ends up on the stack */
	beginScope();
	int tryJump = emitJump(OP_PUSH_TRY);
	addLocal(syntheticToken("exception"));
	defineVariable(0);

	beginScope();
	block(blockWidth,"try");
	endScope();

	int successJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP);
	patchJump(tryJump);

	if (blockWidth == 0 || (check(TOKEN_INDENTATION) && (parser.current.length == blockWidth))) {
		KrkToken previous;
		if (blockWidth) {
			previous = parser.previous;
			advance();
		}
		if (match(TOKEN_EXCEPT)) {
			consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect ':' after except.");
			beginScope();
			block(blockWidth,"except");
			endScope();
		} else if (!check(TOKEN_EOL) && !check(TOKEN_EOF)) {
			krk_ungetToken(parser.current);
			parser.current = parser.previous;
			if (blockWidth) {
				parser.previous = previous;
			}
		}
	}

	patchJump(successJump);
	endScope(); /* will pop the exception handler */
}

static void raiseStatement() {
	expression();
	emitByte(OP_RAISE);
}

static void importStatement() {
	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected module name");
	declareVariable();
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_IMPORT, ind);
	defineVariable(ind);
}

static void exportStatement() {
	do {
		consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "only named variable may be exported to the global namespace");
		namedVariable(parser.previous, 0);
		namedVariable(parser.previous, 0);
		size_t ind = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_DEFINE_GLOBAL, ind);
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_SET_GLOBAL, ind);
		emitByte(OP_POP);
	} while (match(TOKEN_COMMA));
}

static void statement() {
	if (match(TOKEN_EOL) || match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
		return; /* Meaningless blank line */
	}

	if (check(TOKEN_IF)) {
		ifStatement();
	} else if (check(TOKEN_WHILE)) {
		whileStatement();
	} else if (check(TOKEN_FOR)) {
		forStatement();
	} else if (check(TOKEN_TRY)) {
		tryStatement();
	} else {
		if (match(TOKEN_PRINT)) {
			printStatement();
		} else if (match(TOKEN_EXPORT)) {
			exportStatement();
		} else if (match(TOKEN_RAISE)) {
			raiseStatement();
		} else if (match(TOKEN_RETURN)) {
			returnStatement();
		} else if (match(TOKEN_IMPORT)) {
			importStatement();
		} else {
			expressionStatement();
		}
		if (!match(TOKEN_EOL) && !match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
			errorAtCurrent("Unexpected token after statement.");
		}
	}
}

static void grouping(int canAssign) {
	expression();
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN, "Expect ')' after expression.");
}

static void unary(int canAssign) {
	KrkTokenType operatorType = parser.previous.type;

	parsePrecedence(PREC_UNARY);

	switch (operatorType) {
		case TOKEN_MINUS: emitByte(OP_NEGATE); break;

		/* These are equivalent */
		case TOKEN_BANG:
		case TOKEN_NOT:
			emitByte(OP_NOT);
			break;

		default: return;
	}
}

static void string(int canAssign) {
	/* We'll just build with a flexible array like everything else. */
	size_t stringCapacity = 0;
	size_t stringLength   = 0;
	char * stringBytes    = 0;
#define PUSH_CHAR(c) do { if (stringCapacity < stringLength + 1) { \
		size_t old = stringCapacity; stringCapacity = GROW_CAPACITY(old); \
		stringBytes = GROW_ARRAY(char, stringBytes, old, stringCapacity); \
	} stringBytes[stringLength++] = c; } while (0)

	/* This should capture everything but the quotes. */
	const char * c = parser.previous.start + 1;
	while (c < parser.previous.start + parser.previous.length -1) {
		if (*c == '\\') {
			switch (c[1]) {
				case 'n': PUSH_CHAR('\n'); break;
				case 'r': PUSH_CHAR('\r'); break;
				case 't': PUSH_CHAR('\t'); break;
				case '[': PUSH_CHAR('\033'); break;
				default: PUSH_CHAR(c[1]); break;
			}
			c += 2;
		} else {
			PUSH_CHAR(*c);
			c++;
		}
	}
	emitConstant(OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(stringBytes,stringLength)));
	FREE_ARRAY(char,stringBytes,stringCapacity);
}

static void codepoint(int canAssign) {
	const char * c = parser.previous.start + 1;
	size_t width = 0;
	int codepoint = 0;
	while (c < parser.previous.start + parser.previous.length - 1) {
		if (width >= 1) {
			error("Wide character literals are not currently supported.");
			return;
		}
		if (*c == '\\') {
			switch (c[1]) {
				case 'n': codepoint = '\n'; break;
				case 'r': codepoint = '\r'; break;
				case 't': codepoint = '\t'; break;
				case '[': codepoint = '\033'; break;
				default: codepoint = c[1]; break;
			}
			width++;
			c += 2;
		} else {
			codepoint = *c;
			width++;
			c++;
		}
	}
	emitConstant(INTEGER_VAL(codepoint));
}

static size_t addUpvalue(Compiler * compiler, ssize_t index, int isLocal) {
	size_t upvalueCount = compiler->function->upvalueCount;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < upvalueCount; ++i) {
		Upvalue * upvalue = &compiler->upvalues[i];
		if ((ssize_t)upvalue->index == index && upvalue->isLocal == isLocal) {
			return i;
		}
	}
	if (upvalueCount == MAX_LOCALS) {
		error("Too many closure variables in function.");
		return 0;
	}
	compiler->upvalues[upvalueCount].isLocal = isLocal;
	compiler->upvalues[upvalueCount].index = index;
	return compiler->function->upvalueCount++;
}

static ssize_t resolveUpvalue(Compiler * compiler, KrkToken * name) {
	if (compiler->enclosing == NULL) return -1;
	ssize_t local = resolveLocal(compiler->enclosing, name);
	if (local != -1) {
		compiler->enclosing->locals[local].isCaptured = 1;
		return addUpvalue(compiler, local, 1);
	}
	ssize_t upvalue = resolveUpvalue(compiler->enclosing, name);
	if (upvalue != -1) {
		return addUpvalue(compiler, upvalue, 0);
	}
	return -1;
}

#define DO_VARIABLE(opset,opget) do { \
	if (canAssign && match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) { \
		expression(); \
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(opset, arg); \
	} else { \
		EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(opget, arg); \
	} } while (0)

static void namedVariable(KrkToken name, int canAssign) {
	ssize_t arg = resolveLocal(current, &name);
	if (arg != -1) {
		DO_VARIABLE(OP_SET_LOCAL, OP_GET_LOCAL);
	} else if ((arg = resolveUpvalue(current, &name)) != -1) {
		DO_VARIABLE(OP_SET_UPVALUE, OP_GET_UPVALUE);
	} else {
		arg = identifierConstant(&name);
		DO_VARIABLE(OP_SET_GLOBAL, OP_GET_GLOBAL);
	}
}
#undef DO_VARIABLE

static void variable(int canAssign) {
	namedVariable(parser.previous, canAssign);
}

static void self(int canAssign) {
	if (currentClass == NULL) {
		error("Invalid reference to `self` outside of a class method.");
		return;
	}
	variable(0);
}

static void super_(int canAssign) {
	if (currentClass == NULL) {
		error("Invalid reference to `super` outside of a class.");
	} else if (!currentClass->hasSuperClass) {
		error("Invalid reference to `super` from a base class.");
	}
	consume(TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN, "Expected `super` to be called.");
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN, "`super` can not take arguments.");
	consume(TOKEN_DOT, "Expected a field of `super()` to be referenced.");
	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, "Expected a field name.");
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
	namedVariable(syntheticToken("self"), 0);
	namedVariable(syntheticToken("super"), 0);
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_SUPER, ind);
}

static void list(int canAssign) {
	KrkToken listOf = syntheticToken("listOf");
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&listOf);
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_GLOBAL, ind);
	size_t argCount = 0;
	if (!check(TOKEN_RIGHT_SQUARE)) {
		do {
			expression();
			/* TOKEN_FOR for comprehensions? */
			if (argCount == 255) error("Too many values in list expression.");
			argCount++;
		} while (match(TOKEN_COMMA));
	}
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_SQUARE,"Expected ] at end of list expression.");
	emitBytes(OP_CALL, argCount);
}

static void dict(int canAssign) {
	KrkToken dictOf = syntheticToken("dictOf");
	size_t ind = identifierConstant(&dictOf);
	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_GET_GLOBAL, ind);
	size_t argCount = 0;
	if (!check(TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE)) {
		do {
			expression();
			consume(TOKEN_COLON, "Expect colon after dict key.");
			expression();
			argCount += 2;
			if (argCount == 254) error("Too many pairs in dict expression.");
		} while (match(TOKEN_COMMA));
	}
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE,"Expected } at end of dict expression.");
	emitBytes(OP_CALL, argCount);
}

#define RULE(token, a, b, c) [token] = {# token, a, b, c}

ParseRule rules[] = {
	RULE(TOKEN_LEFT_PAREN,    grouping, call,   PREC_CALL),
	RULE(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN,   NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_LEFT_BRACE,    dict,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_RIGHT_BRACE,   NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_LEFT_SQUARE,   list,     get_,   PREC_CALL),
	RULE(TOKEN_RIGHT_SQUARE,  NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_COLON,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_COMMA,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_DOT,           NULL,     dot,    PREC_CALL),
	RULE(TOKEN_MINUS,         unary,    binary, PREC_TERM),
	RULE(TOKEN_PLUS,          NULL,     binary, PREC_TERM),
	RULE(TOKEN_SEMICOLON,     NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_SOLIDUS,       NULL,     binary, PREC_FACTOR),
	RULE(TOKEN_ASTERISK,      NULL,     binary, PREC_FACTOR),
	RULE(TOKEN_MODULO,        NULL,     binary, PREC_FACTOR),
	RULE(TOKEN_BANG,          unary,    NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_BANG_EQUAL,    NULL,     binary, PREC_EQUALITY),
	RULE(TOKEN_EQUAL,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_EQUAL_EQUAL,   NULL,     binary, PREC_EQUALITY),
	RULE(TOKEN_GREATER,       NULL,     binary, PREC_COMPARISON),
	RULE(TOKEN_GREATER_EQUAL, NULL,     binary, PREC_COMPARISON),
	RULE(TOKEN_LESS,          NULL,     binary, PREC_COMPARISON),
	RULE(TOKEN_LESS_EQUAL,    NULL,     binary, PREC_COMPARISON),
	RULE(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER,    variable, NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_STRING,        string,   NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_NUMBER,        number,   NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_CODEPOINT,     codepoint,NULL,   PREC_NONE), /* TODO */
	RULE(TOKEN_AND,           NULL,     and_,   PREC_AND),
	RULE(TOKEN_CLASS,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_ELSE,          NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_FALSE,         literal,  NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_FOR,           NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_DEF,           NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_IF,            NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_IN,            NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_LET,           NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_NONE,          literal,  NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_NOT,           unary,    NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_OR,            NULL,     or_,    PREC_OR),
	RULE(TOKEN_PRINT,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_RETURN,        NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_SELF,          self,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_SUPER,         super_,   NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_TRUE,          literal,  NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_WHILE,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),

	/* This is going to get interesting */
	RULE(TOKEN_INDENTATION,   NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_ERROR,         NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_EOL,           NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
	RULE(TOKEN_EOF,           NULL,     NULL,   PREC_NONE),
};

static void parsePrecedence(Precedence precedence) {
	advance();
	ParseFn prefixRule = getRule(parser.previous.type)->prefix;
	if (prefixRule == NULL) {
		errorAtCurrent("expect expression");
		return;
	}
	int canAssign = precedence <= PREC_ASSIGNMENT;
	prefixRule(canAssign);
	while (precedence <= getRule(parser.current.type)->precedence) {
		advance();
		ParseFn infixRule = getRule(parser.previous.type)->infix;
		infixRule(canAssign);
	}

	if (canAssign && match(TOKEN_EQUAL)) {
		error("invalid assignment target");
	}
}

static ssize_t identifierConstant(KrkToken * name) {
	return krk_addConstant(currentChunk(), OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(name->start, name->length)));
}

static ssize_t resolveLocal(Compiler * compiler, KrkToken * name) {
	for (ssize_t i = compiler->localCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		Local * local = &compiler->locals[i];
		if (identifiersEqual(name, &local->name)) {
			if (local->depth == -1) {
				error("can not initialize value recursively (are you shadowing something?)");
			}
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

static void addLocal(KrkToken name) {
	if (current->localCount == MAX_LOCALS) {
		error("too many locals");
		return;
	}
	Local * local = &current->locals[current->localCount++];
	local->name = name;
	local->depth = -1;
	local->isCaptured = 0;
}

static void declareVariable() {
	if (current->scopeDepth == 0) return;
	KrkToken * name = &parser.previous;
	/* Detect duplicate definition */
	for (ssize_t i = current->localCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		Local * local = &current->locals[i];
		if (local->depth != -1 && local->depth < (ssize_t)current->scopeDepth) break;
		if (identifiersEqual(name, &local->name)) error("Duplicate definition");
	}
	addLocal(*name);
}

static ssize_t parseVariable(const char * errorMessage) {
	consume(TOKEN_IDENTIFIER, errorMessage);

	declareVariable();
	if (current->scopeDepth > 0) return 0;

	return identifierConstant(&parser.previous);
}

static void defineVariable(size_t global) {
	if (current->scopeDepth > 0) {
		markInitialized();
		return;
	}

	EMIT_CONSTANT_OP(OP_DEFINE_GLOBAL, global);
}

static uint8_t argumentList() {
	uint8_t argCount = 0;
	if (!check(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN)) {
		do {
			expression();
			if (argCount == 255) error("Too many arguments to function."); // Need long call...
			argCount++;
		} while (match(TOKEN_COMMA));
	}
	consume(TOKEN_RIGHT_PAREN, "Expected ')' after arguments.");
	return argCount;
}

static void and_(int canAssign) {
	int endJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
	emitByte(OP_POP);
	parsePrecedence(PREC_AND);
	patchJump(endJump);
}

static void or_(int canAssign) {
	int endJump = emitJump(OP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
	emitByte(OP_POP);
	parsePrecedence(PREC_OR);
	patchJump(endJump);
}

static ParseRule * getRule(KrkTokenType type) {
	return &rules[type];
}

KrkFunction * krk_compile(const char * src, int newScope, char * fileName) {
	krk_initScanner(src);
	Compiler compiler;
	initCompiler(&compiler, TYPE_MODULE);
	compiler.function->chunk.filename = krk_copyString(fileName, strlen(fileName));

	if (newScope) beginScope();

	parser.hadError = 0;
	parser.panicMode = 0;

	advance();

	while (!match(TOKEN_EOF)) {
		declaration();
		if (check(TOKEN_EOL) || check(TOKEN_INDENTATION) || check(TOKEN_EOF)) {
			/* There's probably already and error... */
			advance();
		}
	}

	KrkFunction * function = endCompiler();
	return parser.hadError ? NULL : function;
}

void krk_markCompilerRoots() {
	Compiler * compiler = current;
	while (compiler != NULL) {
		krk_markObject((KrkObj*)compiler->function);
		compiler = compiler->enclosing;
	}
}