#include #include static const char CONVERSION_TABLE[] = "0123456789abcdef"; void e9_putc(char c) { asm volatile ("out dx, al" :: "a" (c), "d" (0xE9) : "memory"); } void e9_print(const char *msg) { for (size_t i = 0; msg[i]; i++) { e9_putc(msg[i]); } } void e9_puts(const char *msg) { e9_print(msg); e9_putc('\n'); } static void e9_printhex(size_t num) { int i; char buf[17]; if (!num) { e9_print("0x0"); return; } buf[16] = 0; for (i = 15; num; i--) { buf[i] = CONVERSION_TABLE[num % 16]; num /= 16; } i++; e9_print("0x"); e9_print(&buf[i]); } static void e9_printdec(size_t num) { int i; char buf[21] = {0}; if (!num) { e9_putc('0'); return; } for (i = 19; num; i--) { buf[i] = (num % 10) + 0x30; num = num / 10; } i++; e9_print(buf + i); } void e9_printf(const char *format, ...) { va_list argp; va_start(argp, format); while (*format != '\0') { if (*format == '%') { format++; if (*format == 'x') { e9_printhex(va_arg(argp, size_t)); } else if (*format == 'd') { e9_printdec(va_arg(argp, size_t)); } else if (*format == 's') { e9_print(va_arg(argp, char*)); } } else { e9_putc(*format); } format++; } e9_putc('\n'); va_end(argp); }