+
+
+dgen — Sega
+ Genesis/Mega Drive emulator
+
+
+
+
+
+ dgen |
+ [-Pfhmv] [-R
+ (J|U|E)] [-H
+ HZ] [-D
+ DEMONAME] [-d
+ DEMONAME] [-n
+ USEC] [-p
+ CODE,CODE...] [-r
+ RCFILE] [-X
+ XFACT] [-Y
+ YFACT] [-S
+ FACT] [-g
+ (0|1)] [-G
+ XxY] [-s
+ SLOT] [romname [...]] |
+
+
+
+
+
+The ROM image in the file romname is
+ executed, as emulated on a Sega Genesis or Mega Drive running in 60Hz NTSC
+ mode (unless the -P option is specified, in which
+ case 50Hz PAL mode is used). romname should be in raw
+ binary or SMD format, and may be compressed with gzip(1),
+ zip(1), or bzip2(1).
+When romname isn't specified, DGen starts
+ without a ROM. It can be loaded later from the prompt. When more than a
+ single romname is specified, they are executed
+ sequentially.
+The options are as follows:
+
+ -H
+ HZ- Use a custom frame rate, can be used to accelerate or slow down
+ emulation.
+ -P- Emulate 50Hz PAL mode (as used in European models of the Mega Drive).
+ -R
+ (J|U|E)- Emulator region. Without this option, DGen uses the first region mentioned
+ in the ROM header. It should be combined with
-P
+ for PAL mode. See below.
+
+ - (none)
+ - Autodetect (NTSC, 60Hz)
+ -P- Autodetect (PAL, 50Hz)
+ -R
+ J- Japan (NTSC, 60Hz)
+ -R
+ J -P- Japan (PAL, 50Hz)
+ -R
+ E- Europe (NTSC, 60Hz, music will certainly play too fast)
+ -R
+ E -P- Europe (PAL, 50Hz)
+ -R
+ U- America (NTSC, 60Hz)
+ -R
+ U -P- Same as
-R E
+ -P
+
+
+ -f- Run fullscreen, if possible.
+ -h- Show a brief synopsis of all options.
+ -m- MinGW only. This option prevents DGen from detaching from its control
+ console.
+ -v- Show the version number, and exit.
+ -D
+ DEMONAME- Play back a demo recorded with the
-d option.
+ -d
+ DEMONAME- Record a demo of the program running, which can be later replayed with the
+
-D switch.
+ -n
+ USEC- Sleep for a number of microseconds after every frame, to give time to
+ other processes.
+ -p
+ CODE,CODE...- Modify the ROM image in memory, using Game Genie or Hex style codes. Game
+ Genie codes are of the form ABCD-EFGH and Hex codes
+ are in the form 123456:ABCD. To specify more than
+ one code, separate them with commas (do not use
+ spaces).
+ -r
+ RCFILE- Parse another rc file after $HOME/.dgen/dgenrc. Values in the specified
+ file override those in the preceding files.
+ -X
+ XFACT- Scale the window XFACT times in the X direction. XFACT must be a positive
+ integer.
+ -Y
+ YFACT- Scale the window YFACT times in the Y direction. YFACT must be a positive
+ integer.
+ -S
+ FACT- Scale the window FACT times in both directions. FACT must be a positive
+ integer.
+ -g
+ (0|1)- Enable/disable OpenGL (if compiled-in).
+ -G
+ XxY- Desired window size (e.g. 640x480, 800x600, etc.)
+ -s
+ SLOT- Load the saved state from the given slot at startup (0-9)
+
+
+
+
+A minimalist interactive prompt inspired from
+ vi(1) can be used to perform various operations described
+ below. It is triggered by pressing colon (:), the default key. Command-line
+ editing, history and completion are supported.
+
+
+
+ - {quit, exit, q}
+ - Quit, or load the next romname from command-line, if
+ any.
+ - {load, open, plug, o} filename
+ - Load a given ROM filename.
+ - {unload, close, unplug}
+ - Unload the current ROM.
+ - config_load filename
+ - Load configuration from file filename.
+ - config_save filename
+ - Save current configuration to file filename.
+ - reset
+ - Genesis reset.
+ - {ctv_push, ctv_pop, ctv_none}
+ - Manage the stack of Crap TV filters (if compiled-in).
+ - calibrate number
+ - Interactive calibration of the specified gamepad (1 or 2). If
+ number isn't specified, default to 1.
+ - unbind binding [...]
+ - Remove specified bindings (variables prefixed with "bind_"). See
+ dgenrc(5) for more information about them.
+ - vgmdump start filename
+ -
+ - vgmdump stop
+ - Manages VGM dumping/logging. If the second argument is
+ start VGM dumping will be started at the path
+ specified by the third argument. If the second argument is
+ stop VGM dumping will be stopped and the dump
+ finalized.
+
+
+
+
+All configuration variables from dgenrc(5) can
+ be displayed and modified interactively, with immediate effect.
+
+ - {int_name, bool_name, key_name, joy_name, ...} {value}
+ - Affect value to variable
+ name.
+ - {int_name, bool_name, key_name, joy_name, ...}
+ - Display current value for variable name.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ - $HOME/.dgen/dgenrc
+ - Contains user settings for the emulator.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/dgenrc.auto
+ - Generated file containing saved user settings.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/saves/*
+ - Save states generated by the emulator.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/ram/*
+ - Battery-backup RAM images, generated by the emulator for ROMs with save
+ RAM.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/screenshots/*
+ - Screenshots are generated there.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/roms/*
+ - ROMs default search path.
+ - $HOME/.dgen/demos/*
+ - Demos default search path.
+
+
+
+
+
+This manual page was written by Joe Groff
+ ⟨joe@pknet.com⟩.
+
+ Updated by zamaz
+ ⟨zamaz@users.sourceforge.net⟩.
+
+
+
+There are known emulation bugs, see BUGS in DGen source
+ package.
+
+
+ Report bugs to
+ ⟨http://sourceforge.net/projects/dgen/⟩.
+
+
+
+
+dgenrc — file
+ containing settings for dgen(1)
+
+
+
+
+The file $HOME/.dgen/dgenrc is parsed by
+ dgen(1) when the emuator is started. It is used to set
+ controller keys, as well as other characteristics of the emulation. The
+ contents of this file may be overriden with the contents of another
+ similarly-formatted file, via the -r commandline
+ switch.
+
+
+
+Each rc file consists of an unlimited number of lines, which each
+ have the format 'fieldname = value'. A line may also be a comment, if it
+ begins with the hash mark (#) character.
+Each fieldname is prepended by a name, which
+ identifies the type of this field:
+
+ - key_*
+ - A key value. May be set to a key identifier listed in the
+ KEY IDENTIFIERS section
+ below.
+ - joy_*
+ - A joystick/joypad value. May be set to a joystick identifier listed in the
+ JOYSTICK IDENTIFIERS
+ section below.
+ - mou_*
+ - A mouse action. May be set to a mouse identifier listed in the
+ MOUSE IDENTIFIERS section
+ below.
+ - bool_*
+ - A boolean value. "false", "no", and "0"
+ values are taken as false, while "true", "yes", and
+ any number except 0 are taken as true.
+ - int_*
+ - An integer value, greater than or equal to 0.
+ - str_*
+ - A string value, can be empty.
+
+Some fields take special value sets, which are addressed in their
+ respective sections. None of the field names or values are
+ case-sensitive.
+The fields fall under a few basic groups. They are listed below,
+ with their default values in brackets ([]):
+All of them can be modified interactively from the prompt, as
+ described in dgen(1).
+
+
+
+
+ - key_pad1_up [up]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_down [down]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_left [left]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_right [right]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_a [a]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_b [s]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_c [d]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_x [q]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_y [w]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_z [e]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_mode [backspace]
+ -
+ - key_pad1_start [return]
+ - Map keys to the first Genesis controller. Each of these fields has a
+ corresponding "key_pad2" field, to map to the second
+ controller.
+ - joy_pad1_up [joystick0-axis1-min]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_down [joystick0-axis1-max]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_left [joystick0-axis0-min]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_right [joystick0-axis0-max]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_a [joystick0-button0]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_b [joystick0-button3]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_c [joystick0-button1]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_x [joystick0-button6]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_y [joystick0-button4]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_z [joystick0-button5]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_mode [joystick0-button9]
+ -
+ - joy_pad1_start [joystick0-button8]
+ - Map joystick/joypad buttons to the first Genesis controller. Each of these
+ fields has a corresponding "joy_pad2" field, to map to the
+ second controller.
+ - bool_joystick [true]
+ - Use joysticks to emulate the controllers. Note that the keyboard keys will
+ still work if this value is set. This field is only available if you have
+ joystick support enabled.
+ - int_mouse_delay [50]
+ - Number of milliseconds to wait after the last mouse motion event to
+ release buttons bound to such events.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - bind_{keysym} action
+ -
+ - bind_{joypad} action
+ -
+ - bind_{mouse} action
+ - Defines a new keyboard, joystick/joypad or mouse binding to an arbitrary
+ action. These variables use the keysym format as
+ defined in KEY IDENTIFIERS, the
+ joypad format as defined in
+ JOYSTICK IDENTIFIERS, or
+ the mouse format as defined in
+ MOUSE IDENTIFIERS. When
+ action is prefixed with "key_",
+ "joy_" or "mou_", it becomes an alias to the
+ corresponding variable in
+ CONTROLLERS. Otherwise, it is
+ interpreted as if entered at the prompt, and can be used to modify
+ variables or execute commands (see dgenrc(5) for more
+ information). No bindings are defined by default.
+ - bind_"{keysym|joypad|mouse} [{keysym|joypad|mouse} [...]]"
+ action
+ - Alternate syntax that supports combining several identifiers to perform
+ action. Controller types can be mixed. Identifiers
+ are separated by spaces. To avoid syntax errors, spaces must be properly
+ escaped or quoted.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - bool_sound [true]
+ - Enable the sound subsystem.
+ - int_soundrate [44100]
+ - Sound frequency to play at, in hertz (Hz).
+ - int_soundsegs [8]
+ - Number of sound segments to use for sound buffering. Lower values
+ guarantee low latency. Increment this only if the sound becomes
+ choppy.
+ - int_soundsamples [0]
+ - Size of the system sound buffer, in samples (samples are the sound unit,
+ sound rate is how many of them are played every second). Specifying 0
+ automatically choses the safest value. If you experience sound issues
+ int_soundsegs is unable to solve, try to change this. Increasing it will
+ cause noticeable audio lag (it is unfortunately often required on slower
+ machines).
+ - int_volume [100]
+ - Volume level, in percent. Values above 100 cause distorsion.
+ - key_volume_inc [=]
+ -
+ - key_volume_dec [-]
+ -
+ - joy_volume_inc []
+ -
+ - joy_volume_dec []
+ -
+ - mou_volume_inc []
+ -
+ - mou_volume_dec []
+ - Bindings for volume control.
+ - bool_mjazz [false]
+ - MJazz option - puts 2 more FM chips in the Megadrive for a sort of 22
+ channel sound boost. Can sound good. Slows things down a lot.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - int_depth [0]
+ - Color depth (bits per pixel). Allowed values are 0 (automatic), 8, 15, 16,
+ 24 and 32. Ignored in OpenGL mode.
+ - int_width [-1]
+ -
+ - int_height [-1]
+ - Desired window width and height.
+ - bool_opengl [true]
+ - Use the OpenGL renderer, if it is available.
+ - bool_opengl_stretch [true]
+ - Let OpenGL stretch the screen.
+ - bool_opengl_linear [true]
+ - Use GL_LINEAR for textures filtering instead of GL_NEAREST.
+ - bool_opengl_32bit [true]
+ - Use 32 bit textures. They require more memory but are usually faster than
+ 16 bit textures.
+ - bool_opengl_square [false]
+ - Use square textures. Wastes a lot of memory but may solve OpenGL
+ initialization failures.
+ - bool_fullscreen [false]
+ - Try to run fullscreen, if possible.
+ - int_scale [-1]
+ -
+ - int_scale_x [-1]
+ -
+ - int_scale_y [-1]
+ - Amount by which to scale the rendered screen from the default resolution.
+ See scaling filters.
+ - bool_aspect [true]
+ - Retain original aspect ratio when resizing window.
+ - key_fullscreen_toggle [alt-enter]
+ -
+ - joy_fullscreen_toggle []
+ -
+ - mou_fullscreen_toggle []
+ - Button to toggle fullscreen mode (this may do nothing if SDL doesn't
+ support fullscreen toggling on your platform.)
+ - int_info_height [-1]
+ - Height of the text area at the bottom of the screen, in pixels. This also
+ affects the font size. Values smaller than the minimum font size make DGen
+ redirect text to stdout instead. The default value of -1 makes DGen choose
+ the proper height.
+ - bool_fps [false]
+ - Display the current number of frames per second.
+ - bool_buttons [false]
+ - Display pressed buttons. Can be used to help configuring them.
+ - bool_swab [false]
+ - Swap bytes in the video output. Sometimes useful when video output is
+ located on a different system. This is implemented as a CTV filter which
+ must be compiled-in to work.
+ - bool_doublebuffer [true]
+ - Toggle double buffering. Enabling this should prevent screen tearing from
+ happening. Disabling this may improve the number of displayed frames per
+ second on some systems.
+ - bool_screen_thread [false]
+ - When enabled, a separate thread is created to offload the displaying of
+ frames. This is only useful on slower machines where flipping video
+ buffers takes time, especially when V-sync is enabled and doing so blocks
+ until the next frame without consuming CPU time (sometimes the case when
+ bool_doublebuffer is enabled). This currently has no effect when OpenGL is
+ enabled and only works if multi-threading support is compiled-in.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - key_slot_X [X]
+ -
+ - joy_slot_X []
+ -
+ - mou_slot_X []
+ - Sets the current save-state slot to number X.
+ - key_slot_next [f8]
+ -
+ - joy_slot_next []
+ -
+ - mou_slot_next []
+ - Switch to the next save-slot.
+ - key_slot_prev [f7]
+ -
+ - joy_slot_prev []
+ -
+ - mou_slot_prev []
+ - Switch to the previous save-slot.
+ - key_save [f2]
+ -
+ - joy_save []
+ -
+ - mou_save []
+ - Saves state to the current slot.
+ - key_load [f3]
+ -
+ - joy_load []
+ -
+ - mou_load []
+ - Loads state from the current slot.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - key_fix_checksum [f1]
+ -
+ - joy_fix_checksum []
+ -
+ - mou_fix_checksum []
+ - Fixes the checksum value. Some older games will freeze with a red screen
+ if the ROM has been hacked or modified with Game Genie codes. If it does,
+ pressing this, and resetting should fix the problem.
+ - key_quit [escape]
+ -
+ - joy_quit []
+ -
+ - mou_quit []
+ - Exit DGen or switch to the next ROM on the command-line.
+ - key_craptv_toggle [f5]
+ -
+ - joy_craptv_toggle []
+ -
+ - mou_craptv_toggle []
+ - Toggles Crap-TV image filters. These filters aren't available in 8 bpp
+ mode.
+ - key_scaling_toggle [f6]
+ -
+ - joy_scaling_toggle []
+ -
+ - mou_scaling_toggle []
+ - Toggles scaling algorithms. See scaling_startup below.
+ - key_reset [tab]
+ -
+ - joy_reset []
+ -
+ - mou_reset []
+ - Restart the Genesis emulation.
+ - key_cpu_toggle [f11]
+ -
+ - joy_cpu_toggle []
+ -
+ - mou_cpu_toggle []
+ - Switch CPU emulators. The x86 assembly CPU emulator StarScream is fast,
+ but has glitches which affect a few games. Switching to the slower Musashi
+ core will fix these problems, at a speed penalty.
+ - key_z80_toggle [f10]
+ -
+ - joy_z80_toggle []
+ -
+ - mou_z80_toggle []
+ - Switch Z80 emulators. MZ80 is a bit faster than CZ80, particularly in its
+ assembly version (only available for x86), but CZ80 works with more games.
+ This key can also disable Z80 emulation.
+ - key_stop [z]
+ -
+ - joy_stop []
+ -
+ - mou_stop []
+ - Pause emulation, so you can concentrate on real life for a few seconds.
+ :)
+ - key_game_genie [f9]
+ -
+ - joy_game_genie []
+ -
+ - mou_game_genie []
+ - Enter a Game Genie or Hex code. This key also works in stopped mode.
+ - key_screenshot [f12]
+ -
+ - joy_screenshot []
+ -
+ - mou_screenshot []
+ - Take a screenshot. Not available in 8 bpp mode.
+ - key_prompt [:]
+ -
+ - joy_prompt []
+ -
+ - mou_prompt []
+ - Pause emulation and display interactive prompt. Also works in stopped
+ mode.
+ - key_debug_enter [`]
+ -
+ - joy_debug_enter []
+ -
+ - mou_debug_enter []
+ - Break into the debugger. Only meaningful if debugger support is
+ compiled-in.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - int_hz [60]
+ - Video refresh rate. The default is 60 as in NTSC consoles.
+ - bool_pal [false]
+ - When true, a PAL console is emulated. This should be used in combination
+ with int_hz above for 50Hz emulation.
+ - region [' ']
+ - U for America (NTSC), E for Europe (PAL), J for Japan (NTSC), X for Japan
+ (PAL), or empty space for autodetection (the default). Overrides bool_pal
+ and int_hz.
+ - str_region_order [JUEX]
+ - Regions DGen is allowed to emulate when autodetection is enabled, ordered
+ by preference.
+ - emu_m68k_startup [musa]
+ - Useful when both Musashi and StarScream are compiled-in. This option
+ selects the default emulator to use ("musa" for Musashi,
+ "star" for StarScream, "none" for neither). See
+ key_cpu_toggle.
+ - emu_z80_startup [cz80]
+ - Useful when both CZ80 and MZ80 are compiled-in. This option selects the
+ default emulator to use ("cz80", "mz80" or
+ "none", if you want to disable it altogether). See
+ key_z80_toggle.
+ - bool_autoload [false]
+ - Automatically load the saved state from slot 0 when DGen starts.
+ - bool_autosave [false]
+ - Automatically save the saved state to slot 0 upon exit. Setting both of
+ these fields true, you can exit DGen, and automatically start a game where
+ you left off when you start it again.
+ - bool_autoconf [true]
+ - Automatically dump the current configuration to dgenrc.auto before
+ exiting. This file is always loaded before dgenrc at startup.
+ - bool_frameskip [true]
+ - Automatically skip frames, when it is necessary to maintain proper
+ emulation speed. You may want to disable sound or set int_nice to a
+ nonzero value when setting this to false.
+ - int_nice [0]
+ - If set to a non-zero value, DGen will call usleep(3)
+ with the specified parameter after rendering each frame. This will slow
+ the program down (if it is running too fast on your computer), and allow
+ the operating system to reclaim some CPU time.
+ - ctv_craptv_startup [off]
+ - CTV filter to use by default. Available filters are "blur",
+ "scanline", "interlace" and "swab".
+ - scaling_startup [stretch]
+ - Scaler to use when display resolution is larger than original screen.
+ Available filters are "stretch", "scale",
+ "hqx", "hqx stretch", "scale2x",
+ "scale2x stretch" and "none".
+ - bool_show_carthead [false]
+ - Show cartridge header info at startup.
+ - bool_raw_screenshots [false]
+ - Generate unfiltered screenshots.
+ - str_rom_path ["roms"]
+ - Directory where DGen should look for ROMs by default. It's relative to
+ DGen's home directory, unless an absolute path is provided.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - bool_vdp_hide_plane_a [false]
+ -
+ - bool_vdp_hide_plane_b [false]
+ -
+ - bool_vdp_hide_plane_w [false]
+ -
+ - bool_vdp_hide_sprites [false]
+ - Hide various planes during frame rendering. Require VDP debugging to be
+ compiled-in.
+ - bool_vdp_sprites_boxing [false]
+ -
+ - int_vdp_sprites_boxing_fg [0xffff00] (yellow)
+ -
+ - int_vdp_sprites_boxing_bg [0x00ff00] (green)
+ - Toggle sprites boxing and configure its colors. Require VDP debugging to
+ be compiled-in. "fg" is for sprites with the high priority bit
+ set, "bg" is for the others. Color format is 0xRRGGBB.
+
+
+
+
+See the file "sample.dgenrc" in the DGen/SDL
+ distribution.
+
+
+
+A key identifier can have the prefixes "shift-",
+ "ctrl-", "alt-" and "meta-", or any
+ combination thereof, to require that the specified modifier be pressed in
+ combination with the key. For example, the identifier "alt-enter"
+ would correspond to holding down the Alt key while pressing Enter.
+The "shift-" modifier only works with keys that don't
+ generate symbols (such as arrow keys). Otherwise their UTF-8 representation
+ must be used directly.
+The numbers "0" through "9" ("kp_0"
+ through "kp_9" for the numeric keypad), letters "A"
+ through "Z", and function keys "F1" through
+ "F12" map to their key equivalents. In addition, the following
+ identifiers map to their similarly-labeled key counterparts. Identifiers on
+ the same line map to the same key:
+
+
escape
+backspace
+tab
+capslock caps_lock
+lshift shift_l
+rshift shift_r
+lctrl ctrl_l
+lmeta meta_l
+lalt alt_l
+ralt alt_r
+rmeta meta_r
+rctrl ctrl_r
+return enter
+space
+
+scrollock scroll_lock
+numlock num_lock
+
+insert
+home
+page_up pageup
+delete
+end
+page_down pagedown
+left
+right
+up
+down
+
+kp_home
+kp_up
+kp_pageup kp_page_up
+kp_left
+kp_right
+kp_end
+kp_down
+kp_pagedown kp_page_down
+kp_insert
+kp_delete kp_period
+
+kp_enter
+kp_divide
+kp_minus
+kp_multiply
+kp_plus
+
+
+
+Like key identifiers, joystick (or joypad) identifiers describe a
+ joystick event. Each detected joystick is numbered starting from 0. Three
+ different event types are supported.
+
+ - Buttons: joystickX-buttonY
+ - For joystick/joypad number X, button number Y. "button" can be
+ abbreviated as "b".
+ - Axes: joystickX-axisY-min, joystickX-axisY-max
+ - For joystick/joypad number X, axis number Y, and its position, which is
+ either "min" (also "n", "negative") or
+ "max" (also "p", "positive").
+ "axis" can be abbreviated as "a".
+ - Hats: joystickX-hatY-{direction}
+ - For joystick/joypad number X, hat number Y and direction. "hat"
+ can be abbreviated as "h". Possible directions are
+ "up", "right", "down",
+ "left".
+
+
+
+
+These identifiers describe a mouse event. Each detected mouse is
+ numbered starting from 0. Two different event types are supported.
+
+ - Buttons: mouseX-buttonY
+ - For mouse number X, button number Y. "button" can be abbreviated
+ as "b".
+ - Motions: mouseX-{direction}
+ - For mouse number X and direction. Possible directions are "up",
+ "right", "down", "left".
+
+
+
+
+
+This manual page was written by Joe Groff
+ ⟨joe@pknet.com⟩.
+
+ Updated by zamaz
+ ⟨zamaz@users.sourceforge.net⟩.
+
+