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* Copyright 2010-2018, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Dancsó Róbert
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* Humdinger
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« <a href="list-cli-apps.html">List of commands</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#cli-apps" class="uplink">Applications</a>
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<div class="box-info">Az oldal fordítása még folyamatban van. Amíg tart a fordítás, addig a lefordítatlan részek angolul jelennek meg.</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/cli-app-icon_64.png" alt="cli-app-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />Haiku-specifikus parancssori programok</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>Útvonal:</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/bin</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/bin</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>All commandline applications shipped with Haiku are in <span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span>. Your own or additionally installed commandline apps will appear there as well, or in <span class="path">~/config/bin/</span>, when installed from a .hpkg package. Otherwise you can put them into <span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span> or <span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span>. All these locations are part of the PATH variable and are therefore automatically found.<br />
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The following isn't an exhaustive list of all Haiku-specific CLI apps, it serves just to highlight a few of the most useful to give you a taste. Feel encouraged to explore what's in the <span class="path">bin/</span> folders on your own a bit. Executing an app with the parameter <tt>--help</tt> shows the usage of the command and all its various options.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-attributes" name="cli-attributes">Jellemzőkhöz: <span class="cli">listattr</span>, <span class="cli">catattr</span>, <span class="cli">addattr</span>, <span class="cli">rmattr</span>, <span class="cli">copyattr</span></a></h3>
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<p>Ezek a parancsok a jellemzők megjelenítésére, kiolvasására, hozzáadására vagy törlésére használhatóak.
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Ezek a meta adatok csak BFS fájlrendszerrel rendelkező lemezeken érhetőek el. A fájlok másolása más fájlrendszerre ezen adatok elvesztésével jár!<br />
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További információk a <a href="../attributes.html#attributes-terminal">Jellemzők a Terminálban</a> című fejezetben.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-index" name="cli-index">Indexeléshez: <span class="cli">lsindex</span>, <span class="cli">mkindex</span>, <span class="cli">reindex</span>, <span class="cli">rmindex</span></a></h3>
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<p>Ezen parancsok használatával kilistázhatóak, létrehozhatóak és törölhetőek az indexeket.<br />
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További információk az <a href="../index.html">Indexek</a> fejezetben.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-pkg" name="cli-pkg">Relating to package management: <span class="cli">package</span>, <span class="cli">pkgman</span></a></h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">package</span> command is used to manage HPKG packages. Have a look at the article <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/daily-tasks/install-applications">Installing applications</a> to learn the very basics. Usually the tool <a href="https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/wiki">haikuporter</a> is used to automatically create packages from so-called recipes.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">pkgman</span> is used to search, install, update and uninstall packages. Package repositories can be added, dropped and their package lists refreshed. A special kind of update is invoked with the parameter <tt>full-sync</tt>: it is more aggressive and also downgrades or removes packages, if necessary.<br />
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For more details on a parameter, append "--help", e.g. <tt>pkgman search --help</tt></p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-scripting" name="cli-scripting">Hasznos parancsok szkriptekhez</a></h3>
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<p>Itt található néhány parancssori program, amik kifejezetten szkriptekhez készültek (további információk a <a href="../bash-scripting.html">Bash és szkriptek</a> fejezetben).</p>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">alert</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>Az <span class="cli">alert</span> felkínálja a lehetőséget egy figyelmeztető ablak megjelenítésére egyéni szöveggel, ikonnal és 3 gombbal. Eredmény képpen visszaadja a lenyomott gomb címét és a visszatérési kódot (0-val kezdődően). Példa:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">alert --idea "RemekProgram(tm) telepítés kész! Szeretne készíteni egy hivatkozást hozzá?" \
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"Az Asztalra" "Az Asztalsávba" "Nem kérek"</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-alert.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A <span class="cli">filepanel</span> lehetőséget nyújt arra, hogy kiválasztjuk egy fájl vagy mappa helyét megnyitás vagy mentés céljából. Az ablak bezárása után megkapjuk a kiválasztott fájl vagy mappa útvonalát. Több paraméter is elérhető, például az induló mappa, az ablak címe, mentés esetén a fájl neve, és az engedélyezett fájltípusok. Példa:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">filepanel -s -t "Mentse el a naplót" -d ~/config/settings -n Napló.log</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-filepanel.png" alt="cli-filepanel.png" /></p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">hey</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">hey</span> is a littler helper tool that sends BMessages to applications and prints out their answer. It can be used for application scripting, i.e. "remote controlling" a program from a script or the command line. It's usage is a bit complex... <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/blog/humdinger/2017-11-05_scripting_the_gui_with_hey/">Humdinger's blog post</a> serves as a good introduction, and thanks to Scot Hacker's BeOS Bible, there is a much more comprehensive <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting6.html">hey tutorial</a> by Chris Herborth.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">notify</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">notify</span> shows a notification panel with a message. There are various parameters that are described when you call <span class="cli">notify --help</span>. A notification can also be used to show the progress of some action. When doing that, it's important to set a <i>messageID</i> and always use it when you update the progress (a float between 0.0 and 1.0 that's printed as percent). Otherwise you'll see several notification panels if you update quicker then the set timeout.<br />
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An example:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">notify --type progress --group "--group" --title "--title" --icon /boot/home/bebook.hvif \
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--messageID MyMessageID --progress .75 "Keep waiting"</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-notification.png" alt="cli-notification.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">query</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A <span class="cli">query</span> a kereső panel parancssori megfelelője. A leggyorsabb módja a kereső feltételeknek a generálására az, ha a kereső panelben a <span class="menu">képlet alapján</span> készítjük el a keresési szabályt, majd azt dupla idézőjel (<tt>"</tt>) közé rakva bemásoljuk a <span class="cli">query</span> parancs után paraméternek a Terminálba vagy a szkriptbe.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A <span class="cli">waitfor</span> egy hasznos kis program, aminek segítségével várhatunk egy program elindításáig, vagy bezárásig.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-other" name="cli-other">További parancsok</a></h3>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><p>A <span class="cli">checkfs</span> egy fontos program, ami a fájlrendszer hibáit ellenőrzi. Egyszerűen csak adjuk meg a lemez nevét, például <span class="path">/Haiku</span> és az összes fájlt le fogja ellenőrizni.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">desklink</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A <span class="cli">desklink</span> lehetőséget ad arra, hogy bármilyen fájlt, mappát, lekérdezést vagy programot az Asztalsávra, a Polcra helyezzünk. Továbbá lehetőségünk van helyi menüvel is ellátni azt. Az alábbi példa a <span class="app">screenshot</span> programot használja néhány opcióval (a "<tt>\</tt>" az első sor végén a sortörést jelzi a Terminálban):</p>
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<pre class="terminal">desklink "cmd=Aktív ablak (2mp):/bin/screenshot --window --border --delay 2" \
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"cmd=Replikáns törlése:desklink --remove=screenshot" /bin/screenshot
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</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-desklink.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A <span class="cli">diskimage</span> lehetővé teszi, hogy egy fájlt lemezként regisztráljunk. Például, a Haiku "anyboot" képfájlt regisztrálva azt csatolhatjuk a Nyomkövetőben, és szerkeszthetünk, másolhatunk illetve törölhetünk róla fájlokat mielőtt a Telepítőt használnánk.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">launch_roster</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>The launch_daemon starts all sorts of services and applications at boot-up. For some it was instructed to re-start them if they were quit. If you don't want that – maybe you'd like to test a modified Tracker, for example – you use <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> to <tt>stop</tt> the re-starting of the application before quitting it. Similarly, you can <tt>start</tt> it again or get <tt>info</tt> about it.c The parameter <tt>log</tt> prints out a log of all launch_daemon related events.<br />
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Without parameter, <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> lists all apps/services that are under its control.<br />
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For example, this will stop the re-launching of the Deskbar:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">launch_roster stop x-vnd.be-tskb</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span><br /><span class="cli">mount</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span> is preferred by many to mount local partitions and disks, because its usage is so easy: just call it with the name of the partition and you're done. Try <tt>--help</tt> for more options.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">mount</span> can additionally mount remote disks by using a network filesystem, like NFS4. You specify the used filesystem with the <tt>-t</tt> parameter and the remote location with the <tt>-p</tt> parameter. As filesystem parameter you can use anything you find in <span class="path">/system/add-ons/kernel/file_system</span> (and corresponding file hierarchies under <span class="path">~/config</span> or "<span class="path">non-packaged</span>", of course). You also have to create a folder as mountpoint. Here's an example:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">mkdir -p /DiskStation
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mount -t nfs4 -p "192.168.178.3:volume1" /DiskStation</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">open</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>Az <span class="cli">open</span> egy hasznos kis program. Használatával bármilyen fájl megnyitható a hozzárendelt programmal, vagy megadhatjuk neki egy program azonosítóját, így anélkül is indíthatunk programot, hogy tudnánk az útvonalát. Ugyan úgy működik internet címekkel is és "virtuális" mappákkal: <tt>.</tt> a jelenlegi mappa és <tt>..</tt> a szülő mappa, melyek a Nyomkövetőben nyílnak meg.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">ramdisk</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A ramdisk is like a harddisk running only in the computer's memory. That makes it very fast but also volatile, because its contents vanishes when you shut down the computer, or it crashes or you experience a blackout.<br />
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To create a ramdisk of 1 GiB, format to the name "RAMses" and mount it, you enter this in Terminal or create a script of it:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create -s 1gb
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMses
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mountvolume RAMses</pre>
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<p>Note: When creating a ramdisk, the <span class="cli">ramdisk</span> command prints out the path to it. If you create several disks, that path <span class="path">/dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw</span> will change!</p>
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<p>To preserve the contents, at least if no calamity like a blackout etc. strikes, a ramdisk can be set up to read/write an image on the harddisk. For that, you need to supply a file of the desired size that will be read from every time you start your ramdisk, and written to when you unmount it. To create an image file "RAMimage" of 500MiB and format it, do this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">dd if=/dev/zero of=RAMimage bs=500M count=1
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMimage</pre>
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<p>From now on, you start the ramdisk like this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create RAMimage
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mountvolume RAMimage</pre>
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<p>It's very important to always cleanly unmount you ramdisk, either from Tracker or with <span class="cli">unmount /RAMimage</span>, or the changes won't be written back to the image file!</p>
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="list-cli-apps.html">Parancsok listája</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#cli-apps" class="uplink">Programok</a>
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