162 lines
12 KiB
HTML
162 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2013, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Andrea
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* Barrett
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* MichaelPeppers
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>La struttura del FileSystem di Haiku</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>Guida dell'utente</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"><img src="../images/flags/it.png" alt="" /> Italiano</li>
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<li><a href="../fr/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../de/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_PT/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fi/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sk/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ca/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../en/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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« <a href="bootloader.html">Il Boot Loader</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">Contenuti</a>
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:: <a href="gui.html">Interfaccia grafica di Haiku</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">La traduzione di questa pagina non è stata completata. Per questo motivo le parti non tradotte sono visibili in inglese.</div>
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<h1>La struttura del FileSystem di Haiku</h1>
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<p>Il filesystem di Haiku è molto trasparente, per non confondere l'utente si cerca sempre di non assegnare nomi criptici per i file e per le cartelle di sistema. Le cartelle ed i file sono importanti per il corretto funzionamento del sistema e sono protetti dalle modifiche accidentali mostrando uno dei seguenti avvertimenti:</p>
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<img src="images/filesystem-layout-images/achtung-user.png" alt="achtung-user.png" />
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<img src="images/filesystem-layout-images/achtung-system.png" alt="achtung-system.png" />
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<p>The second alert pops up if you try to rename or delete something in the system hierarchy. Here, the "<span class="button">Rename</span>" button will only become clickable when you're holding down the <span class="key">SHIFT</span> key.</p>
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<p>Generally, there are two separate branches springing from the root folder of the boot volume:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains system files and applications/packages shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/home/</span></td><td> </td><td>This is your personal folder where you keep your data and settings and the applications/packages that are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>As long as Haiku isn't multi-user, this distinction between shared and not-shared applications/packages has no apparent effect, as there's only one user with one home folder. But since there will be support for more users than one eventually, it makes sense to learn the right way from the start.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="system" name="system">La cartella system - <span class="path">/boot/system/</span></a></h2>
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<p>Under Haiku's predecessor BeOS, this folder was named <span class="path">/boot/beos/</span>. You may still find it in some older documentation (e.g. in the original BeBook).<br />
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Most of the folders inside <span class="path">/boot/system/</span> are read-only, which is sensible as they contain the files necessary for Haiku to function correctly and therefore have to be safe from (accidental) alteration. The only user-writable folders are:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/cache/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains cached files and the temporary folder linked to <span class="path">/tmp/</span>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/packages/</span></td><td> </td><td>Besides holding Haiku's system packages, you can add/remove packages shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/settings/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains system-wide settings.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/var/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains logs like the syslog (important when troubleshooting) and is the default location for the swap file.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><span class="box-info">For more information on the <span class="path">packages</span> and <span class="path">non-packaged</span> folders, see topic <a href="applications.html">Installing applications</a>.</span></p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="home" name="home">La cartella Home - <span class="path">/boot/home/</span></a></h2>
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<p>This folder belongs to you. Here you can create and delete files and folders as you wish. (By the way, the tilde ("<tt>~</tt>") is a shortcut for your home folder, so you don't always have to write "<span class="path">/boot/home/</span>" in Terminal.)<br />
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Files that you'd like to share with other users in a future multi-user environment have do be put outside <span class="path">/boot/home/</span>. For example, you could create a folder <span class="path">/boot/all-users/</span> and put the stuff there.</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/Desktop/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>Holds the files of your desktop. Double-clicking won't open it, as it is already always visible. When your files happen to be obscured by open windows, just switch quickly to another <a href="workspaces.html">Workspace</a>. Of course, <a href="tracker.html#drill-down">drilling</a> down by right-clicking is also possible.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/mail/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>This is the default location for your mails.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/people/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>This is the default location for you contact files, see <a href="applications/people.html">People</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/queries/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><a href="queries.html">Queries</a> are stored here, by default temporarily for 7 days.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>The folder <span class="path">/boot/home/config/</span> is special: just like <span class="path">/boot/system/</span> it's mostly under the control of the package management and therefore read-only. It too contains these similar user-writable folders:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/config/packages/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>Here you can add/remove packages that are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives) and are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Questa cartella contiene le impostazioni per ogni applicazione e alcune configurazioni del sistema. Alcune applicazioni gestiscono le proprie impostazioni nelle loro sottocartelle, altre collocano semplicemente i loro file di configurazione qua.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><span class="box-info">For more information on the <span class="path">packages</span> and <span class="path">non-packaged</span> folders, see topic <a href="applications.html">Installing applications</a>.</span></p>
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<p>Here are some of the more interesting subfolders in <span class="path">~/config/settings/</span>:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">boot/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>Questa cartella è il luogo per gli <a href="bash-scripting.html#user-scripts">User Scripts</a> che sono eseguiti prima o dopo l'avvio o lo spegnimento del sistema.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">boot/launch/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>I link a programmi o documenti in questa cartella partono automaticamente ad ogni avvio del sistema.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">beos_mime/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Nel database <acronym title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions">MIME</acronym> Haiku tiene traccia di ogni differente <a href="filetypes.html">tipo di file</a> e delle sue impostazioni.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">deskbar/menu/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Copied or linked to files/folders/queries in this folder appear in the <a href="deskbar.html#deskbar-menu">Deskbar menu</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">kernel/drivers/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>C'è un file di impostazioni che può essere interessante: Il <span class="cli">kernel</span> permette alcune configurazioni di basso livello come la disattivazione del <acronym title="Symmetric Multi Processing">SMP</acronym>, l'attivazione del debugging seriale or la possibilità di attivare la gestione avanzata del risparmio energetico. Attiva una linea di configurazione rimuovendo il simbolo del commento "<tt>#</tt>". Fai attenzione!</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">Tracker/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Oltre alle varie impostazioni per i file del Tracker, ci sono alcune interessanti sottocartelle :</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">DefaultFolderTemplate/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"></td><td>Mostra e stabilisce tutte le proprietà e le dimensioni della finestra a proprio piacimento. Ogni nuova cartella che si crea lo userà come modello.</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">DefaultQueryTemplates/</span></td><td></td><td>Si può definire il layout di una "Query result window" per determinati tipi di file <a href="queries.html#result-window">Query: La finestra dei risultati </a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">Go/</span></td><td></td><td>Collocare qui i link alle directory preferite per renderle disponibili, ad esempio nei pannelli "apri" e "salva". Si veda il capitolo <a href="gui.html#favorites-recent">Interfaccia grafica di Haiku: Preferiti e cartelle recenti</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">Tracker New Template/</span></td><td></td><td>E' possibile aggiungere un template per ogni filetype che sarà poi disponibile tramite il menu del Tracker <span class="menu">File | Nuovo..</span>. Leggi il capitolo <a href="tracker.html#working-with-files">Tracker: Working with files</a>.</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="bootloader.html">Il Boot Loader</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">Contenuti</a>
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:: <a href="gui.html">Interfaccia grafica di Haiku</a> »
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