167 lines
11 KiB
HTML
167 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2013, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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* dill
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>引导程序</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"><img src="../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" /> 中文 ［中文］</li>
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<li><a href="../fr/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../de/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../it/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/it.png" alt="" />Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ru/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/ru.png" alt="" />Русский</a></li>
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<li><a href="../es/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/es.png" alt="" />Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sv_SE/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/sv_SE.png" alt="" />Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../jp/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/jp.png" alt="" />日本語</a></li>
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<li><a href="../uk/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/uk.png" alt="" />Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_PT/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fi/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sk/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../hu/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/hu.png" alt="" />Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_BR/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/pt_BR.png" alt="" />Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ca/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pl/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/pl.png" alt="" />Polski</a></li>
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<li><a href="../en/bootloader.html"><img src="../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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<!-- « <a href="installation.html">Installing Haiku</a>
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:: -->
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<a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h1>引导程序</h1>
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<p>Haiku 的系统引导程序可以用于帮助您解决遇到的硬件相关问题，或者用于选择通过 Haiku 的哪种安装方式来启动（可以是 CD 光驱启动或 USB 盘启动）。<br />此外，如果安装了某个软件组件导致系统无法启动，您也可以通过引导程序方便地将其移除。下面提到的<i>Disable user add-ons （禁用用户安装组件）</i> 选项，它可以启动 Haiku，但是不加载用户安装组件，例如：某个驱动程序。</p>
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<p>为了进入引导程序选项，您需要在 Haiku 的启动进程开始前，持续按住 <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 键。如果已经安装了启动管理软件，您可以在进入 Haiku 启动调用之前开始按下 <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 键。如果Haiku是唯一的操作系统，您可以在 BIOS 中显示启动消息时就开始按下该按键。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="options" name="options">引导管理器选项</a></h2>
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<p>进入选项之后，出现了下面四个菜单：</p>
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<table summary="bootloader menus" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><b>Select boot volume</b></td><td> </td><td>选择Haiku的安装介质。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Select safe mode options</b><br />
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</td><td> </td><td>在系统引导中遇到硬件问题时，可以尝试下面的几个选项。当选择条移动到某个选项时，在屏幕底部会显示相应的简短说明。</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">安全模式</span><br />
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启动系统进入安全模式。该模式可以在其他选项中单独启用。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">禁用用户附加组件</span><br />
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阻止加载所有用户安装的附加组件。只有 system 目录中的附加组件会被加载。详情查阅如下 <a href="#troubleshooting">故障诊断</a> 。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">禁用 IDE DMA</span><br />
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禁用 IDE DMA, 在损失一定性能基础上提升 IDE 兼容性。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Ignore memory beyond 4 GiB</span><br />
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忽略超出 4GiB 地址限制的内存，覆盖内核配置文件中的设置。
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</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Use fail-safe video mode</span><br />
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系统将会使用 VESA 模式，并且将不会使用任何的显卡驱动。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable IO-APIC</span><br />
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禁用用于中断例程的 IO APIC，强制使用老式的 PIC 。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable local APIC</span><br />
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禁用本地 APIC，同时禁用 SMP 。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable SMP</span><br />
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禁用其他核心，仅保留单个处理器核心。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Don't call the BIOS</span><br />
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禁止系统调用 BIOS 功能.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable APM</span><br />
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禁用高级电源管理硬件支持，同时覆盖内核配置文件中的 APM 设置。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable ACPI</span><br />
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禁用高级配置和电源接口硬件支持，覆盖内核配置文件中的 ACPI 设置。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span><br />
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选中系统文件作为黑名单文件，例如临时禁用某些驱动。详情参考 <a href="#troubleshooting">故障诊断</a> 。</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Select debug options</b><br />
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</td><td> </td><td>在这里，你会发现几个选项，它们用于调试或者获取<a href="../welcome/en/bugreports.html">错误报告</a>的详细情况。同时，对于每个选项，在屏幕底部也都会出现相关的说明。</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable serial debug output</span><br />
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打开并输出 syslog 信息到串口（默认：115200, 8N1）。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable on screen debug output</span><br />
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在系统启动时，在屏幕显示调试信息，而不是常规的启动画面。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable on screen paging</span><br />
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在屏幕调试输出启用时，禁用翻页效果。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable debug syslog</span><br />
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为该回话启用特殊的内存日志缓存，在系统重启时供引导管理器访问。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display current boot loader log</span><br />
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显示引导管理器登陆调试信息（按下 <span class="key">Q</span> 退出登陆)</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Add advanced debug option</span><br />
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允许直接输入高级调试选项。</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>如果激活了 "Enable debug syslog" ，那么在崩溃后，热启动后将提示如下附加选项：</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td> <p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session during boot</span><br />
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在启动时保存前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志到 /var/log/previous_syslog 。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display syslog from previous session</span><br />
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显示前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session</span><br />
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保存前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志到磁盘，目前仅支持 FAT32 分区。</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><b>Select fail safe video mode</b></td><td> </td><td>如果你启动了 <i>Use fail-safe video mode</i> 选项， 您可以设置屏幕的分辨率和颜色深度。</td></tr>
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</table>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="troubleshooting" name="troubleshooting">故障诊断</a></h2>
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<p>If Haiku refuses to boot on your hardware from the get-go, try out setting different options under <span class="menu">Select safe mode options</span>. Consider filing a <a href="../welcome/en/bugreports.html">bug report</a> in any case.</p>
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<p>On the other hand, if Haiku only suddenly acts up after you have installed some software, especially hardware drivers, you have several options to get Haiku bootable again to make things right by uninstalling the offending package again:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>Activating <span class="menu">Safe mode</span> will prevent most servers, daemons and the UserBootScript from being started.</p></li>
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<li><p>Activating <span class="menu">Disable user add-ons</span> will prevent using any add-ons (drivers, translators, etc.) you have installed in the user hierarchy under your Home folder.</p></li>
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<li><p>If the offending driver, add-on etc. is installed in the system hierarchy, things get a bit more complicated, because that area is read-only. Here, the <span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span> comes into play. With it, you can navigate through the whole system hierarchy and disable the component that's messing things up for you by checking an entry with the <span class="key">SPACE</span> or <span class="key">RETURN</span> key. <span class="key">ESC</span> returns you up one level to the parent directory.</p>
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<p>Online, there's the article <a href="http://www.haiku-os.org/blog/barrett/2013-12-15_how_permanently_blacklist_package_file">How to Permanently Blacklist a Package File</a> showing how to make that setting stick.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="booting" name="booting">引导 Haiku</a></h2>
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<p>在激活几个选项之后，返回主菜单，继续系统引导。开机界面如下：</p>
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<img src="../images/bootloader-images/boot-screen.png" alt="boot-screen.png" />
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<p>如果一切运行正常，那么所有的图标都将依此点亮。<br />
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这些不同的符号大致对应了下面的启动步骤：</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><b>Atom</b></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td><td>系统组件初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Disk + magnifier</b></td><td> </td><td>创建文件系统 (<span class="path">/</span>) 和挂载硬件驱动 (<span class="path">/dev</span>).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Plug-in card</b></td><td> </td><td>硬件管理初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Boot disk</b></td><td> </td><td>挂载启动磁盘。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Chip</b></td><td> </td><td>CPU特定模块加载</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Folder</b></td><td> </td><td>子系统初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Rocket</b></td><td> </td><td>加载系统启动脚本。</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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<!-- « <a href="installation.html">Installing Haiku</a>
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:: -->
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<a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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