184 lines
14 KiB
HTML
184 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2020, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Akuji
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* Sergei Reznikov
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* Rodastahm Islamov
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* Humdinger
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* Michael Smirnov
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* Vsevolod
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>Загрузчик (Boot Loader)</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>Руководство пользователя</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now">Русский <span class="dropdown-caret">▼</span></li>
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<li><a href="../id/bootloader.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ca/bootloader.html">Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../de/bootloader.html">Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../en/bootloader.html">English</a></li>
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<li><a href="../es/bootloader.html">Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fr/bootloader.html">Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fur/bootloader.html">Furlan</a></li>
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<li><a href="../it/bootloader.html">Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../hu/bootloader.html">Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pl/bootloader.html">Polski</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_PT/bootloader.html">Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_BR/bootloader.html">Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ro/bootloader.html">Română</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sk/bootloader.html">Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fi/bootloader.html">Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sv_SE/bootloader.html">Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../tr/bootloader.html">Türkçe</a></li>
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<li><a href="../zh_CN/bootloader.html"> 中文 ［中文］</a></li>
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<li><a href="../uk/bootloader.html">Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../jp/bootloader.html">日本語</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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<!-- « <a href="installation.html">Installing Haiku</a>
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:: -->
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<a href="contents.html" class="uplink">Содержание</a>
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:: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">Иерархия файловой системы</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">Перевод этой страницы еще не завершен. Пока это не произойдет, незавершенные части будут на английском.</div>
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<h1>Загрузчик (Boot Loader)</h1>
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<p>Haiku's Boot Loader Options can help when you experience hardware related problems or want to choose which Haiku installation to start, if you have more than one (maybe on an installation CD or USB stick). It's also handy if you have installed a software component that acts up and prevents you from booting Haiku, see <a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a> below.</p>
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<p>Для того чтобы зайти в настройки загрузчика, необходимо нажать и удерживать клавишу <span class="key">SHIFT</span> до начала загрузки Haiku. Если загрузчик установлен, то вы можете начать удерживать <span class="key">SHIFT</span> перед выбором загрузочной записи Haiku, а если она является единственной операционной системой на компьютере, то вы можете начать удерживать клавишу во время стартовых сообщений BIOS.</p>
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<div class="box-info">On computers that use UEFI for booting instead of the classic BIOS, you need to use the <span class="key">SPACEBAR</span> instead.</div>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="options" name="options">Опции загрузчика</a></h2>
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<p>Вы увидите три пункта меню:</p>
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<table summary="bootloader menus" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><b>Выбор загрузочного раздела <br />(Select boot volume)</b></td><td> </td><td>Выбор конкретной инсталляции/версии Haiku для запуска (см. ниже в разделе <a href="#troubleshooting">Исправление проблем</a>).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Выбор опций безопасного режима <br />(Select safe mode options)</b><br />
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</td><td> </td><td>Здесь находится несколько опций, которые могут помочь с решением аппаратных проблем или же побороть нестабильную работу системы в случае некорректно ведущего себя адд-она. При выборе опции в нижней части экрана отображается её краткое описание.</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">Safe mode</span><br />
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Puts the system into safe mode. This can be enabled independently from the other options.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable user add-ons</span><br />
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Prevents all user installed add-ons from being loaded. Only the add-ons in the system directory will be used. See <a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a> below.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable IDE DMA</span><br />
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Disables IDE DMA, increasing IDE compatibility at the expense of performance.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Ignore memory beyond 4 GiB</span><br />
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Ignores all memory beyond the 4 GiB address limit, overriding the setting in the kernel settings file.
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</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Use fail-safe graphics driver</span><br />
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The system will use VESA mode and won't try to use any video graphics drivers.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable IO-APIC</span><br />
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Disables using the IO APIC for interrupt routing, forcing the use of the legacy PIC instead.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable local APIC</span><br />
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Disables using the local APIC, also disables SMP.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable X2APIC</span><br />
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Disables second generation APIC.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable SMEP and SMAP</span><br />
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Disables SMEP/SMAP security features of the CPU.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable SMP</span><br />
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Disables all but one CPU core.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Don't call the BIOS</span><br />
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Stops the system from calling BIOS functions.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable APM</span><br />
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Disables Advanced Power Management hardware support, overriding the APM setting in the kernel settings file.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable ACPI</span><br />
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Disables Advanced Configuration and Power Interface hardware support, overriding the ACPI setting in the kernel settings file.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span><br />
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Allows to select system files that shall be ignored. Useful e.g. to disable drivers temporarily. See <a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a> below.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Выбор опций отладки (Select debug options)</b>
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</td><td> </td><td>Здесь вы найдете несколько опций, которые помогут вам при поиске неисправностей или при получении дополнительных сведений при составлении <a href="../../welcome/ru/bugreports.html">отчета об ошибке</a>. Опять же, внизу отображается короткое описание для каждой опции.</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable serial debug output</span><br />
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Turns on forwarding the syslog output to the serial interface (default: 115200, 8N1).</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable on screen debug output</span><br />
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Display debug output on screen while the system is booting, instead of the normal boot logo.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable on screen paging</span><br />
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Disables paging when on screen debug output is enabled.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable debug syslog</span><br />
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Enables a special in-memory syslog buffer for this session that the boot loader will be able to access after rebooting.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display current boot loader log</span><br />
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Displays the debug info the boot loader has logged (press <span class="key">Q</span> to exit the log)</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Add advanced debug option</span><br />
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Allows advanced debugging options to be entered directly.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>Если активирован пункт меню <span class="menu">Enable debug syslog</span>, то после горячей перезагрузки после системного сбоя появятся эти дополнительные опции:</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td> <p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session during boot</span><br />
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Saves the syslog from the previous Haiku session to <span class="path">/var/log/previous_syslog</span> when booting.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display syslog from previous session</span><br />
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Displays the syslog from the previous Haiku session.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session</span><br />
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Saves the syslog from the previous Haiku session to disk. Currently only FAT32 volumes are supported.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><b>Выбор разрешения экрана <br />(Select screen resolution)</b></td><td> </td><td>Позволяет принудительно задать разрешение экрана и глубину цвета.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="troubleshooting" name="troubleshooting">Исправление проблем</a></h2>
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<p>If Haiku refuses to boot on your hardware from the get-go, try out setting different options under <span class="menu">Select safe mode options</span>. Consider filing a <a href="../../welcome/en/bugreports.html">bug report</a> in any case.</p>
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<p>On the other hand, if Haiku only suddenly acts up after you have installed some software, especially hardware drivers, you have several options to get Haiku bootable again so you can uninstall the offending package:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>Activating <span class="menu">Safe mode</span> will prevent most servers, daemons and the UserBootscript from being started.</p></li>
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<li><p>Activating <span class="menu">Disable user add-ons</span> will prevent using any add-ons (drivers, translators, etc.) you have installed in the user hierarchy under your Home folder.</p></li>
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<li><p>If activating <span class="menu">Use fail-safe graphics driver</span> solves your troubles by falling back to VESA graphics, you can make the setting permanent by removing the <tt>#</tt> of the line <i>#fail_safe_video_mode true</i> in the text file <span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/kernel/drivers/kernel</span>.</p></li>
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<li><p>If the offending driver, add-on etc. is installed in the system hierarchy, things get a bit more complicated, because that area is read-only. Here, the <span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span> comes into play. With it, you can navigate through the whole system hierarchy and disable the component that's messing things up for you by checking an entry with the <span class="key">SPACE</span> or <span class="key">RETURN</span> key. <span class="key">ESC</span> returns you up one level to the parent directory.</p>
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<p>Online, there's the article <a href="http://www.haiku-os.org/blog/barrett/2013-12-15_how_permanently_blacklist_package_file">How to Permanently Blacklist a Package File</a> showing how to make that setting stick.</p></li>
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<li><p>Under <span class="menu">Select boot volume</span> you can specify what former "version" of Haiku to boot. Every time you un/install a package, the old state is saved and you can boot into it by choosing it from the list presented in the boot loader options.<br />
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So, if you encounter boot problems after installing some package, boot a Haiku state from before that time and uninstall the offending package.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="booting" name="booting">Загрузка Haiku</a></h2>
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<p>После активации одной или более опций вернитесь в главное меню и продолжите загрузку. Далее вы увидите загрузочный экран:</p>
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<img src="../images/bootloader-images/boot-screen.png" alt="boot-screen.png" />
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<p>Если все в порядке, то иконки будут быстро загораться, одна за другой.<br />
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Каждая иконка соответствует определенному этапу загрузки:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><b>Атом</b></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td><td>Инициализация модулей.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Диск с лупой</b></td><td> </td><td>Создание корневой файловой системы (<span class="path">/</span>) и монтирование файловой системы устройств (<span class="path">/dev</span>).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Карта расширения</b></td><td> </td><td>Инициализация менеджера устройств.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Загрузочный диск</b></td><td> </td><td>Монтирование загрузочного диска.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Чип</b></td><td> </td><td>Загрузка модулей процессора.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Папка</b></td><td> </td><td>Финальная инициализация подсистем.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Ракета</b></td><td> </td><td>Демон загрузки Launch_daemon запускает систему.</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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