162 lines
13 KiB
HTML
162 lines
13 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2014, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>终端</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"><img src="../../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" /> 中文 ［中文］</li>
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<li><a href="../../fr/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../de/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../it/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/it.png" alt="" />Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../ru/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ru.png" alt="" />Русский</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../es/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/es.png" alt="" />Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../sv_SE/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sv_SE.png" alt="" />Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../jp/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/jp.png" alt="" />日本語</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../uk/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/uk.png" alt="" />Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../pt_PT/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../fi/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../sk/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../hu/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/hu.png" alt="" />Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../pt_BR/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_BR.png" alt="" />Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../ca/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../pl/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pl.png" alt="" />Polski</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../en/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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« <a href="stylededit.html">文本编辑器</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#list-of-apps" class="uplink">应用程序
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</a>
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:: <a href="textsearch.html">文本搜索</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/terminal-icon_64.png" alt="terminal-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />终端</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>桌面栏：</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="menu">应用程序</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>位置：</td><td></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/apps/Terminal</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>设置：</td><td></td><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/Terminal</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.profile</span> - 添加或者覆盖默认的 <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/profile</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.inputrc</span> - 添加或者覆盖默认的 <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/inputrc</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>终端是Haiku中具有用户界面的bash，即 Bourne Again Shell。</p>
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<p>请参考 <a href="../bash-scripting.html">脚本</a> 这一主题获取有关 Shel l的在线教程，同时也可以阅读 <a href="cli-apps.html">Haiku 的命令行程序</a>。在本文中，我们重点关注终端本身的使用。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="windows-tabs" name="windows-tabs">窗口与标签</a></h2>
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<p>您可以根据需要打开任意数量的终端，可以简单的启动，或者从正在运行的终端中使用 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">N</span> 组合键来打开多个终端窗口。您也可以使用终端的标签视图方式，使用 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">T</span> 组合键打开新的终端标签。</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal.png" alt="terminal.png" />
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<br />
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<p>双击标签栏的空白区域将打开一个新标签；双击标签将会打开一个对话框重命名标签标题。当您在文本域中悬停鼠标时，会有几个 %-指定变量 ，并且伴随着一个提示框，解释其含义。<br />
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默认情况下，<tt>%1d: %p</tt>，标签显示了当前目录和当前运行进程的名称，并且它们被 <tt>:</tt>所分隔（或者 <tt>--</tt>，如果它仅仅是一个运行的 bash ，或者空闲进程）。上面的屏幕截图中的第一个标签显示了 <span class="path">Desktop</span> 文件夹中的 FTP 会话，而第二个标签闲置于 <span class="path">home</span> 文件夹。<br />
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使用 <span class="menu">Edit|Window title...</span> 也可以以类似的方式编辑终端窗口的标题。</p>
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<p>右键点击标签将会出现一个右键菜单：<span class="menu">Close tab</span>，<span class="menu">Close other tabs</span> 或者，如双击，则显示 <span class="menu">Edit tab title...</span> 。</p>
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<p>终端的窗口和其他窗口一样可以调整尺寸，或者使用 <span class="menu">Settings | Window Size</span> 菜单中的预置尺寸。 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">ENTER</span> 组合键将会切换到全屏模式。</p>
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<p>All the settings you change directly through the <span class="menu">Settings</span> menu, like <span class="menu">Window title</span>, <span class="menu">Window size</span>, <span class="menu">Text encoding</span> or <span class="menu">Font size</span> are only kept for the current session. If you want to make permanent changes, you have to apply them in the <span class="menu">Settings...</span> panel.</p>
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<h2><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="settings" name="settings">设置</a></h2>
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<p><span class="menu">Settings | Settings...</span> 打开一个面板，用于配置终端的标准设置。</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal-settings.png" alt="terminal-settings.png" />
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<br />
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<p>Most of the offered settings speak for themselves.<br />
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Hover your mouse over the "formulas" for naming tab and window titles to get tooltips for the available variables. <br />
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You can choose pre-defined color schema like <span class="menu">Midnight</span> or <span class="menu">Retro</span> or create a <span class="menu">Custom</span> one by selecting which color you want to change (<span class="menu">Text</span>, <span class="menu">Background</span>, <span class="menu">Cursor</span> etc.) and then use the color picker below.</p>
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<p>A few more options follow: you can have a <span class="menu">Blinking cursor</span> and choose to <span class="menu">Use bright instead of bold text</span>. The latter setting avoids the sometimes rather unsightly rendering of bold fonts in the Terminal.<br />
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Activate the checkbox to <span class="menu">Confirm exit if active programs exist</span> and you'll be warned when trying to close a Terminal window while an app is still being executed.</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="button">Save to file...</span></td><td width="10"> </td><td>let's you save different settings as separate profiles, which on double-click open an accordingly configured Terminal.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="button">Revert</span></td><td> </td><td>brings back the settings that were active when you opened the settings panel.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="button">Defaults</span></td><td> </td><td>resets everything to default values.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="shortcuts" name="shortcuts">快捷键</a></h2>
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<p>您可以在 <a href="../keyboard-shortcuts.html#terminal">快捷键和组合键</a> 主题中找到非常有用的快捷键的列表。</p>
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<p>Another nice feature that is more a key & mouse combination: When holding <span class="key">ALT</span> a path or URL under the mouse pointer gets highlighted. A left-click opens the file/folder or website. A right-click opens a context menu to either <span class="menu">Copy path</span> or <span class="menu">Copy absolute path</span>. Imagine you're in <span class="path">/MyData/source/haiku/</span> and have the path <span class="path">generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit</span> under the mouse pointer, the latter menu item will result in the combined, absolute path <<i>deep breath</i>>:<br /> <span class="path">/MyData/source/haiku/generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit</span>.</p>
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<p>如果您同时按下 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 按键，那么只有鼠标移动起始位置之间的部分会被高亮显示。 </p>
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<p>提示一下，右键点击终端窗口，将会插入剪贴板内容。通过和拷贝高亮路径部分组合，该方法可用于快速导航到深层次目录。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="customization" name="customization">Bash的定制</a></h2>
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<p>bash 来自于 Unix，它具有无数的可定制的方式。对于用户来讲，有两个文件至关重要： <span class="cli">.profile</span> 和 <span class="cli">.inputrc</span> 。
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<br />
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这两个文件可以在 <span class="path">home/</span> 文件夹中予以创建， 然后将会添加到或者覆盖在 <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/</span> 中系统默认定义的配置文件。</p>
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<h3>.profile</h3>
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<p>在您每次打开新的终端时， <span class="cli">.profile</span> 都会被载入程序。在该文件中，设置了所有影响到 bash 行为和外观的各种类型的设备接口和变量。你可以在网络上找到许多资源，它们将会给出所有可能性的详细介绍。</p>
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<p>Haiku/BeOS Tip Server 提供了许多入门的技巧，例如：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/customize-your-terminal-prompt/">定制终端的提示信息</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/more-prompt-customizations/">更多提示信息的定制</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/enhancing-bash/">bash的优化和增强</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/custom-keyboard-shortcuts/">定制快捷键</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>还有很多类似的信息，<a href="http://betips.net/index.php?s=.profile">请参阅</a>。</p>
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<h3>.inputrc</h3>
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<p> <span class="cli">.inputrc</span> 用于处理键盘关联的配置。由于Haiku默认提供了非常有用的配置，您不需要修改相关的设置。如果您确实有特殊的需要，可以参考许多在线的资源，例如<a href="http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html"> GNU 的命令行读取库</a> 。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="hints" name="hints">关于终端的提醒</a></h2>
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<ul><li><p>从文件浏览器窗口中拖拽文件或者文件夹到终端将会在光标的位置插入它的路径。而使用右键拖拽将会弹出一个右键菜单，显示附加的操作：</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><span class="menu">插入路径</span></td><td> </td><td>插入一个文件的路径，与左键拖拽文件到终端类似。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">切换目录</span></td><td> </td><td>切换到所拖拽文件所在的文件夹。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">创建链接到这里</span></td><td> </td><td>在终端当前工作的目录为拖拽的文件创建链接。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">移动到这里</span></td><td> </td><td>移动拖拽的文件到终端当前工作的目录。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">复制到这里</span></td><td> </td><td>复制拖拽的文件到终端当期工作的目录。</td></tr>
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</table></li>
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<li><p>您可以使用<span class="cli">open <i>[filename]</i></span> 命令以首选程序打开任何的文件。该命令也作用于当前文件夹（"<span class="cli">.</span>"）和父文件夹（"<span class="cli">..</span>"），它们分别以Tracker窗口打开。所以，如果希望打开当前工作的目录，您可以输入：</p>
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<pre class="terminal">open .</pre>
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</li></ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="stylededit.html">文本编辑器</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#list-of-apps" class="uplink">应用程序
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</a>
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:: <a href="textsearch.html">文本搜索</a> »
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