haiku/docs/user/support/Archivable.dox

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/*
* Copyright 2007 Haiku, Inc. All rights reserved.
* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
*
* Authors:
* Niels Sascha Reedijk, niels.reedijk@gmail.com
* Alex Wilson, yourpalal2@gmail.com
* John Scipione, jscipione@gmail.com
*
* Proofreader:
* David Weizades, ddewbofh@hotmail.com
* Thom Holwerda, slakje@quicknet.nl
*
* Corresponds to:
* headers/os/support/Archivable.h rev 37751
* src/kits/support/Archivable.cpp rev 44303
*/
/*!
\file Archivable.h
\ingroup support
\ingroup libbe
\brief Provides the BArchivable interface and declares the BArchiver and
BUnarchiver classes.
*/
/*!
\class BArchivable
\ingroup support
\ingroup libbe
\brief Interface for objects that can be archived into a BMessage.
BArchivable provides an interface for objects that can be put into message
archives and extracted into objects in another location. Using this you are
able to send objects between applications, or even between computers across
networks.
BArchivable differs from BFlattenable in that BFlattenable is designed to
store objects into flat streams of data, the main objective being storage to
disk. The objective of this interface, however, is to store objects that
will later be restored as new (but identical) objects. To illustrate this
point, BArchivable objects can be restored automatically to the correct
class, whereas BFlattenable objects have a data type which you need to map
to classes manually.
Archiving is done with the Archive() method. If your class supports it, the
caller can request it to store into a deep archive, meaning that all child
objects in it will be stored. Extracting the archive works with the
Instantiate() method, which is static. Since the interface is designed to
extract objects without the caller knowing what kind of object it actually
is, the global function #instantiate_object() instantiates a message without
you manually having to determine the class the message is from. This adds
considerable flexibility and allows BArchivable to be used in combination
with other add-ons.
To provide this interface in your classes you should publicly inherit this
class. You should implement Archive() and Instantiate(), and provide one
constructor that takes one BMessage argument.
If your class holds references to other BArchivable objects that you wish
to archive, then you should consider using the BArchiver and BUnarchiver
classes in your Archive() method and archive constructor, respectively.
You should also consider implementing the AllArchived() and AllUnarchived()
methods, which were designed to ease archiving and unarchiving in such
a situation.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn BArchivable::BArchivable(BMessage* from)
\brief Constructor. Does important behind-the-scenes work in the
unarchiving process.
If you inherit this interface you should provide at least one constructor
that takes one BMessage argument. In that constructor, you should call
your parent class' archive constructor (even if your parent class is
BArchivable).
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn BArchivable::BArchivable()
\brief Constructor. Does nothing.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn BArchivable::~BArchivable()
\brief Destructor. Does nothing.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn virtual status_t BArchivable::Archive(BMessage* into, bool deep) const
\brief Archive the object into a BMessage.
You should call this method from your derived implementation as it adds the
data needed to instantiate your object to the message.
\param into The message you store your object in.
\param deep If \c true, all children of this object should be archived as
well.
\retval B_OK The archive operation was successful.
\retval B_BAD_VALUE \c NULL \a archive message.
\retval B_ERROR The archive operation failed.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn static BArchivable* BArchivable::Instantiate(BMessage* archive)
\brief Static member to restore objects from messages.
You should always check that the \a archive argument actually corresponds to
your class. The automatic functions, such as #instantiate_object() and
BUnarchiver::InstantiateObject() will not choose the wrong class but manual
calls to this member might be faulty. You can verify that \c archive
stores an object of your class with the validate_instantiation() function.
\param archive The message with the data of the object to restore.
\return A pointer to a BArchivable object.
\retval You should return a pointer to the object you create with
\c archive, or \c NULL if the unarchival fails.
\warning The default implementation will always return \c NULL. Even though
it is possible to store plain BArchivable objects, it is impossible to
restore them.
\see instantiate_object(BMessage*)
\see BUnarchiver::InstantiateObject()
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn virtual status_t BArchivable::Perform(perform_code d, void* arg)
\brief Perform some action (Internal method defined for binary
compatibility purposes).
\internal This method is defined for binary compatibility purposes, it is
used to ensure that the correct AllUnarchived() and AllArchived()
methods are called for objects, as those methods are new to
Haiku.
\param d The perform code.
\param arg A pointer to store some data.
\returns A status code.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn virtual status_t BArchivable::AllUnarchived(const BMessage* archive)
\brief Method relating to the use of \c BUnarchiver.
This hook function is called triggered in the BUnarchiver::Finish() method.
In this method, you can rebuild references to objects that may be direct
children of your object, or may be children of other objects.
Implementations of this method should call the implementation of
their parent class, the same as for the Archive() method.
\warning To guarantee that your AllUnarchived() method will be called
during unarchival, you must create a BUnarchiver object in your
archive constructor.
\see BUnarchiver, BUnarchiver::Finish()
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*! \fn virtual status_t BArchivable::AllArchived(BMessage* into) const
\brief Method relating to the use of \c BArchiver.
This hook function is called once the first BArchiver that was created in
an archiving session is either destroyed, or has its Finish() method
called. Implementations of this method can be used, in conjunction with
BArchiver::IsArchived(), to reference objects in your archive that you
do not own, depending on whether or not those objects were archived by their
owners. Implementations of this method should call the implementation of
their parent class, the same as for the Archive() method.
\warning To guarantee that your AllArchived() method will be called
during archival, you must create a BArchiver object in your
Archive() implementation.
\warning You should archive any objects you own in your Archive()
method implementation, and \b NOT your AllArchived() method.
\see BArchiver BArchiver::Finish()
\since Haiku R1
*/
///// BArchiver /////
/*!
\class BArchiver
\ingroup support
\ingroup libbe
\brief A class that simplifies the archiving of complicated BArchivable
hierarchies.
The BArchiver class is a small class that is used for archiving of
complicated BArchivable hierarchies. Such a hierarchy may include
multiple BArchivable objects, each of which might be referenced by
many BArchivable objects. With the BArchiver class, you can be certain
that each BArchivable object is archived only once with very little work.
When used in conjuction with the BArchivable::AllArchived() and
BArchivable::AllUnarchived() methods, it is simple to rebuild your system of
references upon unarchival so that they are equivalent to those that were
present in your original hierarchy.
The objects you archive can be retrieved using a BUnarchiver object.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn BArchiver::BArchiver(BMessage* archive)
\brief Constructs a BArchiver object that manages \c archive.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn BArchiver::~BArchiver()
\brief Destroys a BArchiver object. If the BArchiver object has not had its
Finish() method called, this will be done now.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BArchiver::AddArchivable(const char* name,
BArchivable* archivable, bool deep = true)
\brief Adds a reference to \c archivable to the archive used to
construct this BArchiver. May call \c archivable's Archive() method.
\param name Where this reference will be stored in the archive.
\param archivable The BArchivable* object that to reference.
\param deep Passed to \c archivable->Archive() if \c archivable must
be archived.
Adds a reference to \c archivable to your archive. If \c archivable has
not yet been archived, then its Archive() method is called. BArchiver
can only track BArchivable objects that have been archived through this
method or the GetTokenForArchivable() methods.
\warning If you manually archive an object, and then pass it to
AddArchivable() or GetTokenForArchivable(), it will be archived
again, and when unarchived you will end up with two different
BArchivable objects.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BArchiver::GetTokenForArchivable(BArchivable* archivable,
bool deep, int32& _token);
\brief Get a token representing a BArchivable object for this archiving
session.
\param archivable The BArchivable object for which you wish to get a
token.
\param deep Controls how \c archivable will be archived, if it has not yet
been archived in this session.
\param[out] _token The token representing \c archivable is stored here.
Retrieves or creates a token to represent \c archivable in this archiving
session. If \c archivable has not yet been archived, it will be now. If
\c archivable gets archived, the \c deep parameter will be passed to its
Archive() method.
\warning If you manually archive an object, and then pass it to
GetTokenForArchivable(), it will be archived again, and when
unarchived you will end up with two different BArchivable objects.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BArchiver::GetTokenForArchivable(BArchivable* archivable,
int32 &_token)
\brief Equivalent to calling the expanded GetTokenForArchivable(
BArchivable*, bool, int32&), with the deep parameter equal to
\c true.
\see GetTokenForArchivable(BArchivable*, bool, int32&)
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn bool BArchiver::IsArchived(BArchivable* archivable);
\brief Returns whether \c archivable has already been archived in this
session.
\return Whether or not the object has already been archived.
\retval true \c archivable has been archived in this archiving session.
\retval false \c archivable has not been archived in this archiving session.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BArchiver::Finish(status_t err = B_OK);
\brief Report any archiving errors and possibly complete the archiving
session.
This method may finish an archiving session (triggering the call of all
archived objects' AllArchived() methods) if the following conditions
are true:
- No errors have been reported to this or any other BArchiver object
within this session.
- This is the last remaining BArchiver that has not had its Finish()
method invoked.
If you call this method with an error code not equal to B_OK, then this
archiving session has failed, archived objects will not have their
AllArchived() methods called, and any subsequent calls to this method
on any BArchiver objects in this session will return your error code.
\return The first error reported in this archiving session, or \c B_OK.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn const BMessage* BArchiver::ArchiveMessage() const
\brief Returns the BMessage* used to construct this BArchiver. This is
the archive that AddArchivable() modifies.
\since Haiku R1
*/
///// BUnarchiver /////
/*!
\class BUnarchiver
\ingroup support
\ingroup libbe
\brief A class that simplifies the unarchiving of complicated BArchivable
hierarchies.
The BUnarchiver class is a small class used to recover BArchivable objects
that have been archived with the BArchiver class. It also provides ownership
semantics, so that memory leaks can be avoided during the unarchival
process. When retrieving an object (either via GetObject() or FindObject()),
you can specify a BUnarchiver::ownership_policy. If you specify
BUnarchiver::B_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP, you will become responsible for deleting
the retrieved item. If you specify BUnarchiver::B_DONT_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP,
you will not become responsible. You cannot take ownership of the same
object twice. After the unarchival process finishes, any unclaimed objects,
excluding the root object (the object being instantiated via
instantiate_object() or BUnarchiver::InstantiateObject()), will be deleted.
If you are updating a class that previously did not use the BArchiver and
BUnarchiver helper classes, and want to maintain backwards compatibility
with old archive, this can be done using the IsArchiveManaged() method.
\warning Calling methods on your BUnarchiver with a legacy archive (one
that was not managed by a BArchiver during archival) will result
in a call to debugger().
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\enum BUnarchiver::ownership_policy
\brief Options for the ownership policy of objects retrieved from
BUnarchiver
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\var ownership_policy BUnarchiver::B_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP
\brief Ownership of unarchived objects will be transferred to the caller.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\var ownership_policy BUnarchiver::B_DONT_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP
\brief The unarchived objects will be borrowed to the caller.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn BUnarchiver::BUnarchiver(const BMessage* archive)
\brief Constructs a BUnarchiver object to manage \c archive.
\note To guarantee that your AllUnarchived() method will be called during
archival, you must create a BUnarchiver object in your archive
constructor. It is necessary to do this even if you won't use the
BUnarchiver object in your archive constructor.
\warning Do not construct a BUnarchiver object without first calling
BUnarchiver::PrepareArchive() on \c archive. It is only safe to
build a BUnarchiver without this call in your AllUnarchived()
implementation.
\see BUnarchiver::PrepareArchive()
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn BUnarchiver::~BUnarchiver()
\brief Destroys a BUnarchiver object.
Calls this objects Finish() method, if it has not yet been called.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BUnarchiver::EnsureUnarchived(int32 token)
\brief Ensure the object represented by \a token is unarchived and
instantiated.
\param token the object \a token
\returns A status code.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BUnarchiver::EnsureUnarchived(const char* name,
int32 index = 0)
\brief Ensure the object archived under \a name at \a index is unarchived
and instantiated.
\param name The archive \a name.
\param index The archive \a index.
\returns A status code.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn bool BUnarchiver::IsInstantiated(int32 token)
\brief Checks whether the object represented by \c token has been
instantiated in this session.
\param token The object \a token.
\returns \c true if instantiated, \c false otherwise
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn bool BUnarchiver::IsInstantiated(const char* name, int32 index = 0)
\brief Checks whether the object archived under \a name at \a index has been
instantiated in this session.
\param name The archive \a name.
\param index The arcive \a token.
\returns \c true if instantiated, \c false otherwise.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::GetObject(int32 token,
ownership_policy owning, T*& object)
\brief Recover an object by token that was archived by a BArchiver object.
If the object has not yet been instantiated, and this request is not coming
from an AllUnarchived() implementation, the object will be instantiated now.
If the retrieved object is not of the type T, then this method will fail.
If this method fails, you will not receive ownership of the object, no
matter what you specified in \c owning.
\tparam T The type of \a object you wish to find.
\param token The \a token you got for this object from
BArchiver::GetTokenForArchivable() during archival.
\param owning Whether or not you wish to take ownership of the
retrieved object.
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::GetObject(int32 token,
T*& object)
\brief Recover and take ownership of an object represented by \a token.
Equivalent to calling GetObject(token, \c B_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP, object)
\tparam T The type of \a object you wish to find.
\param token The \a token you got for this object from
BArchiver::GetTokenForArchivable() during archival.
\param object The return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::FindObject(const char* name,
int32 index, ownership_policy owning, T*& object)
\brief Recover an object that had previously been archived using
the BArchiver::AddArchivable() method.
If the object has not yet been instantiated, and this request is not
coming from an AllUnarchived() implementation, the object will be
instantiated now.
If the retrieved object is not of the type T, then this method will fail.
If this method fails, you will not receive ownership of the object, no
matter what you specified in \c owning.
\tparam T The type of object you wish to find.
\param name The name that was passed to BArchiver::AddArchivable() when
adding this object.
\param index The index of the object you wish to recover (\c 0-based,
like BMessage::FindData().
\param owning Dictates whether or not you wish to take ownership of the
retrieved object.
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::FindObject(const char* name,
int32 index, T*& object)
\brief Recover and take ownership of an object that had previously been
archived using the BArchiver::AddArchivable() method.
\tparam T The type of object you wish to find.
\param name The name that was passed to BArchiver::AddArchivable() when
adding this object.
\param index The index of the object you wish to recover (\c 0-based,
like #BMessage::FindData().
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::FindObject(const char* name,
ownership_policy owning, T*& object)
\brief Recover an object at index \c 0 that had previously been
archived using the BArchiver::AddArchivable() method.
Equivalent to calling FindObject(name, \c 0, owning, object).
\tparam T The type of \a object you wish to find.
\param name The name that was passed to BArchiver::AddArchivable() when
adding this object.
\param owning Dictates whether or not you wish to take ownership of the
retrieved object.
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::FindObject(const char* name,
T*& object)
\brief Recover and take ownership of an object at index \c 0 that had
previously been archived using the BArchiver::AddArchivable() method.
Equivalent to calling FindObject(name, \c 0,
BUnarchiver::B_ASSUME_OWNERSHIP, object).
\tparam T The type of \a object you wish to find.
\param name The name that was passed to BArchiver::AddArchivable() when
adding this object.
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved \a object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The \a object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The \a object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn status_t BUnarchiver::Finish(status_t err = B_OK);
\brief Report any unarchiving errors and possibly complete the archiving
session.
This method may finish an unarchiving session (triggering the call of all
instantiated objects' AllUnarchived() methods) if the following conditions
are true:
- No errors have been reported to this or any other BUnarchiver
object within this session.
- This is the last remaining BUnarchiver that has not had its
Finish() method invoked.
If you call this method with an error code not equal to B_OK, then this
unarchiving session has failed, instantiated objects will not have their
AllUnarchived() methods called, and any subsequent calls to this method
on any BUnarchiver objects in this session will return your error code.
Furthermore, any objects that have been instantiated, but have not had
their ownership assumed by another object will now be deleted (excluding
the root object).
\return The first error reported in this unarchiving session, or \c B_OK.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn const BMessage* BUnarchiver::ArchiveMessage() const
\brief Returns the BMessage* used to construct this BUnarchiver.
This is the archive that FindObject() uses.
*/
/*!
\fn static bool BUnarchiver::IsArchiveManaged(const BMessage* archive)
\brief Checks whether \a archive was managed by a BArchiver object.
This method can be used to maintain archive backwards-compatibility for a
class that has been updated to use the BArchiver class. If there is a
possibility that you are may dealing with a legacy archive, you can use
this method to find out before calling any methods on your BUnarchiver
object.
Here is an example of how you might use this method. Note that you
must still call PrepareArchive(archive) either way.
\code
MyArchivableClas::MyArchivableClass(BMessage* archive)
:
BArchivable(BUnarchiver::PrepareArchive(archive))
{
BUnarchiver unarchiver(archive);
if (BUnarchiver::IsArchiveManaged(archive)) {
// ... calls to FindObject() or GetObject() here ...
} else {
// ... calls to BMessage::FindMessage() here ...
}
}
\endcode
\returns Whether \a archive was managed by a BArchiver object.
\retval true if \a archive was managed by a BArchiver object.
\retval false otherwise.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn static BMessage* BUnarchiver::PrepareArchive(BMessage* &archive)
\brief Prepares \c archive for use by a BUnarchiver.
This method must be called if you plan to use a BUnarchiver on an archive.
It must be called once for each class an object inherits from that
will use a BUnarchiver.
\warning This method \b must be called \b before a call to the
archive constructor of your parent class.
Notice the use of this method in the example provided below.
\code
MyArchivableClas::MyArchivableClas(BMessage* archive)
:
BArchivable(BUnarchiver::PrepareArchive(archive))
{
// ...
}
\endcode
\param archive The archive you wish to have prepared.
\return The same #BMessage as is passed in.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn void BUnarchiver::AssumeOwnership(BArchivable* archivable)
\brief Become the owner of \a archivable.
After calling this method you are responsible for deleting the
\a archivable.
\param archivable The \a archivable object.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn void BUnarchiver::RelinquishOwnership(BArchivable* archivable)
\brief Relinquish ownership of \a archivable. If \a archivable remains
unclaimed at the end of the unarchiving session, it will be deleted
(unless it is the root object).
\param archivable The \a archivable object.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn template<class T> status_t BUnarchiver::InstantiateObject(
BMessage* from, T*& object)
\brief Attempt to instantiate an object of type T from BMessage*
\a from.
If the instantiated object is not of type T, then it will be deleted,
and this method will return \c B_BAD_TYPE. This method is similar to
the instantiate_object() function, but provides error reporting and
protection from memory leaks.
\param from The #BMessage to instantiate from.
\param object Return parameter for the retrieved object of type T.
\returns A status code.
\retval B_OK The object retrieved was of type T.
\retval B_BAD_TYPE The object retrieved was not of type T.
\since Haiku R1
*/
///// Global methods /////
/*!
\addtogroup support_globals
*/
//! @{
/*!
\typedef typedef BArchivable* (*instantiation_func)(BMessage*)
\brief Internal definition of a function that can instantiate objects that
have been created with the BArchivable API.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn BArchivable* instantiate_object(BMessage *from, image_id *id)
\brief Instantiate an archived object with the object being defined in a
different application or library.
This function is similar to instantiate_object(BMessage *from), except that
it takes the \a id argument referring to an image where the object might be
stored.
\note Images are names for executable files. Image id's refer to these
executable files that have been loaded by your application. Have a
look at the kernel API for further information.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn BArchivable* instantiate_object(BMessage *from)
\brief Instantiate an archived object.
This global function will determine the base class, based on the \a from
argument, and it will call the Instantiate() function of that object to
restore it.
\param from The archived object.
\return The object returns a pointer to the instantiated object, or \c NULL
if the instantiation failed. The global \c errno variable will
contain the reason why it failed.
\see instantiate_object(BMessage *from, image_id *id)
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn bool validate_instantiation(BMessage* from, const char* className)
\brief Internal function that checks if the \a className is the same as the
one stored in the \a from message.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn instantiation_func find_instantiation_func(const char* className,
const char* signature)
\brief Internal function that searches for the instantiation func with a
specific signature. Use instantiate_object() instead.
\since Haiku R1
*/
/*!
\fn instantiation_func find_instantiation_func(const char* className)
\brief Internal function that searches for the instantiation func of a
specific class. Use instantiate_object() instead.
\since BeOS R3
*/
/*!
\fn instantiation_func find_instantiation_func(BMessage* archive)
\brief Internal function that searches for the instantiation func that
works on the specified \a archive. Use instantiate_object() instead.
\since BeOS R3
*/
//! @}