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* Copyright 2010-2016, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Authors:
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<div class="box-info">A tradução desta página ainda não está completa. Até lá, partes incompletas mostrarão o original em inglês.</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/cli-app-icon_64.png" alt="cli-app-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />Aplicações em linha de comando específicas do Haiku</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>Localização:</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span><br />
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<span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>All commandline applications shipped with Haiku are in <span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span>. Your own or additionally installed commandline apps will appear there as well, or in <span class="path">~/config/bin/</span>, when installed from a .hpkg package. Otherwise you can put them into <span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span> or <span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span>. All these locations are part of the PATH variable and are therefore automatically found.<br />
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The following isn't an exhaustive list of all Haiku-specific CLI apps, it serves just to highlight a few of the most useful to give you a taste. Feel encouraged to explore what's in the <span class="path">bin/</span> folders on your own a bit. Executing an app with the parameter <tt>--help</tt> shows the usage of the command and all its various options.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-attributes" name="cli-attributes">Relacionados aos atributos: <span class="cli">listattr</span>, <span class="cli">catattr</span>, <span class="cli">addattr</span>, <span class="cli">rmattr</span>, <span class="cli">copyattr</span></a></h3>
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<p>Estes comandos são utilizados para exibir, ler, adicionar e remover atributos de arquivos. Lembre-se que estes metadados são atualmente apenas disponíveis em volumes formatados em BFS. Mover arquivos para outros sistemas de arquivos irá eliminar todos os atributos!<br />
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Todos estes comandos são descritos no tópico <a href="../attributes.html#attributes-terminal">Atributos no Terminal</a>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-index" name="cli-index">Relacionados ao índice: <span class="cli">lsindex</span>, <span class="cli">mkindex</span>, <span class="cli">reindex</span>, <span class="cli">rmindex</span></a></h3>
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<p>Com estes comandos pode-se listar, gerar, reindexar e remover atributos para o indexador do BFS. Todo volume tem seu próprio índice, lembre-se disso quando copiar arquivos de um volume para outro.<br />
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Estes comando são descritos no tópico <a href="../index.html">Indexação</a>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-pkg" name="cli-pkg">Relating to package management: <span class="cli">package</span>, <span class="cli">pkgman</span></a></h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">package</span> command is used to manage HPKG packages. Have a look at the article <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/daily-tasks/install-applications">Installing applications</a> to learn the very basics. Usually the tool <a href="https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/wiki">haikuporter</a> is used to create so-called recipes for automatic package building.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">pkgman</span> is used to search, install, update and uninstall packages. Package repositories can be added, dropped and their package lists refreshed. A special kind of update is invoked with the parameter <tt>full-sync</tt>: It is more aggressive and also downgrades or removes packages, if necessary.<br />
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For more details on a parameter, append "--help", e.g. <tt>pkgman search --help</tt>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-scripting" name="cli-scripting">Comandos de scripting úteis</a></h3>
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<p>Aqui estão umas poucas ferramentas de linha de comando que são especificamente úteis para scripting (veja também o tópico <a href="../bash-scripting.html">Bash e Scripting</a>).</p>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">alert</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">alert</span> evoca a janela típica de alerta com um ícone predefinido, texto explicativo e até três botões. Ela irá retornar o título do botão pressionado e um status de saída (comaçando com 0). Por exemplo, isto pe feito da linha:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">alert --idea "FantasticApp(tm) installado com sucesso!
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Gostaria de um atalho para ele?" "Na Área de Trabalho" "No Deskbar" "Não, obrigado"</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-alert.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span> exibe uma caixa de diálogo de abrir ou salvar arquivo e permite ao usuário escolher um arquivo ou localidade. Como um valor de retorno obtém-se o arquivo escolhido ou o caminho da pasta. Existem muitos parâmetros disponíveis, por exemplo para definir um diretório inicial, um título de janela, um nome padrão ao salvar ou restrições para os tipos de arquivos permitidos. Este é um exemplo de </p>
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<pre class="terminal">filepanel -s -t "Salve seu arquivo de log" -d ~/config/settings -n Fantastic.log</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-filepanel.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">hey</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">hey</span> is a littler helper tool that sends BMessages to applications and prints out their answer. It can be used for application scripting, i.e. "remote controlling" a program from a script or the command line. It's usage is a bit complex... Thanks to Scot Hacker's BeOS Bible, there's a nice <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting6.html">hey tutorial</a> by Chris Herborth.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">query</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">query</span> é a versão em linha de comando da janela Procurar. Na verdade, uma maneira rápida para gerar o termo de pesquisa é construir uma consulta na janela Procurar, converter para <span class="menu">por fórmula</span>, adicionar aspas duplas (<tt>"</tt>) no início e no fim e colar a sequência inteira após o comando <span class="cli">query</span> no Terminal ou no seu script.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span> é uma maneira elegante de aguardar por um aplicativo particular ou tarefa ser iniciado ou até ter terminado.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-other" name="cli-other">Outros comandos</a></h3>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span> is an important tool to check for errors in your file system. Simply add a volume name like <span class="path">/Haiku</span> or device path and it'll run through every file and correct inconsistencies where possible.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">desklink</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">desklink</span> pode instalar um ícone para qualquer arquivo, pasta, consulta ou aplicativo na bandeja do Deskbar. Ele também oferece a opção de prover um menu de contexto quando clicar com o botão direito do mouse em um ícone para executar ações especiais. Como um exemplo, tente isto para adicionar o aplicativo de linha de comando <span class="app">screenshot</span> com várias opções (a "<tt>\</tt>" na primeira linha é apenas para a quebra de linha no Terminal):</p>
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<pre class="terminal"> desklink "cmd=Active window (2s):/bin/screenshot --window --border --delay 2" \
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"cmd=Remove replicant:desklink --remove=screenshot" /bin/screenshot
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</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-desklink.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span> permite registrar um arquivo regular como um dispositivo de disco. Por exemplo, pode-se registrar uma imagem anyboot do Haiku, montá-la no Rastreador e copiar, editar ou remover arquivos lá antes de usá-la como fonte no Instalador.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">launch_roster</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>The launch_daemon starts all sorts of services and applications at boot-up. For some it was instructed to re-start them if they were quit. If you don't want that – maybe you'd like to test a modified Tracker, for example – you use <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> to <tt>stop</tt> the re-starting of the application before quitting it. Similarly, you can <tt>start</tt> it again or get <tt>info</tt> about it. Without parameter, <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> lists all apps/services that are under its control.<br />
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For example, this will stop the re-launching of the Deskbar:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">launch_roster stop x-vnd.be-tskb</pre>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span><br /><span class="cli">mount</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span> is preferred by many to mount local partitions and disks, because its usage is so easy: just call it with the name of the partition and you're done. Try <tt>--help</tt> for more options.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">mount</span> can additionally mount remote disks by using a network filesystem, like NFS4. You specify the used filesystem with the <tt>-t</tt> parameter and the remote location with the <tt>-p</tt> parameter. As filesystem parameter you can use anything you find in <span class="path">/system/add-ons/kernel/file_system</span> (and corresponding file hierarchies under <span class="path">~/config</span> or "<span class="path">non-packaged</span>", of course). You also have to create a folder as mountpoint. Here's an example:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">mkdir -p /DiskStation
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mount -t nfs4 -p "192.168.178.3:volume1" /DiskStation</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">open</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">open</span> é uma pequena ferramenta muito prática. Com ela abre-se qualquer arquivo com seu aplicativo preferido, ou inicia um aplicativo específico pela sua assinatura sem a necessidade de conhecer seu caminho exato. Ela também trabalha com URLs e até com os diretórios "virtuais" <tt>.</tt> para o diretório atual e <tt>..</tt> para o superior, abrindo a pasta no Rastreador.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">ramdisk</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A ramdisk is like a harddisk running only in the computer's memory. That makes it very fast but also volatile, because its contents vanishes when you shut down the computer, or it crashes or you experience a blackout.<br />
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To create a ramdisk of 1 GiB, format to the name "RAMses" and mount it, you enter this in Terminal or create a script of it:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create -s 1gb
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMses
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mountvolume RAMses</pre>
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<p>Note: When creating a ramdisk, the <span class="cli">ramdisk</span> command prints out the path to it. If you create several disks, that path <span class="path">/dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw</span> will change!</p>
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<p>To preserve the contents, at least if no calamity like a blackout etc. strikes, a ramdisk can be set up to read/write an image on the harddisk. For that, you need to supply a file of the desired size that will be read from every time you start your ramdisk, and written to when you unmount it. To create an image file "RAMimage" of 500MiB and format it, do this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">dd if=/dev/zero of=RAMimage bs=500M count=1
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMimage</pre>
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<p>From now on, you start the ramdisk like this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create RAMimage
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mountvolume RAMimage</pre>
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<p>It's very important to always cleanly unmount you ramdisk, either from Tracker or with <span class="cli">unmount /RAMimage</span>, or the changes won't be written back to the image file!</p>
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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