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This is the first userguide export on the Postgres-based translation tool (previously it used MySQL), so please double-check it extra carefully. (I spotted a few minor problems in the export and fixed the relevant bugs already.)
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<div class="box-info">La traduzione di questa pagina non è stata completata. Per questo motivo le parti non tradotte sono visibili in inglese.</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/cli-app-icon_64.png" alt="cli-app-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />Applicazioni su riga di comando specifiche per Haiku</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>Localita:</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span><br />
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<span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>All commandline applications shipped with Haiku are in <span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span>. Your own or additionally installed commandline apps will appear there as well, or in <span class="path">~/config/bin/</span>, when installed from a .hpkg package. Otherwise you can put them into <span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span> or <span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span>. All these locations are part of the PATH variable and are therefore automatically found.<br />
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The following isn't an exhaustive list of all Haiku-specific CLI apps, it serves just to highlight a few of the most useful to give you a taste. Feel encouraged to explore what's in the <span class="path">bin/</span> folders on your own a bit. Executing an app with the parameter <tt>--help</tt> shows the usage of the command and all its various options.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-attributes" name="cli-attributes">Correlati agli attributi: <span class="cli">listattr</span>, <span class="cli">catattr</span>, <span class="cli">addattr</span>, <span class="cli">rmattr</span>, <span class="cli">copyattr</span></a></h3>
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<p>Questi comandi servono per visualizzare, leggere, aggiungere o rimuovere attributi dai file.
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È importante ricordare che questi metadati sono attualmente supportati soltanto dai volumi formattati in BFS, spostare questi file su un altro filesystem eliminerà tutti gli attributi.<br />
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Tutti questi comandi sono descritti nel capitolo <a href="../attributes.html#attributes-terminal">Gli attributi nel Terminale</a>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-index" name="cli-index">Correlati all'indice: <span class="cli">lsindex</span>, <span class="cli">mkindex</span>, <span class="cli">reindex</span>, <span class="cli">rmindex</span></a></h3>
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<p>Con questi comandi è possibile visualizzare, creare, reindicizzare e rimuovere attributi dall'indice del BFS.
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Ogni volume ha il proprio indice, è utile tenerlo a mente quando si copia un file da un volume all'altro.<br />
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Questi comandi sono descritti nel capitolo <a href="../index.html">L'indice del filesystem</a>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-pkg" name="cli-pkg">Relating to package management: <span class="cli">package</span>, <span class="cli">pkgman</span></a></h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">package</span> command is used to manage HPKG packages. Have a look at the article <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/daily-tasks/install-applications">Installing applications</a> to learn the very basics. Usually the tool <a href="https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/wiki">haikuporter</a> is used to automatically create packages from so-called recipes.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">pkgman</span> is used to search, install, update and uninstall packages. Package repositories can be added, dropped and their package lists refreshed. A special kind of update is invoked with the parameter <tt>full-sync</tt>: it is more aggressive and also downgrades or removes packages, if necessary.<br />
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For more details on a parameter, append "--help", e.g. <tt>pkgman search --help</tt>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-scripting" name="cli-scripting">Comandi utili per lo scripting</a></h3>
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<p>Ecco qui alcune applicazioni particolarmente utili nello scripting (leggere il capitolo <a href="../bash-scripting.html">La bash e lo "scripting"</a>).</p>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">alert</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">alert</span> si occupa di far apparire una semplice finestra di notifica con un'icona predefinita, del testo esplicativo e un massimo di tre pulsanti. Ritornerà il titolo del pulsante premuto e lo stato di uscita (che comincia con uno 0), l'esempio è stato creato con la riga:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">alert --idea "FantasticApp(tm) installed successfully!
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Would you like a link to it?" "On Desktop" "In Deskbar" "No thanks"</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-alert.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span> visualizza una finestra che permette di selezionare un percorso utilizzato per aprire o salvare file. Come valore di ritorno si otterrà il percorso del file o della cartella selezionata. Esistono diversi parametri utilizzabili, ad esempio per impostare la cartella di partenza, il titolo della finestra, il nome di default per il salvataggio oppure le restrizioni ai diversi tipi di file selezionabili. Ecco qui un esempio: </p>
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<pre class="terminal">filepanel -s -t "Save your logfile" -d ~/config/settings -n Fantastic.log</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-filepanel.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">hey</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">hey</span> is a littler helper tool that sends BMessages to applications and prints out their answer. It can be used for application scripting, i.e. "remote controlling" a program from a script or the command line. It's usage is a bit complex... <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/blog/humdinger/2017-11-05_scripting_the_gui_with_hey/">Humdinger's blog post</a> serves as a good introduction, and thanks to Scot Hacker's BeOS Bible, there is a much more comprehensive <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting6.html">hey tutorial</a> by Chris Herborth.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">query</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">query</span> è la versione su riga di comando del pannello Trova. Infatti, un modo rapido per generare i termini di ricerca è creare una query nel pannello Trova, selezionando <span class="menu">per formula</span>, e aggiungendo le doppie virgolette (<tt>"</tt>) in testa e in coda, successivamente si incolla l'intera stringa dopo il comando <span class="cli">query</span> nel Terminale o nello script che si sta realizzando.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span> è un semplice metodo per aspettare che una particolare applicazione venga avviata o terminata.</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-other" name="cli-other">Altri comandi</a></h3>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span> is an important tool to check for errors in your file system. Simply add a volume name like <span class="path">/Haiku</span> or device path and it'll run through every file and correct inconsistencies where possible.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">desklink</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">desklink</span> può aggiungere un'icona per qualsiasi file, cartella, query o applicazione da mostrare nella Deskbar. Offre anche un'opzione che permette di mostrare un menù contestuale quando, per eseguire azioni speciali, si fa clic con il tasto destro su un'icona. Per esempio, digitate nel terminale quanto segue per aggiungere alla Deskbar il programma su riga di comando <span class="app">screenshot</span> con le varie opzioni (il "<tt>\\</tt>" nella prima riga serve semplicemente per segnalare l'andata a capo al Terminale):</p>
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<pre class="terminal"> desklink "cmd=Active window (2s):/bin/screenshot --window --border --delay 2" \\
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"cmd=Remove replicant:desklink --remove=screenshot" /bin/screenshot
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</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-desklink.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span> lets you register a regular file as disk device. For example, you can register a Haiku anyboot image, mount it in Tracker and copy, edit or remove files there before using it as source in the Installer.</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">launch_roster</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>The launch_daemon starts all sorts of services and applications at boot-up. For some it was instructed to re-start them if they were quit. If you don't want that – maybe you'd like to test a modified Tracker, for example – you use <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> to <tt>stop</tt> the re-starting of the application before quitting it. Similarly, you can <tt>start</tt> it again or get <tt>info</tt> about it.c The parameter <tt>log</tt> prints out a log of all launch_daemon related events.<br />
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Without parameter, <span class="cli">launch_roster</span> lists all apps/services that are under its control.<br />
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For example, this will stop the re-launching of the Deskbar:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">launch_roster stop x-vnd.be-tskb</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span><br /><span class="cli">mount</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span> is preferred by many to mount local partitions and disks, because its usage is so easy: just call it with the name of the partition and you're done. Try <tt>--help</tt> for more options.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">mount</span> can additionally mount remote disks by using a network filesystem, like NFS4. You specify the used filesystem with the <tt>-t</tt> parameter and the remote location with the <tt>-p</tt> parameter. As filesystem parameter you can use anything you find in <span class="path">/system/add-ons/kernel/file_system</span> (and corresponding file hierarchies under <span class="path">~/config</span> or "<span class="path">non-packaged</span>", of course). You also have to create a folder as mountpoint. Here's an example:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">mkdir -p /DiskStation
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mount -t nfs4 -p "192.168.178.3:volume1" /DiskStation</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">open</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">open</span> è un'applicazione semplice ma anche molto pratica. Permette di aprire qualsiasi file con la sua applicazione preferita o avviare uno specifico programma a partire dalla sua firma senza la necessità di conoscerne l'esatto percorso. Il comando funziona anche con gli URL e con le cartelle "virtuali" (<tt>.</tt> indica la cartella corrente e <tt>..</tt> indica la cartella superiore) aprendo la cartella direttamente nel Tracker.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">ramdisk</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>A ramdisk is like a harddisk running only in the computer's memory. That makes it very fast but also volatile, because its contents vanishes when you shut down the computer, or it crashes or you experience a blackout.<br />
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To create a ramdisk of 1 GiB, format to the name "RAMses" and mount it, you enter this in Terminal or create a script of it:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create -s 1gb
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMses
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mountvolume RAMses</pre>
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<p>Note: When creating a ramdisk, the <span class="cli">ramdisk</span> command prints out the path to it. If you create several disks, that path <span class="path">/dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw</span> will change!</p>
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<p>To preserve the contents, at least if no calamity like a blackout etc. strikes, a ramdisk can be set up to read/write an image on the harddisk. For that, you need to supply a file of the desired size that will be read from every time you start your ramdisk, and written to when you unmount it. To create an image file "RAMimage" of 500MiB and format it, do this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">dd if=/dev/zero of=RAMimage bs=500M count=1
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mkfs -q -t bfs /dev/disk/virtual/ram/0/raw RAMimage</pre>
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<p>From now on, you start the ramdisk like this:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">ramdisk create RAMimage
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mountvolume RAMimage</pre>
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<p>It's very important to always cleanly unmount you ramdisk, either from Tracker or with <span class="cli">unmount /RAMimage</span>, or the changes won't be written back to the image file!</p>
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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