f62c154804
This also applies the change in #15393
180 lines
12 KiB
HTML
180 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh-CN" xml:lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2020, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* dill
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* Pengphei Han
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>引导程序</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"> 中文 [中文] <span class="dropdown-caret">▼</span></li>
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<li><a href="../id/bootloader.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ca/bootloader.html">Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../de/bootloader.html">Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../en/bootloader.html">English</a></li>
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<li><a href="../es/bootloader.html">Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fr/bootloader.html">Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fur/bootloader.html">Furlan</a></li>
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<li><a href="../it/bootloader.html">Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../hu/bootloader.html">Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pl/bootloader.html">Polski</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_PT/bootloader.html">Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_BR/bootloader.html">Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ro/bootloader.html">Română</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sk/bootloader.html">Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fi/bootloader.html">Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sv_SE/bootloader.html">Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../tr/bootloader.html">Türkçe</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ru/bootloader.html">Русский</a></li>
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<li><a href="../uk/bootloader.html">Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../jp/bootloader.html">日本語</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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<!-- « <a href="installation.html">Installing Haiku</a>
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:: -->
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<a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前,所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h1>引导程序</h1>
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<p>Haiku 的系统引导选项可以帮助您解决遇到的硬件相关问题,或者用于选择通过 Haiku 的哪种安装方式来启动,如果您有多个引导介质(可以是 CD 光驱或 USB 盘安装)。此外,如果安装了某个软件组件导致系统无法启动,请查看下述的 <a href="#troubleshooting">故障诊断</a> 。</p>
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<p>为了进入引导程序选项,您需要在 Haiku 的启动进程开始前,持续按住 <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 键。如果已经安装了启动管理软件,您可以在进入 Haiku 启动调用之前开始按下 <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 键。如果Haiku是唯一的操作系统,您可以在 BIOS 中显示启动消息时就开始按下该按键。</p>
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<div class="box-info">On computers that use UEFI for booting instead of the classic BIOS, you need to use the <span class="key">SPACEBAR</span> instead.</div>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="options" name="options">引导管理器选项</a></h2>
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<p>进入选项之后,出现了下面四个菜单:</p>
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<table summary="bootloader menus" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><b>Select boot volume</b></td><td> </td><td>选择希望启动的 Haiku 安装或者配置 (查看如下 <a href="#troubleshooting">故障诊断</a> )。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Select safe mode options</b><br />
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</td><td> </td><td>在系统引导中遇到硬件问题时,可以尝试下面的几个选项。当选择条移动到某个选项时,在屏幕底部会显示相应的简短说明。</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">Safe mode</span><br />
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Puts the system into safe mode. This can be enabled independently from the other options.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable user add-ons</span><br />
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Prevents all user installed add-ons from being loaded. Only the add-ons in the system directory will be used. See <a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a> below.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable IDE DMA</span><br />
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Disables IDE DMA, increasing IDE compatibility at the expense of performance.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Ignore memory beyond 4 GiB</span><br />
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Ignores all memory beyond the 4 GiB address limit, overriding the setting in the kernel settings file.
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</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Use fail-safe graphics driver</span><br />
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The system will use VESA mode and won't try to use any video graphics drivers.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable IO-APIC</span><br />
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Disables using the IO APIC for interrupt routing, forcing the use of the legacy PIC instead.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable local APIC</span><br />
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Disables using the local APIC, also disables SMP.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable X2APIC</span><br />
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Disables second generation APIC.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable SMEP and SMAP</span><br />
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Disables SMEP/SMAP security features of the CPU.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable SMP</span><br />
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Disables all but one CPU core.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Don't call the BIOS</span><br />
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Stops the system from calling BIOS functions.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable APM</span><br />
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Disables Advanced Power Management hardware support, overriding the APM setting in the kernel settings file.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable ACPI</span><br />
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Disables Advanced Configuration and Power Interface hardware support, overriding the ACPI setting in the kernel settings file.</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span><br />
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Allows to select system files that shall be ignored. Useful e.g. to disable drivers temporarily. See <a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a> below.</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Select debug options</b><br />
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</td><td> </td><td>在这里,你会发现几个选项,它们用于调试或者获取<a href="../../welcome/en/bugreports.html">错误报告</a>的详细情况。同时,对于每个选项,在屏幕底部也都会出现相关的说明。</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable serial debug output</span><br />
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打开并输出 syslog 信息到串口(默认:115200, 8N1)。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable on screen debug output</span><br />
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在系统启动时,在屏幕显示调试信息,而不是常规的启动画面。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Disable on screen paging</span><br />
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在屏幕调试输出启用时,禁用翻页效果。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Enable debug syslog</span><br />
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为该回话启用特殊的内存日志缓存,在系统重启时供引导管理器访问。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display current boot loader log</span><br />
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显示引导管理器登陆调试信息(按下 <span class="key">Q</span> 退出登陆)</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Add advanced debug option</span><br />
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允许直接输入高级调试选项。</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td>如果激活了 "Enable debug syslog" ,那么在崩溃后,热启动后将提示如下附加选项:</td></tr>
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<tr><td></td><td></td><td> <p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session during boot</span><br />
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在启动时保存前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志到 /var/log/previous_syslog 。</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Display syslog from previous session</span><br />
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显示前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志</p>
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<p><span class="menu">Save syslog from previous session</span><br />
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保存前一次 Haiku 会话的 syslog 系统日志到磁盘,目前仅支持 FAT32 分区。</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><b>Select fail safe video mode</b></td><td> </td><td>强制使用指定的屏幕的分辨率和颜色深度。</td></tr>
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</table>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="troubleshooting" name="troubleshooting">故障诊断</a></h2>
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<p>如果 Haiku 从一开始就无法从您的硬件上进行启动,那么您需要尝试以下 <span class="menu">选择安全模式选项</span> 中的不同设置项。或者考虑提交一个 <a href="../welcome/en/bugreports.html">问题报告</a> 。</p>
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<p>换句话说,如果在您安装完某些软件之后,Haiku 突然无法启动,特别是一些硬件驱动,您可以通过一些设置让 Haiku 能够重新启动,然后通过卸载这些软件包来进行修复: </p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>激活 <span class="menu">Safe mode</span> 将会阻止多数的服务,后台以及 UserBootScript 启动。 </p></li>
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<li><p>激活 <span class="menu">Disable user add-ons</span> 将会阻止所有在 Home 目录下用户目录中安装的附加组件(驱动,转换器,等)的使用。</p></li>
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<li><p>如果激活 <span class="menu">Use fail-safe graphics driver</span> 通过回退到 VESA 显卡模式解决了您的问题,您可以通过在 <span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/kernel/drivers/kernel</span> 文本文件中移除 <i>#fail_safe_video_mode true</i> 之前的 <tt>#</tt> 注释符永久的解决该问题。 </p></li>
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<li><p>如果一些恶意的驱动,附件组件等安装到了系统路径中,问题可能会有些复杂,因为这些位置都是只读的。下面的 <span class="menu">Blacklist entries</span> 将会起到作用。通过该菜单,您将能够导航并进入到任意的系统目录,然后通过 <span class="key">SPACE</span> 或者 <span class="key">RETURN</span> 选中并禁用那些造成问题的组件。<span class="key">ESC</span> 键用于返回到上级目录。</p>
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<p>如何进行更多的设置,可以参考在线文档 <a href="http://www.haiku-os.org/blog/barrett/2013-12-15_how_permanently_blacklist_package_file">如何将包文件永久列入黑名单</a>。</p></li>
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<li><p> 在 <span class="menu">Select boot volume</span> 菜单中,您可以指定希望启动的 Haiku 版本。每次在安装或者卸载系统组件时,原有状态都将保存。您可以在引导管理器选项列表中选择对应的启动状态。<br />
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因此,如果在安装完某些包之后,出现了启动引导问题,您可以选择引导在问题出现以前的 Haiku 状态,并且卸载该软件包。</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="booting" name="booting">引导 Haiku</a></h2>
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<p>在激活几个选项之后,返回主菜单,继续系统引导。开机界面如下:</p>
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<img src="../images/bootloader-images/boot-screen.png" alt="boot-screen.png" />
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<p>如果一切运行正常,那么所有的图标都将依此点亮。<br />
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这些不同的符号大致对应了下面的启动步骤:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><b>Atom</b></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td><td>系统组件初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Disk + magnifier</b></td><td> </td><td>创建文件系统 (<span class="path">/</span>) 和挂载硬件驱动 (<span class="path">/dev</span>).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Plug-in card</b></td><td> </td><td>硬件管理初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Boot disk</b></td><td> </td><td>挂载启动磁盘。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Chip</b></td><td> </td><td>CPU特定模块加载</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Folder</b></td><td> </td><td>子系统初始化。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><b>Rocket</b></td><td> </td><td>Launch_daemon 启动系统</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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<!-- « <a href="installation.html">Installing Haiku</a>
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:: -->
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<a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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