145 lines
11 KiB
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145 lines
11 KiB
HTML
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* Copyright 2008-2010, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>Guida dell'utente</span></div>
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<li class="now"><img src="../../images/flags/it.png" alt="" /> Italiano</li>
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« <a href="stylededit.html">StyledEdit</a>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">La traduzione di questa pagina non è stata completata. Per questo motivo le parti non tradotte sono visibili in inglese.</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/terminal-icon_64.png" alt="terminal-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />Terminal</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>Deskbar:</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="menu">Applicazioni</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Localita:</td><td></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/apps/Terminal</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Impostazioni:</td><td></td><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/Terminal</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.profile</span> - adds/overrides defaults in <span class="path">/boot/common/etc/profile</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.inputrc</span> - adds/overrides defaults in <span class="path">/boot/common/etc/inputrc</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>The Terminal is Haiku's interface to bash, the Bourne Again Shell.</p>
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<p>Please refer to the topic on <a href="../bash-scripting.html">Scripting</a> for a few links to online tutorials on working in the shell and also have a look at <a href="cli-apps.html">Haiku's commandline applications</a>. Here, we'll concentrate on the Terminal application itself.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="windows-tabs" name="windows-tabs">Windows and tabs</a></h2>
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<p>You can open as many Terminals as needed, either each in it's own window by simply launching more Terminals or with <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">N</span> from an already running Terminal. Or you use Terminal's tabbed view and open more tabs with <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">T</span>.</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal.png" alt="terminal.png" />
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<br />
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<p>Double-clicking into the emtpy part of the tab bar opens a new tab; onto a tab opens a dialog to rename its title. There are several %-designated variables that are explained with a tooltip when you hover the mouse over the text field.<br />
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By default, <tt>%1d: %p</tt>, a tab shows the current directory and, separated by a <tt>:</tt>, the name of the currently running process (or <tt>--</tt> if it's just bash running, probably idling). The screenshot above shows the first tab with a FTP session in the <span class="path">Desktop</span> folder and a second tab idling at <span class="path">home</span>.<br />
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Via <span class="menu">Edit | Window title...</span> the Terminal window's title can be edited in a similar way.</p>
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<p>Right-clicking a tab shows a context menu to <span class="menu">Close tab</span>, <span class="menu">Close other tabs</span> or, like double-clicking, <span class="menu">Edit tab title...</span>.</p>
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<p>A Terminal window can be resized like any other window or you use the presets from the <span class="menu">Settings | Window size</span> menu. <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">ENTER</span> toggles fullscreen mode.</p>
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<p>Changed window size and text encoding are only kept choosing <span class="menu">Settings | Save as default</span>.</p>
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<h2><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="settings" name="settings">Settings</a></h2>
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<p><span class="menu">Settings | Settings...</span> opens a panel to configure the standard settings of a Terminal.</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal-settings.png" alt="terminal-settings.png" />
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<br />
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<p>It starts off with the "formulas" for naming tab and window titles. Again, tooltips show the available variables. Below that you set font type, font size and the different text and background colors. You can choose a pre-defined color schema like <span class="menu">Black on white</span> or <span class="menu">White on black</span> or create a <span class="menu">Custom</span> one using the color picker below.<br />
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Activate the checkbox to <span class="menu">Confirm exit if active programs exist</span> and you'll be warned when trying to close a Terminal window while an app is still being executed.<br />
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You can save different settings as separate profiles, which on double-click open an accordingly configured Terminal.<br />
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Pressing <span class="button">OK</span> will save the current settings as default.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="shortcuts" name="shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></h2>
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<p>You'll find a list of useful shortcuts in <a href="../keyboard-shortcuts.html#terminal">Shortcuts and key combinations</a>.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="customization" name="customization">Bash customization</a></h2>
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<p>Coming from Unix, there are countless possibilities to customize the bash itself. There are two files that are especially important to the user: <span class="cli">.profile</span> and <span class="cli">.inputrc</span><br />
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Both files can be created in the <span class="path">home/</span> folder and add or override the system defaults that are defined in <span class="path">/boot/common/etc/</span>.</p>
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<h3>.profile</h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">.profile</span> is loaded every time you open a new Terminal. It sets all kinds of aliases and variables that will affect bash's behavior and appearance. You'll find many online resources that will detail all possibilities.</p>
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<p>The Haiku/BeOS Tip Server has quite a few tips to get you started, for example:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/customize-your-terminal-prompt/">Customize your Terminal prompt</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/more-prompt-customizations/">More prompt customizations</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/enhancing-bash/">Enhancing bash</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/custom-keyboard-shortcuts/">Custom keyboard shortcuts</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>There are more, <a href="http://betips.net/index.php?s=.profile">have a look</a>.</p>
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<h3>.inputrc</h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">.inputrc</span> deals with keybindings. Since Haiku provides useful defaults, you probably don't have to mess with these more involved settings. If you do have special needs here, consult one of the many online resources, e.g. <a href="http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html">The GNU Readline Library</a>.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="hints" name="hints">Hints for working with the Terminal</a></h2>
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<ul><li><p>Dragging a file or folder from a Tracker window into the Terminal will insert its path at the location of the cursor. Dragging with the right mouse button offers additional actions in a context menu:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Insert path</span></td><td> </td><td>Inserts the location of the file, same as drag&dropping with the left mouse button.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Change directory</span></td><td> </td><td>Changes to the folder of the dragged file.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Create link here</span></td><td> </td><td>Creates a link to the dragged file in the current working directory of the Terminal.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Move here</span></td><td> </td><td>Moves the dragged file into the current working directory of the Terminal.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Copy here</span></td><td> </td><td>Copies the dragged file into the current working directory of the Terminal.</td></tr>
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</table></li>
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<li><p>You can open any file with its preferred application with the command <span class="cli">open <i>[filename]</i></span>. This also works with the representation of the current ("<span class="cli">.</span>") and parent ("<span class="cli">..</span>") folder which then open in a Tracker window. So, to open the current working directory, you type:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">open .</pre>
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</li></ul>
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