158 lines
12 KiB
HTML
158 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2013, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>终端</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"><img src="../../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" /> 中文 ［中文］</li>
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<li><a href="../../fr/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../de/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../it/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/it.png" alt="" />Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../ru/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ru.png" alt="" />Русский</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../es/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/es.png" alt="" />Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../sv_SE/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sv_SE.png" alt="" />Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../jp/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/jp.png" alt="" />日本語</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../uk/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/uk.png" alt="" />Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../pt_PT/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../fi/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../sk/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../hu/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/hu.png" alt="" />Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../pt_BR/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/pt_BR.png" alt="" />Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../ca/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../en/applications/terminal.html"><img src="../../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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« <a href="stylededit.html">文本编辑器</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#list-of-apps" class="uplink">应用程序
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</a>
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:: <a href="textsearch.html">文本搜索</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/terminal-icon_64.png" alt="terminal-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />终端</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>桌面栏：</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="menu">应用程序</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>位置：</td><td></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/apps/Terminal</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td>设置：</td><td></td><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/Terminal</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.profile</span> - adds/overrides defaults in <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/profile</span><br />
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<span class="path">~/.inputrc</span> - adds/overrides defaults in <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/inputrc</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>终端是Haiku中具有用户界面的bash，即 Bourne Again Shell。</p>
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<p>请参考 <a href="../bash-scripting.html">脚本</a> 这一主题获取有关Shell的在线教程，同时也可以阅读<a href="cli-apps.html">Haiku的命令行程序</a>。在本文中，我们重点关注终端本身的使用。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="windows-tabs" name="windows-tabs">窗口与标签</a></h2>
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<p>您可以根据需要打开任意数量的终端，可以简单的启动，或者从正在运行的终端中使用 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">N</span> 组合键来打开多个终端窗口。您也可以使用终端的标签视图方式，使用 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">T</span> 组合键打开新的终端标签。</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal.png" alt="terminal.png" />
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<br />
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<p>双击标签栏的空白区域将打开一个新标签；双击标签将会打开一个对话框重命名标签标题。当您在文本域中悬停鼠标时，会有几个 %-指定变量 ，并且伴随着一个提示框，解释其含义。<br />
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默认情况下，<tt>%1d: %p</tt>，标签显示了当前目录和当前运行进程的名称，并且它们被 <tt>:</tt>所分隔（或者 <tt>--</tt>，如果它仅仅是一个运行的 bash ，或者空闲进程）。上面的屏幕截图中的第一个标签显示了 <span class="path">Desktop</span> 文件夹中的 FTP 会话，而第二个标签闲置于 <span class="path">home</span> 文件夹。<br />
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使用 <span class="menu">Edit|Window title...</span> 也可以以类似的方式编辑终端窗口的标题。</p>
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<p>右键点击标签将会出现一个右键菜单：<span class="menu">Close tab</span>，<span class="menu">Close other tabs</span> 或者，如双击，则显示 <span class="menu">Edit tab title...</span> 。</p>
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<p>终端的窗口和其他窗口一样可以调整尺寸，或者使用 <span class="menu">Settings | Window Size</span> 菜单中的预置尺寸。 <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">ENTER</span> 组合键将会切换到全屏模式。</p>
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<p>调整的窗口尺寸和文字编码只有通过 <span class="menu">Settings | Save as default</span> 才可以进行保持不变。</p>
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<h2><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="settings" name="settings">设置</a></h2>
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<p><span class="menu">Settings | Settings...</span> 打开一个面板，用于配置终端的标准设置。</p>
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<img src="../images/apps-images/terminal-settings.png" alt="terminal-settings.png" />
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<br />
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<p>它以 "公式" 开始为标签和窗口标题进行命名。同时，提示框会显示可用的变量。在其下，您可以设置字体类型，字体大小和不同文本及其背景颜色。您可以选择一种预置的颜色方案，如 <span class="menu">Black on white</span> ， <span class="menu">White on black</span> 或者使用下面的颜色选择器 <span class="menu">自定义</span> 一种方案。<br />
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激活 <span class="menu">Confirm exit if active programs exist</span> 复选框，那么在程序运行过程中，尝试关闭终端窗口时，您将会获取一个警告。<br />
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您可以保存不同设置为独立的配置文件，当双击文件时将会打开相应配置的终端。<br />
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按下 <span class="button">OK</span> 将会保存当前设置为默认配置。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="shortcuts" name="shortcuts">快捷键</a></h2>
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<p>您可以在 <a href="../keyboard-shortcuts.html#terminal">快捷键和组合键</a> 主题中找到非常有用的快捷键的列表。</p>
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<p>Another nice feature that is more a key & mouse combination: When holding <span class="key">ALT</span> a path or URL under the mouse pointer gets highlighted. A left-click opens the file/folder or website. A right-click opens a context menu to either <span class="menu">Copy path</span> or <span class="menu">Copy absolute path</span>. Imagine you're in <span class="path">/MyData/source/haiku/</span> and have the path <span class="path">generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit</span> under the mouse pointer, the latter menu item will result in the combined, absolute path <<i>deep breath</i>>:<br /> <span class="path">/MyData/source/haiku/generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit</span>.</p>
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<p>If you hold down <span class="key">ALT</span> <span class="key">SHIFT</span>, only the path from beginning to where your mouse pointer sits will be highlighted.</p>
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<p>By the way, right-clicking into the Terminal window will insert the clipboard. In combination with copying parts of highlighted paths, this can be used for speedy navigation of deep folder hierarchies.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="customization" name="customization">Bash的定制</a></h2>
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<p>Coming from Unix, there are countless possibilities to customize the bash itself. There are two files that are especially important to the user: <span class="cli">.profile</span> and <span class="cli">.inputrc</span><br />
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Both files can be created in the <span class="path">home/</span> folder and add or override the system defaults that are defined in <span class="path">/boot/system/settings/etc/</span>.</p>
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<h3>.profile</h3>
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<p>在您每次打开新的终端时， <span class="cli">.profile</span> 都会被载入程序。在该文件中，设置了所有影响到bash行为和外观的各种类型的设备接口和变量。你可以在网络上找到许多资源，它们将会给出所有可能性的详细介绍。</p>
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<p>Haiku/BeOS Tip Server提供了许多入门的技巧，例如：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/customize-your-terminal-prompt/">定制终端的提示信息</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/more-prompt-customizations/">更多提示信息的定制</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/enhancing-bash/">bash的优化和增强</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://betips.net/1997/09/09/custom-keyboard-shortcuts/">定制快捷键</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>还有很多类似的信息，<a href="http://betips.net/index.php?s=.profile">请参阅</a>。</p>
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<h3>.inputrc</h3>
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<p> <span class="cli">.inputrc</span> 用于处理键盘关联的配置。由于Haiku默认提供了非常有用的配置，您不需要修改相关的设置。如果您确实有特殊的需要，可以参考许多在线的资源，例如<a href="http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html"> GNU 的命令行读取库</a> 。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="hints" name="hints">关于终端的提醒</a></h2>
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<ul><li><p>从Tracker窗口中拖拽文件或者文件夹到终端将会在光标的位置插入它的路径。而使用右键拖拽将会弹出一个右键菜单，显示附加的操作：</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Insert Path</span></td><td> </td><td>插入一个文件的路径，与左键拖拽文件到终端类似。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Change Directory</span></td><td> </td><td>切换到所拖拽文件所在的文件夹。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Create Link Here</span></td><td> </td><td>在终端当前工作的目录为拖拽的文件创建链接。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Move Here</span></td><td> </td><td>移动拖拽的文件到终端当前工作的目录。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="menu">Copy Here</span></td><td> </td><td>复制拖拽的文件到终端当期工作的目录。</td></tr>
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</table></li>
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<li><p>您可以使用<span class="cli">open <i>[filename]</i></span> 命令以首选程序打开任何的文件。该命令也作用于当前文件夹（"<span class="cli">.</span>"）和父文件夹（"<span class="cli">..</span>"），它们分别以Tracker窗口打开。所以，如果希望打开当前工作的目录，您可以输入：</p>
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<pre class="terminal">open .</pre>
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</li></ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="stylededit.html">文本编辑器</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#list-of-apps" class="uplink">应用程序
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</a>
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:: <a href="textsearch.html">文本搜索</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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