161 lines
12 KiB
HTML
161 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
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<head>
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2008-2013, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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* dill
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*
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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<meta name="robots" content="all" />
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<title>文件系统布局</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Haiku-doc.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="banner">
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner">
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<ul class="lang-menu">
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<li class="now"><img src="../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" /> 中文 ［中文］</li>
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<li><a href="../fr/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/fr.png" alt="" />Français</a></li>
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<li><a href="../de/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/de.png" alt="" />Deutsch</a></li>
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<li><a href="../it/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/it.png" alt="" />Italiano</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ru/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/ru.png" alt="" />Русский</a></li>
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<li><a href="../es/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/es.png" alt="" />Español</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sv_SE/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/sv_SE.png" alt="" />Svenska</a></li>
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<li><a href="../jp/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/jp.png" alt="" />日本語</a></li>
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<li><a href="../uk/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/uk.png" alt="" />Українська</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_PT/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/pt_PT.png" alt="" />Português</a></li>
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<li><a href="../fi/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/fi.png" alt="" />Suomi</a></li>
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<li><a href="../sk/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/sk.png" alt="" />Slovenčina</a></li>
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<li><a href="../hu/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/hu.png" alt="" />Magyar</a></li>
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<li><a href="../pt_BR/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/pt_BR.png" alt="" />Português (Brazil)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../ca/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/ca.png" alt="" />Català</a></li>
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<li><a href="../en/filesystem-layout.html"><img src="../images/flags/gb.png" alt="" />English</a></li>
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</ul>
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<span>
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« <a href="bootloader.html">引导程序</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="gui.html">Haiku的图形用户界面</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h1>文件系统布局</h1>
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<p>Haiku 的文件系统布局是非常清晰，尽量使用简单的名字为文件和文件夹命名，让用户不会产生疑问。对于维持系统的正常运行非常重要的文件和文件夹是受到保护的，当它们发生意外的更改时，系统将会弹出以下警告：</p>
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<img src="images/filesystem-layout-images/achtung-user.png" alt="achtung-user.png" />
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<img src="images/filesystem-layout-images/achtung-system.png" alt="achtung-system.png" />
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<p>如果您重命名或者删除了系统级别的内容，那么系统将会弹出第二类警告。在此菜单上，“<span class="button">Rename</span>” 按钮只有在您按下 <span class="key">SHIFT</span> 键时才能够点击。</p>
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<p>Generally, there are two separate branches springing from the root folder of the boot volume:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains system files and applications/packages shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/home/</span></td><td> </td><td>This is your personal folder where you keep your data and settings and the applications/packages that are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>As long as Haiku isn't multi-user, this distinction between shared and not-shared applications/packages has no apparent effect, as there's only one user with one home folder. But since there will be support for more users than one eventually, it makes sense to learn the right way from the start.</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="system" name="system">系统文件夹 - <span class="path">/boot/system/</span></a></h2>
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<p>Under Haiku's predecessor BeOS, this folder was named <span class="path">/boot/beos/</span>. You may still find it in some older documentation (e.g. in the original BeBook).<br />
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Most of the folders inside <span class="path">/boot/system/</span> are read-only, which is sensible as they contain the files necessary for Haiku to function correctly and therefore have to be safe from (accidental) alteration. The only user-writable folders are:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/cache/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains cached files and the temporary folder linked to <span class="path">/tmp/</span>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives).</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/packages/</span></td><td> </td><td>Besides holding Haiku's system packages, you can add/remove packages shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/settings/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains system-wide settings.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">/boot/system/var/</span></td><td> </td><td>Contains logs like the syslog (important when troubleshooting) and is the default location for the swap file.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><span class="box-info">For more information on the <span class="path">packages</span> and <span class="path">non-packaged</span> folders, see topic <a href="">Installing applications</a>.</span></p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="home" name="home">home文件夹 - <span class="path">/boot/home/</span></a></h2>
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<p>This folder belongs to you. Here you can create and delete files and folders as you wish. (By the way, the tilde ("<tt>~</tt>") is a shortcut for your home folder, so you don't always have to write "<span class="path">/boot/home/</span>" in Terminal.)<br />
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Files that you'd like to share with other users in a future multi-user environment have do be put outside <span class="path">/boot/home/</span>. For example, you could create a folder <span class="path">/boot/all-users/</span> and put the stuff there.</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/Desktop/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>Holds the files of your desktop. Double-clicking won't open it, as it is already always visible. When your files happen to be obscured by open windows, just switch quickly to another <a href="workspaces.html">Workspace</a>. Of course, <a href="tracker.html#drill-down">drilling</a> down by right-clicking is also possible.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/mail/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>This is the default location for your mails.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/people/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>This is the default location for you contact files, see <a href="applications/people.html">People</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/queries/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><a href="queries.html">Queries</a> are stored here, by default temporarily for 7 days.</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p>The folder <span class="path">/boot/home/config/</span> is special: just like <span class="path">/boot/system/</span> it's mostly under the control of the package management and therefore read-only. It too contains these similar user-writable folders:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/config/packages/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>Here you can add/remove packages that are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives) and are <i>not</i> shared by all users.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">~/config/settings/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>该文件夹存放了所有程序的设置文件和一些系统配置文件。有些程序会将其设置文件存放在它们自己的子文件夹中，但是其他的则直接存放在这里。</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><span class="box-info">For more information on the <span class="path">packages</span> and <span class="path">non-packaged</span> folders, see topic <a href="">Installing applications</a>.</span></p>
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<p>Here are some of the more interesting subfolders in <span class="path">~/config/settings</span>:</p>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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<tr><td><span class="path">boot/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td>该文件夹存放了在系统启动或者关闭时所运行的<a href="bash-scripting.html#user-scripts">用户脚本</a>。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">boot/launch/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>该文件夹中的程序快捷方式，或者文档在每次启动时都自动开始运行。</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">beos_mime/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>在这个<acronym title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions">MIME</acronym> 数据库中， Haiku跟踪保持了所有的 <a href="filetypes.html">文件类型</a> 和它们的设置情况。</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">deskbar/menu/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>Copied or linked to files/folders/queries in this folder appear in the <a href="deskbar.html#deskbar-menu">Deskbar menu</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="onelinetop"><span class="path">kernel/drivers/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>有一个设置文件可能比较有趣： <span class="cli">kernel</span> 提供了一些底层的配置，例如，禁用 <acronym title="Symmetric Multi Processing">SMP</acronym>，激活串行调试或者 允许高级电源管理。您只要将该配置行前的 “<tt>#</tt>” 注解符号删除即可。在操作时，要时刻小心！</td></tr>
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<tr><td><span class="path">Tracker/</span></td><td> </td>
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<td>除了用于 Tracker 的各种设置文件外，还有一些有趣的子文件夹：</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">DefaultFolderTemplate/</span></td><td style="width:10px;"></td><td>显示和编排所有的属性与您喜欢的窗口大小。每个新建的文件夹都将以它为模板。</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">DefaultQueryTemplates/</span></td><td></td><td>您可以为确定的文件类型定义查询结果的窗口布局。可以参阅 <a href="queries.html#result-window">查询：结果窗口</a> 主题。</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">Go/</span></td><td></td><td>把您最喜欢的路径的链接放置在这里，可以打开或者保存面板中对他们进行访问。可以参阅 <a href="gui.html#favorites-recent">Haiku's GUI: Favorites and recent folders</a> 主题。</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><span class="path">Tracker New Template/</span></td><td></td><td>为任意的文件类型添加模板，它们就可以在Tracker的 <span class="menu">File | New...</span> 菜单中进行访问。 可以参阅<a href="tracker.html#working-with-files">Tracker：文件处理</a>主题。</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nav">
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="bootloader.html">引导程序</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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:: <a href="gui.html">Haiku的图形用户界面</a> »
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</span></div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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