NetServices: Add BHttpMethod that represents a HTTP method

This class provides defaults and performs basic validation for HTTP Methods as
defined by the standard. They will be used in conjunction with a future
BHttpRequest class.

Change-Id: If69a7ec186d9d1165e8efe5ab5df50d5a089208d

docs/user/netservices/HttpRequest.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 Haiku, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *		Niels Sascha Reedijk, niels.reedijk@gmail.com
+ *
+ * Corresponds to:
+ *		headers/private/netservices2/HttpRequest.h			hrev?????
+ *		src/kits/network/libnetservices2/HttpRequest.cpp	hrev?????
+ */
+
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+
+
+/*!
+	\file HttpRequest.h
+	\ingroup netservices
+	\brief Provides the classes and tools to build HTTP Requests.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+namespace BPrivate {
+
+namespace Network {
+
+
+/*!
+	\class BHttpMethod
+	\ingroup netservices
+	\brief Represent a HTTP method.
+
+	The <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-4.1">HTTP standard</a>
+	specifies that HTTP requests have a method. Common methods are \c GET and \c HEAD methods.
+	Standardized and common methods are in the form of \em verbs and are in capitalized letters
+	from the ASCII token set, though any valid token can be used.
+
+	It is most likely that you will not use the methods of this class directly, instead you will
+	use the implicit constructors while interacting with the \ref BHttpRequest class.
+
+	\code
+	auto url = BUrl2("https://www.haiku-os.org/");
+	// implicitly construct a standard get request
+	auto standard = BHttpRequest(url, BHttpMethod::Get);
+	// implicitly construct a nonstandard patch request
+	auto custom = BHttpRequest(url, "PATCH"sv);
+	\endcode
+
+	\note When you are using the standard list of verbs, there will never be an exception when
+		creating objects of this type. When you create a custom method, exceptions may be raised
+		when the system runs out of memory, or when your custom method contains invalid characters.
+		In almost all cases, you can probably safely assume you will not run into these exceptions,
+		except for cases where you use user input to create methods or you are very defensive
+		about memory management.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\class BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod
+	\ingroup netservices
+	\brief Error that represents when a custom method does not conform to the HTTP standard.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BString BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod::input
+	\brief The input that contains the invalid contents.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod::InvalidMethod(const char *origin, BString input)
+	\brief Constructor that sets the \a origin and the invalid \a input.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\enum BHttpMethod::Verb
+	\ingroup netservices
+	\brief A list of standard HTTP methods.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Get
+	\brief Represents the \c GET method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Head
+	\brief Represents the \c HEAD method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Post
+	\brief Represents the \c POST method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Put
+	\brief Represents the \c PUT method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Delete
+	\brief Represents the \c DELETE method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Connect
+	\brief Represents the \c CONNECT method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Options
+	\brief Represents the \c OPTIONS method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\var BHttpMethod::Verb BHttpMethod::Trace
+	\brief Represents the \c TRACE method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod &&other) noexcept
+	\brief Move constructor.
+
+	Moves the data from the \a other to this object. The \a other object will be set to
+	\ref BHttpMethod::Get.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(const BHttpMethod &other)
+	\brief Copy constructor.
+
+	Copy data from an \a other object.
+
+	\exception std::bad_alloc When the \a other object contains a custom verb, this exception
+		will be raised if it is impossible to allocate memory.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(const std::string_view &method)
+	\brief Construct a custom method.
+
+	\param method The verb for the method.
+
+	\exception std::bad_alloc In case it is not possible to allocate memory for the custom string.
+	\exception BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod In case the \a method is empty or contains invalid
+		characters.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(Verb verb) noexcept
+	\brief Construct a standard method.
+
+	\param verb The chosen method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod::~BHttpMethod()
+	\brief Destructor.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn const std::string_view BHttpMethod::Method() const noexcept
+	\brief Get a string representation of the method.
+
+	\return A \c std::string_view that is a string representation of the standard or custom method
+		in this object. The lifetime of the string view is bound to the lifetime of this method.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod& BHttpMethod::operator=(BHttpMethod &&other) noexcept
+	\brief Move assignment.
+	Moves the data from the \a other to this object. The \a other object will be set to
+	\ref BHttpMethod::Get.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+	\fn BHttpMethod& BPrivate::Network::BHttpMethod::operator=(const BHttpMethod &other)
+	\brief Copy assignment.
+
+	Copy data from an \a other object.
+
+	\exception std::bad_alloc When the \a other object contains a custom verb, this exception
+		will be raised if it is impossible to allocate memory.
+
+	\since Haiku R1
+*/
+
+
+} // namespace Network
+
+} // namespace BPrivate
+
+#endif

headers/private/netservices2/HttpRequest.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 Haiku Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _B_HTTP_REQUEST_H_
+#define _B_HTTP_REQUEST_H_
+
+#include <string_view>
+#include <variant>
+
+#include <ErrorsExt.h>
+#include <String.h>
+
+
+namespace BPrivate {
+
+namespace Network {
+
+
+class BHttpMethod {
+public:
+	// Constants for default methods in RFC 7230 section 4.2
+	enum Verb {
+		Get,
+		Head,
+		Post,
+		Put,
+		Delete,
+		Connect,
+		Options,
+		Trace
+	};
+
+	// Error type when constructing with a custom method
+	class InvalidMethod : public BError {
+	public:
+								InvalidMethod(const char* origin, BString input);
+
+		virtual	const char*		Message() const noexcept override;
+		virtual	BString			DebugMessage() const override;
+
+		BString					input;
+	};
+
+	// Constructors & Destructor
+								BHttpMethod(Verb verb) noexcept;
+								BHttpMethod(const std::string_view& method);
+								BHttpMethod(const BHttpMethod& other);
+								BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod&& other) noexcept;
+								~BHttpMethod();
+
+	// Assignment operators
+			BHttpMethod&		operator=(const BHttpMethod& other);
+			BHttpMethod&		operator=(BHttpMethod&& other) noexcept;
+
+	// Get the method as a string
+	const	std::string_view	Method() const noexcept;
+
+private:
+	std::variant<Verb, BString>	fMethod;
+};
+
+
+} // namespace Network
+
+} // namespace BPrivate
+
+#endif // B_HTTP_REQUEST

src/kits/network/libnetservices2/HttpRequest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 Haiku Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *		Niels Sascha Reedijk, niels.reedijk@gmail.com
+ */
+
+#include <HttpRequest.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "HttpPrivate.h"
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+using namespace BPrivate::Network;
+
+
+// #pragma mark -- BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod
+
+
+BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod::InvalidMethod(const char* origin, BString input)
+	:
+	BError(origin),
+	input(std::move(input))
+{
+
+}
+
+
+const char*
+BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod::Message() const noexcept
+{
+	if (input.IsEmpty())
+		return "The HTTP method cannot be empty";
+	else
+		return "Unsupported characters in the HTTP method";
+}
+
+
+BString
+BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod::DebugMessage() const
+{
+	BString output = BError::DebugMessage();
+	if (!input.IsEmpty())
+		output << ":\t " << input << "\n";
+	return output;
+}
+
+
+// #pragma mark -- BHttpMethod
+
+
+BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(Verb verb) noexcept
+	: fMethod(verb)
+{
+
+}
+
+
+BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(const std::string_view& verb)
+	: fMethod(BString(verb.data(), verb.length()))
+{
+	if (verb.size() == 0 || !validate_http_token_string(verb))
+		throw BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, std::move(std::get<BString>(fMethod)));
+}
+
+
+BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(const BHttpMethod& other) = default;
+
+
+BHttpMethod::BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod&& other) noexcept
+	: fMethod(std::move(other.fMethod))
+{
+	other.fMethod = Get;
+}
+
+
+BHttpMethod::~BHttpMethod() = default;
+
+
+BHttpMethod&
+BHttpMethod::operator=(const BHttpMethod& other) = default;
+
+
+BHttpMethod&
+BHttpMethod::operator=(BHttpMethod&& other) noexcept
+{
+	fMethod = std::move(other.fMethod);
+	other.fMethod = Get;
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+const std::string_view
+BHttpMethod::Method() const noexcept
+{
+	if (std::holds_alternative<Verb>(fMethod)) {
+		switch (std::get<Verb>(fMethod)) {
+		case Get:
+			return "GET"sv;
+		case Head:
+			return "HEAD"sv;
+		case Post:
+			return "POST"sv;
+		case Put:
+			return "PUT"sv;
+		case Delete:
+			return "DELETE"sv;
+		case Connect:
+			return "CONNECT"sv;
+		case Options:
+			return "OPTIONS"sv;
+		case Trace:
+			return "TRACE"sv;
+		default:
+			// should never be reached
+			std::abort();
+		}
+	} else {
+		const auto& methodString = std::get<BString>(fMethod);
+		// the following constructor is not noexcept, but we know we pass in valid data
+		return std::string_view(methodString.String());
+	}
+}

src/kits/network/libnetservices2/Jamfile

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ for architectureObject in [ MultiArchSubDirSetup ] {
 		StaticLibrary [ MultiArchDefaultGristFiles libnetservices2.a ] :
 			ErrorsExt.cpp
 			HttpFields.cpp
+			HttpRequest.cpp
 			HttpSession.cpp
 			NetServicesMisc.cpp
 			;

src/tests/kits/net/netservices2/HttpProtocolTest.cpp

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@
 #include <cppunit/TestSuite.h>
 
 #include <HttpFields.h>
+#include <HttpRequest.h>
 
 using BPrivate::Network::BHttpFields;
+using BPrivate::Network::BHttpMethod;
 using BPrivate::Network::BHttpSession;
 
 
@@ -168,6 +170,55 @@ HttpProtocolTest::HttpFieldsTest()
 }
 
 
+void
+HttpProtocolTest::HttpMethodTest()
+{
+	using namespace std::literals;
+
+	// Default methods
+	{
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Get).Method(), "GET"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Head).Method(), "HEAD"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Post).Method(), "POST"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Put).Method(), "PUT"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Delete).Method(), "DELETE"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Connect).Method(), "CONNECT"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Options).Method(), "OPTIONS"sv);
+		CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(BHttpMethod(BHttpMethod::Trace).Method(), "TRACE"sv);
+	}
+
+	// Valid custom method
+	{
+		try {
+			auto method = BHttpMethod("PATCH"sv);
+			CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(method.Method(), "PATCH"sv);
+		} catch (...) {
+			CPPUNIT_FAIL("Unexpected error when creating valid method");
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Invalid empty method
+	try {
+		auto method = BHttpMethod("");
+		CPPUNIT_FAIL("Creating an empty method was succesful unexpectedly");
+	} catch (BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod&) {
+		// success
+	} catch (...) {
+		CPPUNIT_FAIL("Unexpected exception type when creating an empty method");
+	}
+
+	// Method with invalid characters (arabic translation of GET)
+	try {
+		auto method = BHttpMethod("جلب");
+		CPPUNIT_FAIL("Creating a method with invalid characters was succesful unexpectedly");
+	} catch (BHttpMethod::InvalidMethod&) {
+		// success
+	} catch (...) {
+		CPPUNIT_FAIL("Unexpected exception type when creating a method with invalid characters");
+	}
+}
+
+
 /* static */ void
 HttpProtocolTest::AddTests(BTestSuite& parent)
 {
@@ -175,6 +226,8 @@ HttpProtocolTest::AddTests(BTestSuite& parent)
 
 	suite.addTest(new CppUnit::TestCaller<HttpProtocolTest>(
 		"HttpProtocolTest::HttpFieldsTest", &HttpProtocolTest::HttpFieldsTest));
+	suite.addTest(new CppUnit::TestCaller<HttpProtocolTest>(
+		"HttpProtocolTest::HttpMethodTest", &HttpProtocolTest::HttpMethodTest));
 
 	parent.addTest("HttpProtocolTest", &suite);
 }

src/tests/kits/net/netservices2/HttpProtocolTest.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ public:
 					HttpProtocolTest();
 
 			void	HttpFieldsTest();
+			void	HttpMethodTest();
 
 	static	void	AddTests(BTestSuite& suite);