2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2017-10-01 14:21:40 +03:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2009, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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* Humdinger
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2018-09-26 08:46:30 +03:00
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* Pengphei Han
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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*
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<title>Bash 和脚本</title>
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2017-10-01 14:21:40 +03:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2017-06-24 01:19:23 +03:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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« <a href="preferences.html">首选项</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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<!-- :: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> » -->
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<div>
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2018-09-26 08:46:30 +03:00
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<h1>Bash 和脚本</h1>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>“撰写脚本”就是把命令组织成可以自动执行的程序，然后把它保存为文本文件，而该文件就称为“脚本”。每次执行脚本时，这些命令则依次执行，和您在<a href="applications/terminal.html">终端</a>中输入命令的顺序相同。<br />
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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脚本既可以用于执行一些简单的命令，也可以通过构建成熟的代码来解决复杂的任务。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="bash" name="bash">Bash</a></h2>
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2017-04-15 23:38:49 +03:00
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<p>由于脚本非常依赖于它们的解释器 Shell，所以您必须非常地了解 Haiku 所使用的 BASH。Bash 的使用非常广泛，所以网上的资源也非常多。其中 Johan Jansson 的 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011205095723/http://www.beforever.com/bashtut.htm" class="printurl">bash介绍 - BeOS的bash教程</a>就是一个非常好的文档。更多的详细内容可以参考 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.pdf" class="printurl">Bash 参考手册(PDF, 720 KiB)</a> 。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="scripting-bible" name="scripting-bible">脚本圣经</a></h2>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>在您了解了Shell的基础之后，您可以慢慢的让自己融入脚本的世界。同时，您会在网上或者书店里找到许多相关的教程和参考资料。 其中有一个非常好的介绍资料就是Scot Hacker的BeOS圣经中的 <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting1.html" class="printurl">Scripting Chapter</a>（<a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/BeOS.scripting.PDF">PDF, 900kb</a>），它是专为 Haiku 系统所定制的。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h2>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a><a id="user-scripts" name="user-scripts">Haiku的脚本</a></h2>
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2017-04-15 23:38:49 +03:00
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<p>Haiku 曾经利用脚本进行系统的启动和关闭。现在它使用 <a href="https://dev.haiku-os.org/wiki/LaunchDaemon">launch_daemon</a> 。 但是，用户仍然可以通过指定的用户脚本控制这些过程。
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如果它们不存在，您必须手动创建这些文件。当然如果已经存在，您只需要在其中适当的地方添加希望执行的命令即可。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h3>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="userbootscript" name="userbootscript">UserBootscript</a> 脚本</h3>
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/boot/UserBootscript</span> 脚本会在系统完成启动进程之后开始运行。例如，您可以在该脚本中添加一些命令来实现相关程序的自动启动：</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<pre># Start LaunchBox
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/boot/system/apps/LaunchBox &
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# Start Workspaces Applet
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/boot/system/apps/Workspaces &</pre>
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<p>需要注意的是，要在命令之后添加 "<tt>&</tt>" 字符，使其作为后台进程运行，否则该脚本将会中止运行直到该命令完成 （这种情况下：已启动的程序将会被关闭）。</p>
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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<p>对于上述的启动程序，另一种方式是把它们的快捷方式放入 <span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/boot/launch</span> 目录。右键点击你希望自动启动的程序，选择 <span class="menu">Create Link</span> ，然后<a href="tracker.html#navigating">导航</a>至上述目录。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2018-09-26 08:46:30 +03:00
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="usershutdownscript" name="usershutdownscript">The UserShutdownScript - <i>not yet working</i></a></h3>
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/boot/UserShutdownScript</span> 是系统关机进程的第一个步骤。如果该脚本返回一个非零的结束状态，则系统关闭失败。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h3>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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2018-09-26 08:46:30 +03:00
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<a id="usershutdownfinishscript" name="usershutdownfinishscript">The UserShutdownFinishScript - <i>not yet working</i></a></h3>
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2016-05-06 05:15:13 +03:00
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/settings/boot/UserShutdownFinishScript</span> 是结束进程的最后一个步骤。需要注意的是，在该脚本执行之前，大部分的系统进程已经终止。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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