164 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
164 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.9 1999/05/07 14:00:39 drochner Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
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.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd March 13, 1997
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.Dt BOOT 8 i386
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd
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system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Sy Power fail and crash recovery.
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Pp
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.Sy Cold starts.
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The 386
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.Tn "PC AT"
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clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive A (otherwise known as drive
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0) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk C (otherwise
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known as hard disk controller 1, drive 0).
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The
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.Nx
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bootblocks are loaded and started either by the BIOS, or by
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a boot selector program (such as OS-BS, BOOTEASY, the OS/2 Boot Menu or
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.Nx 's
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boot-selecting master boot record - see
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.Xr mbr 8 ).
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.Pp
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Once running, a prompt similar to the following will appear.
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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>> NetBSD BIOS Boot, revision 2.2
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>> (user@buildhost, builddate)
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>> Memory: 637/15360 k
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Use hd1a:netbsd to boot sd0 when wd0 is also installed
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Press return to boot now, any other key for boot menu
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booting wd0a:netbsd - starting in 5
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.Ed
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.Pp
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After a countdown the system image listed will be loaded. (In the
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above example, it will be
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.Dq Li wd0a:netbsd
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which is the file
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.Nm netbsd
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on partition
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.Dq a
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of the
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.Nx
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MBR partition of the first hard disk known to the BIOS [which is
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appearently an IDE or similar device - see the
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.Em BUGS
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section].)
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.Pp
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The default disk will be set to the disk that the boot loader was
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loaded from.
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To boot from an alternate disk, the full name of the device should
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be given at the prompt. Alternate system images can be loaded by
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just specifying the name of the image.
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.Pp
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The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
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installation:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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sd SCSI disks on a controller recognized by the BIOS. The unit
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number is the BIOS device number.
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wd ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or
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lookalike controller(s), as numbered by the BIOS.
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hd Hard disks as numbered by the BIOS.
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fd Floppy drives as numbered by the BIOS.
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Op Fl s
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flag to the boot loader will bring the system up in single-user mode.
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The
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.Op Fl a
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flag instructs the system to prompt for the location of the root filesystem
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and the system crash dump device.
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The
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.Op Fl r
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flag instructs the system to use the compiled in value for the root
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device, not the device the system image was loaded from.
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The
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.Op Fl d
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flag to the boot loader will bring the system up in debug mode.
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Here it waits for a kernel debugger connect; see
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.Xr ddb 4 .
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.Pp
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In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the
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.Nx
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installation notes for the i386 architecture
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can be used to boot from floppy.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym
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boot block (not installed)
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.It Pa /boot
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boot block (installed).
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr boot_console 8 ,
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8 ,
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.Xr dosboot 8 ,
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.Xr mbr 8
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.Sh BUGS
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Hard disks are always accessed by BIOS functions. Unit numbers are
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BIOS device numbers which might differ from numbering in the
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.Nx
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kernel or physical parameters (eg SCSI slave numbers). The distiction
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into
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.Dq sd
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and
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.Dq wd
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devices at the bootloader level is meaningless and exists for
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historical reasons. (This is less a bug of the bootloader code than
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a shortcoming of the PC architecture.)
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The default disk device's name printed in the starting message
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is derived from the
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.Dq type
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field of the
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.Nx
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disklabel (if it is a hard disk).
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