384 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
384 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: lpd.8,v 1.35 2011/11/09 14:16:00 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)lpd.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd January 20, 2006
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.Dt LPD 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm lpd
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.Nd line printer spooler daemon
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl dlsrW
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.Op Fl b Ar bind-address
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.Op Fl n Ar maxchild
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.Op Fl w Ar maxwait
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.Op port
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked
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at boot time from the
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.Xr rc 8
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file.
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It makes a single pass through the
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.Xr printcap 5
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file to find out about the existing printers and prints any files
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left after a crash.
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It then uses the system calls
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.Xr listen 2
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and
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.Xr accept 2
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to receive requests to print files in the queue, transfer files to
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the spooling area, display the queue, or remove jobs from the queue.
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In each case, it forks a child to handle the request so the parent
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can continue to listen for more requests.
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.Pp
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Available options:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl b
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Normally, if the
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.Fl s
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option is not specified,
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.Nm
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will listen on all network interfaces for incoming TCP connections.
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The
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.Fl b
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option, followed by a
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.Ar bind-address
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specifies that
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.Nm
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should listen on that address instead of INADDR_ANY.
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Multiple
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.Fl b
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options are permitted, allowing a list of addresses to be specified.
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Use of this option silently overrides the
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.Fl s
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option if it is also present on the command line.
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.Ar bind-address
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can be a numeric host name in IPv4 or IPv6 notation, or a symbolic host
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name which will be looked up in the normal way.
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.It Fl d
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The
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.Fl d
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option turns on the
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.Dv SO_DEBUG
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.Xr socket 2
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option.
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See
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.Xr setsockopt 2
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for more details.
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.It Fl l
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The
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.Fl l
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flag causes
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.Nm
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to log valid requests received from the network.
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This can be useful for debugging purposes.
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.It Fl n
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The
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.Fl n
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flag sets
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.Ar maxchild
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as the maximum number of child processes that
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.Nm
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will spawn.
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The default is 32.
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.It Fl r
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The
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.Fl r
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flag allows the
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.Dq of
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and
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.Dq if
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filters to be used if specified for a remote
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printer.
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Traditionally,
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.Nm
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would not use filters for remote printers.
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.It Fl s
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The
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.Fl s
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flag selects
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.Dq secure
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mode, in which
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.Nm
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does not listen on a TCP socket but only takes commands from a
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.Ux
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domain socket.
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This is valuable when the machine on which
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.Nm
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runs is subject to attack over the network and it is desired that the
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machine be protected from attempts to remotely fill spools and similar
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attacks.
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.It Fl w
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The
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.Fl w
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flag sets
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.Ar maxwait
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as the wait time (in seconds) for dead remote server detection.
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If no response is returned from a connected server within this period,
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the connection is closed and a message logged.
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The default is 120 seconds.
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.It Fl W
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The
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.Fl W
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option will instruct lpd not to verify a remote tcp connection
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comes from a reserved port (\*[Lt]1024).
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.El
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.Pp
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If the
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.Op port
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parameter is passed,
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.Nm
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listens on this port instead of the usual
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.Dq printer/tcp
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port from
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.Pa /etc/services .
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.Pp
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Access control is provided by three means.
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First,
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.Pa /etc/hosts.allow
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and
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.Pa /etc/hosts.deny
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are consulted as described in
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.Xr hosts_access 5
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with daemon name
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.Nm .
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Second, all requests must come from one of the machines listed in
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the file
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.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
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or
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.Pa /etc/hosts.lpd
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unless there is a line consisting of
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.Sq + ,
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in which case any host
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will be accepted that passes the
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.Xr hosts_access 5
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test and has reverse resolving set up.
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Lastly, if the
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.Li rs
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capability is specified in the
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.Xr printcap 5
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entry for the printer being accessed,
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.Em lpr
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requests will only be honored for those users with accounts on the
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machine with the printer.
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Requests must pass all three tests.
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.Pp
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The file
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.Em minfree
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in each spool directory contains the number of disk blocks to leave free
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so that the line printer queue won't completely fill the disk.
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The
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.Em minfree
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file can be edited with your favorite text editor.
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.Pp
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The daemon begins processing files
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after it has successfully set the lock for exclusive
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access (described a bit later),
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and scans the spool directory
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for files beginning with
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.Em cf .
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Lines in each
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.Em cf
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file specify files to be printed or non-printing actions to be performed.
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Each such line begins with a key character to specify what to do
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with the remainder of the line.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It J
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Job Name.
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String to be used for the job name on the burst page.
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.It C
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Classification.
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String to be used for the classification line
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on the burst page.
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.It L
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Literal.
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The line contains identification info from the password file and
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causes the banner page to be printed.
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.It T
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Title.
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String to be used as the title for
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.Xr pr 1 .
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.It H
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Host Name.
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Name of the machine where
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.Xr lpr 1
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was invoked.
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.It P
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Person.
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Login name of the person who invoked
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.Xr lpr 1 .
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This is used to verify ownership by
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.Xr lprm 1 .
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.It M
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Send mail to the specified user when the current print job completes.
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.It f
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Formatted File.
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Name of a file to print which is already formatted.
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.It l
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Like
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.Dq f
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but passes control characters and does not make page breaks.
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.It p
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Name of a file to print using
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.Xr pr 1
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as a filter.
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.It t
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Troff File.
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The file contains
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.Xr troff 1
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output (cat phototypesetter commands).
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.It n
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Ditroff File.
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The file contains device independent troff
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output.
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.It d
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DVI File.
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The file contains
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.Tn Tex l
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output
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DVI format from Stanford.
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.It g
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Graph File.
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The file contains data produced by
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.Ic plot .
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.It c
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Cifplot File.
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The file contains data produced by
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.Ic cifplot .
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.It v
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The file contains a raster image.
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.It o
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The file contains PostScript data.
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.It r
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The file contains text data with
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FORTRAN carriage control characters.
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.It \&1
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Troff Font R.
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Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
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.It \&2
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Troff Font I.
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Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
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.It \&3
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Troff Font B.
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Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
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.It \&4
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Troff Font S.
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Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
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.It W
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Width.
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Changes the page width (in characters) used by
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.Xr pr 1
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and the text filters.
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.It I
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Indent.
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The number of characters to indent the output by (in ascii).
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.It U
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Unlink.
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Name of file to remove upon completion of printing.
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.It N
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File name.
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The name of the file which is being printed, or a blank for the
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standard input (when
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.Xr lpr 1
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is invoked in a pipeline).
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.El
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.Pp
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If a file cannot be opened, a message will be logged via
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.Xr syslog 3
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using the
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.Em LOG_LPR
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facility.
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.Nm
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will try up to 20 times to reopen a file it expects to be there,
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after which it will skip the file to be printed.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr flock 2
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to provide exclusive access to the lock file and to prevent multiple
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daemons from becoming active simultaneously.
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If the daemon should be killed or die unexpectedly, the lock file
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need not be removed.
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The lock file is kept in a readable
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.Tn ASCII
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form and contains two lines.
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The first is the process id of the daemon and the second is the control
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file name of the current job being printed.
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The second line is updated to reflect the current status of
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.Nm
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for the programs
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.Xr lpq 1
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and
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.Xr lprm 1 .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "/var/spool/output/*/minfree" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/printcap
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printer description file
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.It Pa /var/spool/output/*
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spool directories
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.It Pa /var/spool/output/*/minfree
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minimum free space to leave
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.It Pa /dev/lp*
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line printer devices
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.It Pa /var/run/printer
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socket for local requests
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.It Pa /etc/hosts.allow
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explicit remote host access list.
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.It Pa /etc/hosts.deny
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explicit remote host denial of service list.
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.It Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
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lists machine names allowed printer access
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.It Pa /etc/hosts.lpd
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lists machine names allowed printer access,
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but not under same administrative control.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr lpq 1 ,
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.Xr lpr 1 ,
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.Xr lprm 1 ,
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.Xr setsockopt 2 ,
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.Xr syslog 3 ,
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.Xr hosts.equiv 5 ,
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.Xr hosts_access 5 ,
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.Xr hosts_options 5 ,
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.Xr printcap 5 ,
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.Xr lpc 8 ,
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.Xr pac 8
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.Rs
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.%T "4.3 BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual"
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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An
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.Nm
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daemon appeared in Version 6 AT\*[Am]T UNIX.
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