15be242b3a
libraries contain stubs only (with minor exceptions a la pipe(2)), the purpose of this section is to provide linkage information.
165 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
165 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: semop.2,v 1.8 1999/12/02 21:42:39 kleink Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Frank van der Linden
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
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.\" by Frank van der Linden
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd August 25, 1999
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.Dt SEMOP 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm semop
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.Nd semaphore operations
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <sys/sem.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fn semop "int semid" "struct sembuf *sops" "size_t nsops"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Fn semop
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provides a number of atomic operations on a set of semaphores. The semaphore
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set is specified by
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.Fa semid ,
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.Fa sops
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is an array of semaphore operations, and
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.Fa nsops
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is the number of operations in this array. The
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.Va sembuf
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structures in the array contain the following members:
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.Bd -literal
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unsigned short sem_num; /* semaphore # */
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short sem_op; /* semaphore operation */
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short sem_flg; /* operation flags */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Each operation (specified in
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.Va sem_op )
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is applied to semaphore number
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.Va sem_num
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in the set of semaphores specified by
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.Fa semid .
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The value of
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.Va sem_op
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determines the action taken in the following way:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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.Va sem_op
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is less than 0. The current process is blocked until the value of the
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semaphore is greater than or equal to the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op .
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The absolute value of
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.Va sem_op
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is then subtracted from the value of the semaphore, and the calling
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process continues. Negative values of
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.Va sem_op
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are thus used to enter critical regions.
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.It
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.Va sem_op
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is greater than 0. Its value is added to the value of the specified
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semaphore. This is used to leave critical regions.
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.It
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.Va sem_op
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is equal to 0. The calling process is blocked until the value of the
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specified semaphore reaches 0.
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.El
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.Pp
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The behaviour of each operation is influenced by the flags set in
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.Va sem_flg
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in the following way:
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.Bl -tag -width IPC_NOWAITX
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.It Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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In the case where the calling process would normally block, waiting
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for a semaphore to reach a certain value,
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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makes the
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call return immediately, returning a value of -1 and setting
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.Va errno
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to
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.Er EAGAIN .
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.It SEM_UNDO
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Keep track of the changes that this call makes to the value of a semaphore,
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so that they can be undone when the calling process terminates. This is
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useful to prevent other processes waiting on a semaphore to block forever,
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should the process that has the semaphore locked terminate in a critical
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section.
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.El
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -1 is
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returned and the global variable
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Fn semop
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will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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There is no semaphore associated with
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.Fa semid .
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.Pp
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The semaphore set was removed while the process was waiting for one of
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its semaphores to reach a certain value.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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The calling process has no permission to access the specified semaphore set.
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.It Bq Er E2BIG
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The value of
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.Fa nsops
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is too big. The maximum is defined as
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.Dv MAX_SOPS
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in
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.Aq Pa sys/sem.h .
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.It Bq Er EFBIG
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.Va sem_num
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in one of the sem_buf structures is less than 0, or greater than the actual
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number of semaphores in the set specified by
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.Fa semid .
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.It Bq Er ENOSPC
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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was requested, and there is not enough space left in the kernel to
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store the unfo information.
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.It Bq Er EAGAIN
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The requested operation can not immediately be performed, and
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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was set in
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.Va sem_flg .
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa sops
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points to an illegal address.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr semctl 2 ,
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.Xr semget 2
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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system call conforms to
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.St -xsh5 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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Semaphores appeared in the first release of
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.At V .
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