504 lines
18 KiB
Groff
504 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: openssl_ciphers.1,v 1.13 2005/04/24 00:10:04 wiz Exp $
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "CIPHERS 1"
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.TH CIPHERS 1 "2003-07-24" "0.9.7g" "OpenSSL"
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.SH "NAME"
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ciphers \- SSL cipher display and cipher list tool.
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.SH "LIBRARY"
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libcrypto, -lcrypto
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBciphers\fR
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[\fB\-v\fR]
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[\fB\-ssl2\fR]
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[\fB\-ssl3\fR]
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[\fB\-tls1\fR]
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[\fBcipherlist\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The \fBcipherlist\fR command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered
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\&\s-1SSL\s0 cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine
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the appropriate cipherlist.
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.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-v"
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verbose option. List ciphers with a complete description of
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protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes \s-1TLS\s0), key exchange,
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authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key size
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restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an \*(L"export\*(R" cipher.
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Note that without the \fB\-v\fR option, ciphers may seem to appear twice
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in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for
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\&\s-1SSL\s0 v2 and for \s-1SSL\s0 v3/TLS v1.
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.IP "\fB\-ssl3\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-ssl3"
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only include \s-1SSL\s0 v3 ciphers.
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.IP "\fB\-ssl2\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-ssl2"
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only include \s-1SSL\s0 v2 ciphers.
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.IP "\fB\-tls1\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-tls1"
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only include \s-1TLS\s0 v1 ciphers.
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.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-?\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-h, -?"
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print a brief usage message.
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.IP "\fBcipherlist\fR" 4
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.IX Item "cipherlist"
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a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not included
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then the default cipher list will be used. The format is described below.
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.SH "CIPHER LIST FORMAT"
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.IX Header "CIPHER LIST FORMAT"
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The cipher list consists of one or more \fIcipher strings\fR separated by colons.
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Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used.
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.PP
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The actual cipher string can take several different forms.
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.PP
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It can consist of a single cipher suite such as \fB\s-1RC4\-SHA\s0\fR.
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.PP
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It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algorithm, or
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cipher suites of a certain type. For example \fB\s-1SHA1\s0\fR represents all ciphers
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suites using the digest algorithm \s-1SHA1\s0 and \fBSSLv3\fR represents all \s-1SSL\s0 v3
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algorithms.
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.PP
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Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using the
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\&\fB+\fR character. This is used as a logical \fBand\fR operation. For example
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\&\fB\s-1SHA1+DES\s0\fR represents all cipher suites containing the \s-1SHA1\s0 \fBand\fR the \s-1DES\s0
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algorithms.
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.PP
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Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters \fB!\fR,
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\&\fB\-\fR or \fB+\fR.
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.PP
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If \fB!\fR is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list.
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The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are
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explicitly stated.
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.PP
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If \fB\-\fR is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or
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all of the ciphers can be added again by later options.
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.PP
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If \fB+\fR is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This
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option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing ones.
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.PP
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If none of these characters is present then the string is just interpreted
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as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference list. If the
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list includes any ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is they
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will not moved to the end of the list.
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.PP
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Additionally the cipher string \fB@STRENGTH\fR can be used at any point to sort
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the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key length.
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.SH "CIPHER STRINGS"
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.IX Header "CIPHER STRINGS"
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The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings.
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.IP "\fB\s-1DEFAULT\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "DEFAULT"
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the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is normally
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\&\fB\s-1ALL:\s0!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH\fR. This must be the first cipher string
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specified.
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.IP "\fB\s-1COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT"
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the ciphers included in \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR, but not enabled by default. Currently
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this is \fB\s-1ADH\s0\fR. Note that this rule does not cover \fBeNULL\fR, which is
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not included by \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR (use \fB\s-1COMPLEMENTOFALL\s0\fR if necessary).
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.IP "\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "ALL"
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all ciphers suites except the \fBeNULL\fR ciphers which must be explicitly enabled.
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.IP "\fB\s-1COMPLEMENTOFALL\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "COMPLEMENTOFALL"
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the cipher suites not enabled by \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR, currently being \fBeNULL\fR.
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.IP "\fB\s-1HIGH\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "HIGH"
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\&\*(L"high\*(R" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with key lengths larger
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than 128 bits.
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.IP "\fB\s-1MEDIUM\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "MEDIUM"
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\&\*(L"medium\*(R" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 128 bit encryption.
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.IP "\fB\s-1LOW\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "LOW"
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\&\*(L"low\*(R" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms
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but excluding export cipher suites.
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.IP "\fB\s-1EXP\s0\fR, \fB\s-1EXPORT\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "EXP, EXPORT"
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export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms.
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.IP "\fB\s-1EXPORT40\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "EXPORT40"
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40 bit export encryption algorithms
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.IP "\fB\s-1EXPORT56\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "EXPORT56"
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56 bit export encryption algorithms.
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.IP "\fBeNULL\fR, \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "eNULL, NULL"
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the \*(L"\s-1NULL\s0\*(R" ciphers that is those offering no encryption. Because these offer no
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encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled unless explicitly
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included.
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.IP "\fBaNULL\fR" 4
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.IX Item "aNULL"
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the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the anonymous
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\&\s-1DH\s0 algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a \*(L"man in the middle\*(R"
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attack and so their use is normally discouraged.
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.IP "\fBkRSA\fR, \fB\s-1RSA\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "kRSA, RSA"
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cipher suites using \s-1RSA\s0 key exchange.
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.IP "\fBkEDH\fR" 4
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.IX Item "kEDH"
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cipher suites using ephemeral \s-1DH\s0 key agreement.
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.IP "\fBkDHr\fR, \fBkDHd\fR" 4
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.IX Item "kDHr, kDHd"
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cipher suites using \s-1DH\s0 key agreement and \s-1DH\s0 certificates signed by CAs with \s-1RSA\s0
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and \s-1DSS\s0 keys respectively. Not implemented.
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.IP "\fBaRSA\fR" 4
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.IX Item "aRSA"
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cipher suites using \s-1RSA\s0 authentication, i.e. the certificates carry \s-1RSA\s0 keys.
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.IP "\fBaDSS\fR, \fB\s-1DSS\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "aDSS, DSS"
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cipher suites using \s-1DSS\s0 authentication, i.e. the certificates carry \s-1DSS\s0 keys.
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.IP "\fBaDH\fR" 4
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.IX Item "aDH"
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cipher suites effectively using \s-1DH\s0 authentication, i.e. the certificates carry
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\&\s-1DH\s0 keys. Not implemented.
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.IP "\fBkFZA\fR, \fBaFZA\fR, \fBeFZA\fR, \fB\s-1FZA\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "kFZA, aFZA, eFZA, FZA"
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ciphers suites using \s-1FORTEZZA\s0 key exchange, authentication, encryption or all
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\&\s-1FORTEZZA\s0 algorithms. Not implemented.
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.IP "\fBTLSv1\fR, \fBSSLv3\fR, \fBSSLv2\fR" 4
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.IX Item "TLSv1, SSLv3, SSLv2"
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\&\s-1TLS\s0 v1.0, \s-1SSL\s0 v3.0 or \s-1SSL\s0 v2.0 cipher suites respectively.
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.IP "\fB\s-1DH\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "DH"
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cipher suites using \s-1DH\s0, including anonymous \s-1DH\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1ADH\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "ADH"
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anonymous \s-1DH\s0 cipher suites.
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.IP "\fB\s-1AES\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "AES"
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cipher suites using \s-1AES\s0.
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.IP "\fB3DES\fR" 4
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.IX Item "3DES"
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cipher suites using triple \s-1DES\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1DES\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "DES"
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cipher suites using \s-1DES\s0 (not triple \s-1DES\s0).
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.IP "\fB\s-1RC4\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "RC4"
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cipher suites using \s-1RC4\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1RC2\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "RC2"
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cipher suites using \s-1RC2\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1IDEA\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "IDEA"
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cipher suites using \s-1IDEA\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1MD5\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "MD5"
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cipher suites using \s-1MD5\s0.
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.IP "\fB\s-1SHA1\s0\fR, \fB\s-1SHA\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "SHA1, SHA"
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cipher suites using \s-1SHA1\s0.
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.SH "CIPHER SUITE NAMES"
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.IX Header "CIPHER SUITE NAMES"
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The following lists give the \s-1SSL\s0 or \s-1TLS\s0 cipher suites names from the
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relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. It should be noted,
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that several cipher suite names do not include the authentication used,
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e.g. \s-1DES\-CBC3\-SHA\s0. In these cases, \s-1RSA\s0 authentication is used.
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.Sh "\s-1SSL\s0 v3.0 cipher suites."
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.IX Subsection "SSL v3.0 cipher suites."
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.Vb 10
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
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\& SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
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\& SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 12
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\& SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
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\& SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 5
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\& SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
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\& SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
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\& SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
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\& SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 3
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\& SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented.
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\& SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sh "\s-1TLS\s0 v1.0 cipher suites."
|
|
.IX Subsection "TLS v1.0 cipher suites."
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sh "\s-1AES\s0 ciphersuites from \s-1RFC3268\s0, extending \s-1TLS\s0 v1.0"
|
|
.IX Subsection "AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0"
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA AES256-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES256-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES256-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ADH-AES128-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ADH-AES256-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sh "Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites"
|
|
.IX Subsection "Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites"
|
|
Note: these ciphers can also be used in \s-1SSL\s0 v3.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
|
|
\& TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sh "\s-1SSL\s0 v2.0 cipher suites."
|
|
.IX Subsection "SSL v2.0 cipher suites."
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5
|
|
\& SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "NOTES"
|
|
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
|
The non-ephemeral \s-1DH\s0 modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL
|
|
because there is no support for \s-1DH\s0 certificates.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers
|
|
listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time.
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
|
Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including \s-1NULL\s0 ciphers:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL'
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Include all ciphers except \s-1NULL\s0 and anonymous \s-1DH\s0 then sort by
|
|
strength:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH'
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Include only 3DES ciphers and then place \s-1RSA\s0 ciphers last:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA'
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Include all \s-1RC4\s0 ciphers but leave out those without authentication:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT'
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Include all chiphers with \s-1RSA\s0 authentication but leave out ciphers without
|
|
encryption.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL'
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fIs_client\fR\|(1), \fIs_server\fR\|(1), \fIssl\fR\|(3)
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
|
The \fB\s-1COMPLENTOFALL\s0\fR and \fB\s-1COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT\s0\fR selection options were
|
|
added in version 0.9.7.
|