617 lines
21 KiB
Groff
617 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1991 Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)uda.4 6.6 (Berkeley) 3/27/91
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.\" $Id: uda.4,v 1.2 1993/08/01 07:35:56 mycroft Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd March 27, 1991
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.Dt UDA 4 vax
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm uda
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.Nd
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.Tn UDA50
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disk controller interface
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Cd "controller uda0 at uba0 csr 0172150 vector udaintr"
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.Cd "disk ra0 at uda0 drive 0"
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.Cd "options MSCP_PARANOIA"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This is a driver for the
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.Tn DEC UDA50
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disk controller and other
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compatible controllers. The
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.Tn UDA50
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communicates with the host through
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a packet protocol known as the Mass Storage Control Protocol
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.Pq Tn MSCP .
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Consult the file
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.Aq Pa vax/mscp.h
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for a detailed description of this protocol.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm uda
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driver
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is a typical block-device disk driver; see
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.Xr physio 4
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for a description of block
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.Tn I/O .
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The script
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.Xr MAKEDEV 8
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should be used to create the
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.Nm uda
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special files; should a special
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file need to be created by hand, consult
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.Xr mknod 8 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Dv MSCP_PARANOIA
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option enables runtime checking on all transfer completion responses
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from the controller. This increases disk
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.Tn I/O
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overhead and may
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be undesirable on slow machines, but is otherwise recommended.
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.Pp
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The first sector of each disk contains both a first-stage bootstrap program
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and a disk label containing geometry information and partition layouts (see
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.Xr disklabel 5 ) .
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This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should
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avoid copying this sector.
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The label may be updated with
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector.
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The next 15 sectors contain a second-stage bootstrap program.
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.Sh DISK SUPPORT
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During autoconfiguration,
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as well as when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed,
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the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label.
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If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables
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are taken from it.
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If no label is found,
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the driver configures the type of each drive when it is first
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encountered. A default partition table in the driver is used for each type
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of disk when a pack is not labelled. The origin and size
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(in sectors) of the default pseudo-disks on each
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drive are shown below. Not all partitions begin on cylinder
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boundaries, as on other drives, because previous drivers used one
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partition table for all drive types. Variants of the partition tables
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are common; check the driver and the file
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.Pa /etc/disktab
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.Pq Xr disktab 5
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for other possibilities.
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.Pp
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Special file names begin with
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.Sq Li ra
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and
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.Sq Li rra
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for the block and character files respectively. The second
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component of the name, a drive unit number in the range of zero to
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seven, is represented by a
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.Sq Li ?
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in the disk layouts below. The last component of the name is the
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file system partition
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designated
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by a letter from
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.Sq Li a
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to
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.Sq Li h
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and which corresponds to a minor device number set: zero to seven,
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eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for drive zero, drive two and drive
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three respectively, (see
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.Xr physio 4) .
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The location and size (in sectors) of the partitions:
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.Bl -column header diskx undefined length
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.Tn RA60 No partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 15884 33440
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ra?c 0 400176
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ra?d 49324 82080 same as 4.2BSD ra?g
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ra?e 131404 268772 same as 4.2BSD ra?h
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ra?f 49324 350852
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ra?g 242606 157570
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ra?h 49324 193282
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.Tn RA70 No partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 15972 33440
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ra?c 0 547041
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ra?d 34122 15884
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ra?e 357192 55936
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ra?f 413457 133584
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ra?g 341220 205821
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ra?h 49731 29136
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.Tn RA80 No partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 15884 33440
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ra?c 0 242606
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ra?e 49324 193282 same as old Berkeley ra?g
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ra?f 49324 82080 same as 4.2BSD ra?g
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ra?g 49910 192696
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ra?h 131404 111202 same as 4.2BSD
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.Tn RA81 No partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 16422 66880
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ra?c 0 891072
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ra?d 375564 15884
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ra?e 391986 307200
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ra?f 699720 191352
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ra?g 375564 515508
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ra?h 83538 291346
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.Tn RA81 No partitions with 4.2BSD-compatible partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 16422 66880
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ra?c 0 891072
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ra?d 49324 82080 same as 4.2BSD ra?g
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ra?e 131404 759668 same as 4.2BSD ra?h
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ra?f 412490 478582 same as 4.2BSD ra?f
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ra?g 375564 515508
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ra?h 83538 291346
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.Tn RA82 No partitions
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.Sy disk start length
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ra?a 0 15884
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ra?b 16245 66880
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ra?c 0 1135554
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ra?d 375345 15884
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ra?e 391590 307200
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ra?f 669390 466164
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ra?g 375345 760209
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ra?h 83790 291346
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.El
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.Pp
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The ra?a partition is normally used for the root file system, the ra?b
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partition as a paging area, and the ra?c partition for pack-pack
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copying (it maps the entire disk).
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /dev/rra[0-9][a-f] -compact
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.It Pa /dev/ra[0-9][a-f]
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.It Pa /dev/rra[0-9][a-f]
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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.Bl -diag
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.It "panic: udaslave"
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No command packets were available while the driver was looking
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for disk drives. The controller is not extending enough credits
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to use the drives.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: no response to Get Unit Status request"
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A disk drive was found, but did not respond to a status request.
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This is either a hardware problem or someone pulling unit number
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plugs very fast.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: unit %d off line"
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While searching for drives, the controller found one that
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seems to be manually disabled. It is ignored.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: unable to get unit status"
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Something went wrong while trying to determine the status of
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a disk drive. This is followed by an error detail.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: unit %d, next %d
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This probably never happens, but I wanted to know if it did. I
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have no idea what one should do about it.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: cannot handle unit number %d (max is %d)"
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The controller found a drive whose unit number is too large.
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Valid unit numbers are those in the range [0..7].
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.Pp
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.It "ra%d: don't have a partition table for %s; using (s,t,c)=(%d,%d,%d)"
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The controller found a drive whose media identifier (e.g. `RA 25')
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does not have a default partition table. A temporary partition
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table containing only an `a' partition has been created covering
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the entire disk, which has the indicated numbers of sectors per
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track (s), tracks per cylinder (t), and total cylinders (c).
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Give the pack a label with the
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.Xr disklabel
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utility.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: uballoc map failed"
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Unibus resource map allocation failed during initialisation. This
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can only happen if you have 496 devices on a Unibus.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: timeout during init
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The controller did not initialise within ten seconds. A hardware
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problem, but it sometimes goes away if you try again.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: init failed, sa=%b
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The controller refused to initalise.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: controller hung
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The controller never finished initialisation. Retrying may sometimes
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fix it.
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: drive will not come on line
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The drive will not come on line, probably because it is spun down.
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This should be preceded by a message giving details as to why the
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drive stayed off line.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: still hung
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When the controller hangs, the driver occasionally tries to reinitialise
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it. This means it just tried, without success.
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.Pp
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.It panic: udastart: bp==NULL
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A bug in the driver has put an empty drive queue on a controller queue.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: command ring too small
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If you increase
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.Dv NCMDL2 ,
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you may see a performance improvement.
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(See
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.Pa /sys/vaxuba/uda.c . )
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.Pp
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.It panic: udastart
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A drive was found marked for status or on-line functions while performing
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status or on-line functions. This indicates a bug in the driver.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: controller error, sa=0%o (%s)"
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The controller reported an error. The error code is printed in
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octal, along with a short description if the code is known (see the
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.%T UDA50 Maintenance Guide ,
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.Tn DEC
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part number
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.Tn AA-M185B-TC ,
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pp. 18-22).
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If this occurs during normal
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operation, the driver will reset it and retry pending
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.Tn I/O .
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If
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it occurs during configuration, the controller may be ignored.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: stray intr
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The controller interrupted when it should have stayed quiet. The
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interrupt has been ignored.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: init step %d failed, sa=%b"
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The controller reported an error during the named initialisation step.
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The driver will retry initialisation later.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: version %d model %d
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An informational message giving the revision level of the controller.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: DMA burst size set to %d
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An informational message showing the
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.Tn DMA
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burst size, in words.
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.Pp
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.It panic: udaintr
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Indicates a bug in the generic
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.Tn MSCP
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code.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: driver bug, state %d
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The driver has a bogus value for the controller state. Something
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is quite wrong. This is immediately followed by a `panic: udastate'.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: purge bdp %d
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A benign message tracing BDP purges. I have been trying to figure
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out what BDP purges are for. You might want to comment out this
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call to log() in /sys/vaxuba/uda.c.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: SETCTLRC failed: `detail'
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The Set Controller Characteristics command (the last part of the
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controller initialisation sequence) failed. The
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.Em detail
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message tells why.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: attempt to bring ra%d on line failed: `detail'"
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The drive could not be brought on line. The
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.Em detail
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message tells why.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: ra%d: unknown type %d
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The type index of the named drive is not known to the driver, so the
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drive will be ignored.
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.Pp
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.It "ra%d: changed types! was %d now %d"
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A drive somehow changed from one kind to another, e.g., from an
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.Tn RA80
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to an
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.Tn RA60 .
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The numbers printed are the encoded media identifiers (see
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.Ao Pa vax/mscp.h Ac
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for the encoding).
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The driver believes the new type.
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.Pp
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.It "ra%d: uda%d, unit %d, size = %d sectors"
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The named drive is on the indicated controller as the given unit,
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and has that many sectors of user-file area. This is printed
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during configuration.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: attempt to get status for ra%d failed: `detail'"
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A status request failed. The
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.Em detail
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message should tell why.
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: bad block report: %d
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The drive has reported the given block as bad. If there are multiple
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bad blocks, the drive will report only the first; in this case this
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message will be followed by `+ others'. Get
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.Tn DEC
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to forward the
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block with
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.Tn EVRLK .
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: serious exception reported
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I have no idea what this really means.
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.Pp
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.It panic: udareplace
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The controller reported completion of a
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.Tn REPLACE
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operation. The
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driver never issues any
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.Tn REPLACE Ns s ,
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so something is wrong.
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.Pp
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.It panic: udabb
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The controller reported completion of bad block related
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.Tn I/O .
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The
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driver never issues any such, so something is wrong.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: lost interrupt
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The controller has gone out to lunch, and is being reset to try to bring
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it back.
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.Pp
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.It panic: mscp_go: AEB_MAX_BP too small
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You defined
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.Dv AVOID_EMULEX_BUG
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and increased
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.Dv NCMDL2
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and Emulex has
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new firmware. Raise
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.Dv AEB_MAX_BP
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or turn off
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.Dv AVOID_EMULEX_BUG .
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: unit %d: unknown message type 0x%x ignored"
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The controller responded with a mysterious message type. See
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.Pa /sys/vax/mscp.h
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for a list of known message types. This is probably
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a controller hardware problem.
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: unit %d out of range"
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The disk drive unit number (the unit plug) is higher than the
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maximum number the driver allows (currently 7).
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.Pp
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.It "uda%d: unit %d not configured, message ignored"
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The named disk drive has announced its presence to the controller,
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but was not, or cannot now be, configured into the running system.
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.Em Message
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is one of `available attention' (an `I am here' message) or
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`stray response op 0x%x status 0x%x' (anything else).
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: bad lbn (%d)?
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The drive has reported an invalid command error, probably due to an
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invalid block number. If the lbn value is very much greater than the
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size reported by the drive, this is the problem. It is probably due to
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an improperly configured partition table. Other invalid commands
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indicate a bug in the driver, or hardware trouble.
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: duplicate ONLINE ignored
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The drive has come on-line while already on-line. This condition
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can probably be ignored (and has been).
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: io done, but no buffer?
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Hardware trouble, or a bug; the drive has finished an
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.Tn I/O
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request,
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but the response has an invalid (zero) command reference number.
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.Pp
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.It "Emulex SC41/MS screwup: uda%d, got %d correct, then changed 0x%x to 0x%x"
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You turned on
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.Dv AVOID_EMULEX_BUG ,
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and the driver successfully
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avoided the bug. The number of correctly-handled requests is
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reported, along with the expected and actual values relating to
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the bug being avoided.
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.Pp
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.It panic: unrecoverable Emulex screwup
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You turned on
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.Dv AVOID_EMULEX_BUG ,
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but Emulex was too clever and
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avoided the avoidance. Try turning on
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.Dv MSCP_PARANOIA
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instead.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: bad response packet ignored
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You turned on
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.Dv MSCP_PARANOIA ,
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and the driver caught the controller in
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a lie. The lie has been ignored, and the controller will soon be
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reset (after a `lost' interrupt). This is followed by a hex dump of
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the offending packet.
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.Pp
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.It ra%d: bogus REPLACE end
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The drive has reported finishing a bad sector replacement, but the
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driver never issues bad sector replacement commands. The report
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is ignored. This is likely a hardware problem.
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.Pp
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.It "ra%d: unknown opcode 0x%x status 0x%x ignored"
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The drive has reported something that the driver cannot understand.
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Perhaps
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.Tn DEC
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has been inventive, or perhaps your hardware is ill.
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This is followed by a hex dump of the offending packet.
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.Pp
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.It "ra%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (ra%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)."
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An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified
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filesystem block number(s),
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which are logical block numbers on the indicated partition.
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If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well.
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The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number
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relative to the beginning of the drive,
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as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block.
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.Pp
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.It uda%d: %s error datagram
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The controller has reported some kind of error, either `hard'
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(unrecoverable) or `soft' (recoverable). If the controller is going on
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(attempting to fix the problem), this message includes the remark
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`(continuing)'. Emulex controllers wrongly claim that all soft errors
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|
are hard errors. This message may be followed by
|
|
one of the following 5 messages, depending on its type, and will always
|
|
be followed by a failure detail message (also listed below).
|
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent
|
|
.It memory addr 0x%x
|
|
A host memory access error; this is the address that could not be
|
|
read.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "unit %d: level %d retry %d, %s %d"
|
|
A typical disk error; the retry count and error recovery levels are
|
|
printed, along with the block type (`lbn', or logical block; or `rbn',
|
|
or replacement block) and number. If the string is something else,
|
|
.Tn DEC
|
|
has been clever, or your hardware has gone to Australia for vacation
|
|
(unless you live there; then it might be in New Zealand, or Brazil).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It unit %d: %s %d
|
|
Also a disk error, but an `SDI' error, whatever that is. (I doubt
|
|
it has anything to do with Ronald Reagan.) This lists the block
|
|
type (`lbn' or `rbn') and number. This is followed by a second
|
|
message indicating a microprocessor error code and a front panel
|
|
code. These latter codes are drive-specific, and are intended to
|
|
be used by field service as an aid in locating failing hardware.
|
|
The codes for RA81s can be found in the
|
|
.%T RA81 Maintenance Guide ,
|
|
DEC order number AA-M879A-TC, in appendices E and F.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "unit %d: small disk error, cyl %d"
|
|
Yet another kind of disk error, but for small disks. (`That's what
|
|
it says, guv'nor. Dunnask me what it means.')
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "unit %d: unknown error, format 0x%x"
|
|
A mysterious error: the given format code is not known.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The detail messages are as follows:
|
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent
|
|
.It success (%s) (code 0, subcode %d)
|
|
Everything worked, but the controller thought it would let you know
|
|
that something went wrong. No matter what subcode, this can probably
|
|
be ignored.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "invalid command (%s) (code 1, subcode %d)"
|
|
This probably cannot occur unless the hardware is out; %s should be
|
|
`invalid msg length', meaning some command was too short or too long.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "command aborted (unknown subcode) (code 2, subcode %d)"
|
|
This should never occur, as the driver never aborts commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "unit offline (%s) (code 3, subcode %d)"
|
|
The drive is offline, either because it is not around (`unknown
|
|
drive'), stopped (`not mounted'), out of order (`inoperative'), has the
|
|
same unit number as some other drive (`duplicate'), or has been
|
|
disabled for diagnostics (`in diagnosis').
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "unit available (unknown subcode) (code 4, subcode %d)"
|
|
The controller has decided to report a perfectly normal event as
|
|
an error. (Why?)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "media format error (%s) (code 5, subcode %d)"
|
|
The drive cannot be used without reformatting. The Format Control
|
|
Table cannot be read (`fct unread - edc'), there is a bad sector
|
|
header (`invalid sector header'), the drive is not set for 512-byte
|
|
sectors (`not 512 sectors'), the drive is not formatted (`not formatted'),
|
|
or the
|
|
.Tn FCT
|
|
has an uncorrectable
|
|
.Tn ECC
|
|
error (`fct ecc').
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "write protected (%s) (code 6, subcode %d)"
|
|
The drive is write protected, either by the front panel switch
|
|
(`hardware') or via the driver (`software'). The driver never
|
|
sets software write protect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "compare error (unknown subcode) (code 7, subcode %d)"
|
|
A compare operation showed some sort of difference. The driver
|
|
never uses compare operations.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "data error (%s) (code 7, subcode %d)"
|
|
Something went wrong reading or writing a data sector. A `forced
|
|
error' is a software-asserted error used to mark a sector that contains
|
|
suspect data. Rewriting the sector will clear the forced error. This
|
|
is normally set only during bad block replacment, and the driver does
|
|
no bad block replacement, so these should not occur. A `header
|
|
compare' error probably means the block is shot. A `sync timeout'
|
|
presumably has something to do with sector synchronisation.
|
|
An `uncorrectable ecc' error is an ordinary data error that cannot
|
|
be fixed via
|
|
.Tn ECC
|
|
logic. A `%d symbol ecc' error is a data error
|
|
that can be (and presumably has been) corrected by the
|
|
.Tn ECC
|
|
logic.
|
|
It might indicate a sector that is imperfect but usable, or that
|
|
is starting to go bad. If any of these errors recur, the sector
|
|
may need to be replaced.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "host buffer access error (%s) (code %d, subcode %d)"
|
|
Something went wrong while trying to copy data to or from the host
|
|
(Vax). The subcode is one of `odd xfer addr', `odd xfer count',
|
|
`non-exist. memory', or `memory parity'. The first two could be a
|
|
software glitch; the last two indicate hardware problems.
|
|
.It controller error (%s) (code %d, subcode %d)
|
|
The controller has detected a hardware error in itself. A
|
|
`serdes overrun' is a serialiser / deserialiser overrun; `edc'
|
|
probably stands for `error detection code'; and `inconsistent
|
|
internal data struct' is obvious.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It "drive error (%s) (code %d, subcode %d)"
|
|
Either the controller or the drive has detected a hardware error
|
|
in the drive. I am not sure what an `sdi command timeout' is, but
|
|
these seem to occur benignly on occasion. A `ctlr detected protocol'
|
|
error means that the controller and drive do not agree on a protocol;
|
|
this could be a cabling problem, or a version mismatch. A `positioner'
|
|
error means the drive seek hardware is ailing; `lost rd/wr ready'
|
|
means the drive read/write logic is sick; and `drive clock dropout'
|
|
means that the drive clock logic is bad, or the media is hopelessly
|
|
scrambled. I have no idea what `lost recvr ready' means. A `drive
|
|
detected error' is a catch-all for drive hardware trouble; `ctlr
|
|
detected pulse or parity' errors are often caused by cabling problems.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr disklabel 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
driver appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|