136 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
136 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
.TH ALIASES 5
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.ad
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.fi
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.SH NAME
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aliases
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\-
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format of the Postfix alias database
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.fi
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\fBpostalias\fR [\fB-c\fR \fIconfig_dir\fR] [\fB-v\fR]
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[\fIfile_type\fR:]\fIinput_file\fR
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.ad
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.fi
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The \fBaliases\fR file provides a system-wide mechanism to
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redirect mail for local recipients.
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The file serves as input to the \fBpostalias\fR(1) command. The
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result, an indexed file in \fBdbm\fR or \fBdb\fR format, is
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used for fast lookup by the mail system. After an update
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it may take a minute or so before the change becomes visible.
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Issue a \fBpostfix reload\fR command to eliminate the delay.
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The input and output file formats are expected to be compatible
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with Sendmail version 8, and are expected to be suitable for the
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use as NIS maps.
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Users can control delivery of their own mail by setting
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up \fB.forward\fR files in their home directory.
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Lines in per-user \fB.forward\fR files have the same syntax
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as the right-hand side of \fBaliases\fR entries.
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The format of the alias database input file is as follows:
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.IP \(bu
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An alias definition has the form
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.sp
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.ti +5
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\fIname\fR: \fIvalue1\fR, \fIvalue2\fR, \fI...\fR
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.IP \(bu
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Lines that begin with whitespace continue the previous line.
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.IP \(bu
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Blank lines are ignored, as are lines beginning with `#'.
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.PP
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The \fIname\fR is a local address (no domain part).
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Use double quotes when the name contains any special characters
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such as whitespace, `#', `:', or `@'. The \fIname\fR is folded to
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lowercase, in order to make database lookups case insensitive.
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.PP
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In addition, when an alias exists for \fBowner-\fIname\fR, delivery
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diagnostics are directed to that address, instead of to the originator.
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This is typically used to direct delivery errors to the owner of
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a mailing list, who is in a better position to deal with mailing
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list delivery problems than the originator of the undelivered mail.
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.PP
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The \fIvalue\fR contains one or more of the following:
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.IP \fIaddress\fR
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Mail is forwarded to \fIaddress\fR, which is compatible
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with the RFC 822 standard.
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.IP \fI/file/name\fR
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Mail is appended to \fI/file/name\fR. See \fBlocal\fR(8)
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for details of delivery to file.
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Delivery is not limited to regular files. For example, to dispose
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of unwanted mail, deflect it to \fB/dev/null\fR.
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.IP "|\fIcommand\fR"
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Mail is piped into \fIcommand\fR. Commands that contain special
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characters, such as whitespace, should be enclosed between double
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quotes. See \fBlocal\fR(8) for details of delivery to command.
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.sp
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When the command fails, a limited amount of command output is
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mailed back to the sender. The file \fB/usr/include/sysexits.h\fR
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defines the expected exit status codes. For example, use
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\fB|"exit 67"\fR to simulate a "user unknown" error, and
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\fB|"exit 0"\fR to implement an expensive black hole.
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.IP \fB:include:\fI/file/name\fR
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Mail is sent to the destinations listed in the named file.
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Lines in \fB:include:\fR files have the same syntax
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as the right-hand side of alias entries.
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.sp
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A destination can be any destination that is described in this
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manual page. However, delivery to "|\fIcommand\fR" and
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\fI/file/name\fR is disallowed by default. To enable, edit the
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\fBallow_mail_to_commands\fR and \fBallow_mail_to_files\fR
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configuration parameters.
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.SH ADDRESS EXTENSION
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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When alias database search fails, and the recipient localpart
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contains the optional recipient delimiter (e.g., \fIuser+foo\fR),
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the search is repeated for the unextended address (e.g., \fIuser\fR).
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.SH CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
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.fi
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The following \fBmain.cf\fR parameters are especially relevant to
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this topic. See the Postfix \fBmain.cf\fR file for syntax details
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and for default values. Use the \fBpostfix reload\fR command after
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a configuration change.
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.IP \fBalias_maps\fR
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List of alias databases.
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.IP \fBallow_mail_to_commands\fR
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Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external command.
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.IP \fBallow_mail_to_files\fR
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Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external file.
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.IP \fBowner_request_special\fR
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Give special treatment to \fBowner-\fIxxx\fR and \fIxxx\fB-request\fR
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addresses.
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.IP \fBrecipient_delimiter\fR
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Delimiter that separates recipients from address extensions.
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.SH STANDARDS
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.na
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.nf
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RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages)
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.nf
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local(8) local delivery agent
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postalias(1) alias database management
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.SH LICENSE
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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.SH AUTHOR(S)
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.nf
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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