167 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
167 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: pwd_mkdb.8,v 1.20 2003/08/07 11:25:39 agc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)pwd_mkdb.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
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.\"
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.Dd April 27, 1995
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.Dt PWD_MKDB 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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.Nd "generate the password databases"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl BLps
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.Op Fl d Ar directory
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.Op Fl u Ar username
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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creates
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.Xr db 3
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style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
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These databases are then installed into
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.Dq Pa /etc/spwd.db
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and
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.Dq Pa /etc/pwd.db
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respectively.
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The file is installed into
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.Dq Pa /etc/master.passwd .
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The file must be in the correct format (see
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.Xr passwd 5 ) .
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It is important to note that the format used in this system is
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different from the historic Version 7 style format.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl B
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Store data in big-endian format.
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.It Fl L
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Store data in little-endian format.
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.It Fl d Ar directory
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Change the root directory of the generated files from
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.Dq Pa /
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to
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.Ar directory .
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.It Fl p
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Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
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.Dq Pa /etc/passwd .
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.It Fl s
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Update the secure database only. This is useful when only encrypted
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passwords have changed. This option negates the effect of any
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.Fl p
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option.
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.It Fl u Ar name
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Don't re-build the database files, but instead modify or add entries for the
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specified user only. This option may only be used when the line number and
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user name in the password file have not changed, or when adding a new user
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from the last line in the password file.
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.El
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.Pp
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The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
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encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk (``*'').
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.Pp
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The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
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.Xr getpwent 3 ) .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The current password file.
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db
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The insecure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db
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The secure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr rename 2
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to install them.
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This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
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on the same file system as the
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.Dq Pa /etc
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directory.
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.Pp
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There are the obvious races with multiple people running
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.Nm
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on different password files at the same time.
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The front-ends to
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr useradd 8 ,
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.Xr userdel 8 ,
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.Xr usermod 8 ,
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and
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.Xr vipw 8
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handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.
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.Pp
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The database files are copied when the
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.Fl u
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option is used. Real locking would make this unnecessary.
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.Pp
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Although the DB format is endian-transparent, the data stored in the DB is
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not. Also, the format doesn't lend itself to insertion or removal of
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records from arbitrary locations in the password file. This is difficult to
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fix without breaking compatibility.
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.Pp
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Using the
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.Fl u
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option on a system where multiple users share the same UID can have
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unexpected results.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
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.Nm
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which built
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.Em dbm
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style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
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to install them.
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The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
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not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr db 3 ,
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.Xr getpwent 3 ,
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.Xr pw_mkdb 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr useradd 8 ,
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.Xr userdel 8 ,
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.Xr usermod 8 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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