329 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
329 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: stat.2,v 1.35 2005/12/26 19:40:15 perry Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
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.\"
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.Dd May 1, 1995
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.Dt STAT 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm stat ,
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.Nm lstat ,
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.Nm fstat
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.Nd get file status
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/stat.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn stat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb"
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.Ft int
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.Fn lstat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn stat
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function obtains information about the file pointed to by
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.Fa path .
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Read, write or execute
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permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
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listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
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.Pp
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.Fn lstat
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is like
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.Fn stat
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except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link,
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in which case
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.Fn lstat
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returns information about the link,
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while
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.Fn stat
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returns information about the file the link references.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fstat
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function obtains the same information about an open file
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known by the file descriptor
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.Fa fd .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa sb
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argument is a pointer to a
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.Fa stat
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structure
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as defined by
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.Aq Pa sys/stat.h
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(shown below)
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and into which information is placed concerning the file.
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.Bd -literal
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struct stat {
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dev_t st_dev; /* device containing the file */
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ino_t st_ino; /* file's serial number */
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mode_t st_mode; /* file's mode (protection and type) */
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nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links to the file */
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uid_t st_uid; /* user-id of owner */
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gid_t st_gid; /* group-id of owner */
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dev_t st_rdev; /* device type, for device special file */
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#if defined(_NETBSD_SOURCE)
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struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
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struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
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struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last file status change */
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#else
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time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */
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long st_atimensec; /* nsec of last access */
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time_t st_mtime; /* time of last data modification */
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long st_mtimensec; /* nsec of last data modification */
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time_t st_ctime; /* time of last file status change */
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long st_ctimensec; /* nsec of last file status change */
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#endif
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off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
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blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
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blksize_t st_blksize; /* optimal file sys I/O ops blocksize */
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uint32_t st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
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uint32_t st_gen; /* file generation number */
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#if defined(_NETBSD_SOURCE)
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struct timespec st_birthtimespec; /* time of inode creation */
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#else
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time_t st_birthtime; /* time of inode creation */
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long st_birthtimensec; /* nsec of inode creation */
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#endif
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The time-related fields of
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.Fa struct stat
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width XXXst_birthtime
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.It st_atime
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Time when file data was last accessed.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr read 2
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system calls.
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.It st_mtime
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Time when file data was last modified.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.It st_ctime
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Time when file status was last changed (file metadata modification).
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Changed by the
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.Xr chflags 2 ,
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr link 2 ,
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr rename 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.It st_birthtime
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Time when the inode was created.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Dv _NETBSD_SOURCE
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is defined, the time-related fields are defined as:
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.Bd -literal
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#if defined(_NETBSD_SOURCE)
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#define st_atime st_atimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_atimensec st_atimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_mtime st_mtimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_mtimensec st_mtimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_ctime st_ctimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_ctimensec st_ctimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_birthtime st_birthtimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_birthtimensec st_birthtimespec.tv_nsec
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#endif
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The size-related fields of the
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.Fa struct stat
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width XXXst_blksize
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.It st_size
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The size of the file in bytes.
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A directory will be a multiple of the size of the
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.Xr dirent 5
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structure.
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.It st_blksize
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The optimal I/O block size for the file.
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.It st_blocks
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The actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
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As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
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be zero.
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.El
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.Pp
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The status information word
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.Fa st_mode
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has the following bits:
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.Bd -literal
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#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */
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#define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
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#define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
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#define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
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#define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
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#define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
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#define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
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#define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
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#define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
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#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
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#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
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#define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
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#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
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#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
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#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
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#define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* read permission, group */
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#define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* write permission, group */
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#define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* execute/search permission, group */
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#define S_IROTH 0000004 /* read permission, other */
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#define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* write permission, other */
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#define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* execute/search permission, other */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For a list of access modes, see
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.Aq Pa sys/stat.h ,
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.Xr access 2
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and
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.Xr chmod 2 .
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.Pp
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The status information word
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.Fa st_flags
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has the following bits:
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.Bd -literal
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#define UF_NODUMP 0x00000001 /* do not dump file */
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#define UF_IMMUTABLE 0x00000002 /* file may not be changed */
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#define UF_APPEND 0x00000004 /* writes to file may only append */
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#define UF_OPAQUE 0x00000008 /* directory is opaque wrt. union */
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#define SF_ARCHIVED 0x00010000 /* file is archived */
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#define SF_IMMUTABLE 0x00020000 /* file may not be changed */
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#define SF_APPEND 0x00040000 /* writes to file may only append */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For a description of the flags, see
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.Xr chflags 2 .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned.
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Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system used different types for the
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.Li st_dev ,
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.Li st_uid ,
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.Li st_gid ,
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.Li st_rdev ,
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.Li st_size ,
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.Li st_blksize
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and
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.Li st_blocks
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fields.
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Fn stat
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and
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.Fn lstat
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will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
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A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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A component of a pathname exceeded
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.Dv {NAME_MAX}
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characters, or an entire path name exceeded
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.Dv {PATH_MAX}
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characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The named file does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa sb
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or
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.Em name
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points to an invalid address.
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.It Bq Er ENXIO
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The named file is a character special or block
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special file, and the device associated with this special file
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does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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A badly formed v-node was encountered.
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This can happen if a file system information node is incorrect.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.Fn fstat
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will fail if:
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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.Fa fd
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is not a valid open file descriptor.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa sb
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points to an invalid address.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chflags 2 ,
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2 ,
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.Xr dir 5 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn stat
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and
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.Fn fstat
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functions conform to
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.St -p1003.1-90 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Fn lstat
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function call appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Applying
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.Fn fstat
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to a socket (and thus to a pipe)
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returns a zero'd buffer,
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except for the blocksize field,
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and a unique device and file serial number.
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