629 lines
18 KiB
Groff
629 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.66 2003/08/07 10:04:24 agc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ifconfig.8 8.4 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
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.\"
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.Dd April 11, 2003
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Ar interface address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Lmvz
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.Ar interface
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.Op Ar protocol_family
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl bdLmsuvz
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.Op Ar protocol_family
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.Nm
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl bdsu
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.Nm
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.Fl s
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.Ar interface
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.Nm
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.Fl C
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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.Nm
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must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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Available operands for
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA-Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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addresses are
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.Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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where
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.Ar net
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is the assigned network number
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.Pq in decimal ,
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and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.Ar a
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through
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.Ar f ,
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are specified in hexadecimal.
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The host number may be omitted on Ethernet interfaces,
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which use the hardware physical address,
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and on interfaces other than the first.
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For the
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.Tn ISO
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family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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as in the Xerox family.
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However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to
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.Pq carefully
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count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specifies the
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.Ar address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq ns .
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.It Ar interface
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The
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.Ar interface
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq en0
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the specified network address alias.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses
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.Pq default .
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and Ethernet addresses.
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.It Fl arp
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Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
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.It Cm anycast
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.Pq inet6 only
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Set the IPv6 anycast address bit.
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.It Fl anycast
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.Pq inet6 only
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Clear the IPv6 anycast address bit.
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.It Cm broadcast Ar mask
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.Pq Inet only
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.ne 1i
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.It Cm delete
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.Cm delete
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does not work for IPv6 addresses.
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Use
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.Fl alias
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with explicit IPv6 address instead.
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Cm down
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Mark an interface ``down''.
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When an interface is
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marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.It Cm ipdst
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This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
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An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
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of the destination.
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IP encapsulation of
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.Tn CLNP
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packets is done differently.
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.It Cm media Ar type
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Set the media type of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors.
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For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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or twisted pair connectors.
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Setting the media type to
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.Dq 10base5
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or
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.Dq AUI
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would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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Setting it to
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.Dq 10baseT
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or
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.Dq UTP
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would activate twisted pair.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver
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specific man page for a complete list of the available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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Set the specified media options on the interface.
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.Ar opts
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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Disable the specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm instance Ar minst
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Set the media instance to
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.Ar minst .
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This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
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.Pq PHYs .
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Setting the instance on such devices may not be strictly required
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by the network interface driver as the driver may take care of this
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automatically; see the driver's manual page for more information.
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.It Cm metric Ar n
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Set the routing metric of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default 0.
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The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
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.Pq Xr routed 8 .
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Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
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less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
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to the destination network or host.
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.It Cm mtu Ar n
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Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
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.Ar n .
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Most interfaces don't support this option.
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.It Cm netmask Ar mask
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.Pq inet, inet6, and ISO
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Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
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networks into sub-networks.
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The mask includes the network part of the local address
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and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
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The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
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with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
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or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
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.Xr networks 5 .
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The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
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which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
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and 0's for the host part.
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The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
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and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
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portion.
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.Pp
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For INET and INET6 addresses, the netmask can also be given with
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slash-notation after the address
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.Pq e.g 192.168.17.3/24 .
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.\" see
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.\" Xr eon 5 .
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.It Cm nsellength Ar n
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.Pf ( Tn ISO
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only)
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This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
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.Tn NSAP
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used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
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taken to be the
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.Tn NET
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.Pq Network Entity Title .
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The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
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.Tn GOSIP .
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When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
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it is really the
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.Tn NSAP
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which is being specified.
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For example, in
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.Tn US GOSIP ,
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20 hex digits should be
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specified in the
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.Tn ISO NSAP
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to be assigned to the interface.
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There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
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for
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.Tn AFI
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37 type addresses.
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.It Cm nwid Ar id
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Configure network ID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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The
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.Ar id
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can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
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or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
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The empty string allows the interface to connect to any available
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access points.
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.It Cm nwkey Ar key
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
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with the
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.Ar key .
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The
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.Ar key
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can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits, or a set of keys
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in the form
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.Ar n:k1,k2,k3,k4 ,
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where
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.Ar n
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specifies which of keys will be used for all transmitted packets,
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and four keys,
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.Ar k1
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through
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.Ar k4 ,
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are configured as WEP keys.
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Note that the order must be match within same network if multiple keys
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are used.
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For IEEE 802.11 wireless network, the length of each key is restricted to
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40 bits, i.e. 5-character string or 10 hexadecimal digits,
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while the WaveLAN/IEEE Gold cards accept the 104 bits
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.Pq 13 characters
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key.
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.It Cm nwkey Cm persist
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
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with the persistent key written in the network card.
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.It Cm nwkey Cm persist: Ns Ar key
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Write the
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.Ar key
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to the persistent memory of the network card, and
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enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
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with the
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.Ar key .
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.It Fl nwkey
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Disable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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.It Cm powersave
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Enable 802.11 power saving mode.
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.It Fl powersave
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Disable 802.11 power saving mode.
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.It Cm powersavesleep Ar duration
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Set the receiver sleep duration in milliseconds for 802.11 power saving mode.
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.It Cm bssid Ar bssid
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Set the desired BSSID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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.It Fl bssid
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Unset the desired BSSID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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The interface will automatically select a BSSID in this mode, which is
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the default.
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.It Cm chan Ar chan
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Select the channel
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.Pq radio frequency
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to be used for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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.It Fl chan
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.Pq IEEE 802.11 devices only
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Unset the desired channel to be used
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for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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It doesn't effect the channel to be created for IBSS or hostap mode.
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.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr Ar dest_addr
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.Pq IP tunnel devices only
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Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces, including
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.Xr gif 4 .
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The arguments
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.Ar src_addr
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and
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.Ar dest_addr
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are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
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IPv4/IPv6 header.
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.It Cm deletetunnel
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Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces previously configured with
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.Cm tunnel .
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.It Cm create
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Create the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm destroy
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Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm pltime Ar n
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.Pq inet6 only
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Set preferred lifetime for the address.
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.It Cm prefixlen Ar n
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.Pq inet and inet6 only
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Effect is similar to
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.Cm netmask .
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but you can specify by prefix length by digits.
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.It Cm deprecated
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.Pq inet6 only
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Set the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
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.It Fl deprecated
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.Pq inet6 only
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Clear the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
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.It Cm tentative
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.Pq inet6 only
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Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
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.It Fl tentative
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.Pq inet6 only
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Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
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.It Cm eui64
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.Pq inet6 only
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Fill interface index
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.Pq lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address
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automatically.
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.It Cm link[0-2]
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Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
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These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
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they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
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An example
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of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
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for some ethernet cards.
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Refer to the man page for the specific driver
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for more information.
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.ne 1i
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.It Fl link[0-2]
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Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
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.It Cm up
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Mark an interface ``up''.
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This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
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It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
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If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
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the hardware will be re-initialized.
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.It Cm vlan Ar tag
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If the interface is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo-interface, set the VLAN tag to
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.Ar tag .
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This is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q VLAN header for
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packets sent from the
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.Xr vlan 4
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interface.
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Note that
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.Cm vlan
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and
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.Cm vlanif
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must be set at the same time.
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.It Cm vlanif Ar iface
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If the interface is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo-interface, associate the physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with it.
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|
Packets transmitted through the
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.Xr vlan 4
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interface will be diverted to the specified physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
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|
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
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|
by the physical interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to the
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|
associated
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo-interface.
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|
The VLAN interface is assigned a copy of the physical
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|
interface's flags and
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|
.Tn Ethernet
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|
address.
|
|
If the
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.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface already has a physical interface associated with it, this command
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|
will fail.
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|
To change the association to another physical interface, the
|
|
existing association must be cleared first.
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|
Note that
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.Cm vlanif
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and
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|
.Cm vlan
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|
must be set at the same time.
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|
.It Cm vltime Ar n
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.Pq inet6 only
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|
Set valid lifetime for the address.
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|
.It Cm ip4csum
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|
Enable hardware-assisted IPv4 header checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm -ip4csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted IPv4 header checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
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|
.It Cm tcp4csum
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|
Enable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm -tcp4csum
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|
Disable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm udp4csum
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|
Enable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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support it.
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.It Cm -udp4csum
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|
Disable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm tcp6csum
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|
Enable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm -tcp6csum
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|
Disable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm udp6csum
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|
Enable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm -udp6csum
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|
Disable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it.
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|
.It Cm tcp4csum-rx
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|
Enable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it only for the in-bound direction.
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|
.It Cm -tcp4csum-rx
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
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|
support it only for the in-bound direction.
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|
.It Cm udp4csum-rx
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|
Enable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it only for the in-bound direction.
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|
.It Cm -udp4csum-rx
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|
Disable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it only for the in-bound direction.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm
|
|
displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol
|
|
family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to query the interface for its media status.
|
|
If the
|
|
interface supports reporting media status, and it reports that it does
|
|
not appear to be connected to a network,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will exit with status of 1
|
|
.Pq false ;
|
|
otherwise, it will exit with a
|
|
zero
|
|
.Pq true
|
|
exit status.
|
|
Not all interface drivers support media
|
|
status reporting.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display all of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are down,
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up,
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
limits this to broadcast interfaces, and
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
omits interfaces which appear not to be connected to a network.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
.Pq only list interfaces that are down ,
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
.Pq only list interfaces that are up ,
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
.Pq only list interfaces that may be connected ,
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
.Pq only list broadcast interfaces .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is
|
|
mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag prints statistics on packets sent and received on the given
|
|
interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl z
|
|
flag is identical to the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag except that it zeros the interface input and output statistics
|
|
after printing them.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ifconfig.if 5 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|