516 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
516 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.38 2006/11/27 01:57:25 hubertf Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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.(Note
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There may be updates to this procedure available from the
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.Nx*M
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web page at
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http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/\*M/ .
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.Note)
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.Pp
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To install or upgrade
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.Nx ,
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you need to first boot an installation
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program and then interact with the screen-menu program
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.Ic sysinst .
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The installation program actually consists of the
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.Nx
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kernel plus
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an in-memory file system of utility programs.
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.Pp
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From most convenient to least convenient, the installation methods
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are:
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.(enum
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Installation from an existing
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.Nx
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or
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.Tn Ultrix
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system by booting the
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install kernel from an existing root file system
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.Pq Pa / .
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See the
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.Sx Installing from an existing system
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section later in these INSTALL notes.
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.It
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Copying a bootable diskimage onto the beginning of a disk and installing
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onto that disk.
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See the
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.Sx Install via diskimage
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section later in these INSTALL notes.
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.It
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Booting the install kernel over the network and installing onto a local
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disk.
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See the
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.Sx Install via netboot install kernel
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section later in these INSTALL notes.
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.It
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Using a helper machine with a SCSI controller to copy the bootable
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diskimage onto the beginning of a disk, and moving the disk to the
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target machine.
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See the
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.Sx Install via diskimage
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section later in these INSTALL notes.
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.It
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For machines with some PROMs that cannot netboot standard kernels, you
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will need to set up an NFS server with a diskless root file system for
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trimmed-down network install kernel and run the installation system from
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the NFS root file system.
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See the
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.Sx Install via diskless boot
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section later in these INSTALL notes.
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.enum)
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.Pp
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You should familiarize yourself with the console PROM environment
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and the hardware configuration.
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The PROMs on the older DECstation 2100 and 3100 use one syntax.
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The PROMs on the TurboChannel machines use a completely different syntax.
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Be sure you know how to print the configuration of your machine,
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and how to boot from disk or network, as appropriate.
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.Pp
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To boot from disk, use:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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To boot via TFTP, use:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f tftp()"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 6/tftp"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/tftp"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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To boot via MOP, use:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f mop()"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 6/mop"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/mop"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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You will also need to know the total size (in sectors) and the
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approximate geometry of the disks you are installing onto, so that you
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can label your disks for the
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.Bx
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fast file system (FFS).
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For most SCSI drives (including all SCSI-2 drives),
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the kernel will correctly detect the disk geometry.
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The
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.Ic sysinst
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tool will suggest these as the default.
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.Pp
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If you're installing
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.Nx*M
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for the first time it's a very
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good idea to pre-plan partition sizes for the disks on which you're
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installing
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.Nx .
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Changing the size of partitions after you've installed is difficult.
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If you do not have a spare bootable disk, it may be simpler to re-install
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.Nx
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again from scratch.
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.Pp
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Assuming a classic partition scheme with separate
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.Pa /
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(root)
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and
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.Pa /usr
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file systems, a comfortable size for the
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.Nx
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.Pa /
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partition is about 64 MB.
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A good initial size for the swap partition is twice the
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amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
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.Tn Ultrix ,
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there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render
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part of your memory unusable).
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The default swap size is 64 MB, which
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is adequate for doing a full system build.
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A full binary installation, with X11R6 takes about 315 MB in
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.Pa /usr ;
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a 350 MB
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.Pa /usr
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should be ample.
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.
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.Ss2 Install via a NetBSD CD-ROM
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.
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You can obtain the disk image or diskless boot tar file from the
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.Nx \*V
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.Tn CD-ROM .
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.Pp
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To mount the CD-ROM from a
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.Nx*M
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host, type
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mount -r -t cd9660 /dev/cd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c /mnt"
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.Pp
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and from an
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.Tn Ultrix
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host
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mount -r -t cdfs -o nodefperm,noversion /dev/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c /mnt"
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar X
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is the SCSI-ID of the CD-ROM.
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.(Note
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.Tn Ultrix
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does not have Rock Ridge extensions so leave out everything
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between the first and last period
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.Pq Sq \&.
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in the paths on the CD.
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For example, the path
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.Pa NetBSD-1.4.3
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would show up as
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.Pa NetBSD-1.3 .
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.Note)
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.Pp
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The diskimage file can be found on the CD-ROM at the following location
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(relative to the mount point of the CD)
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.Pp
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.Dl Pa \*M/installation/diskimage/diskimage.gz
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.Pp
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and the diskless boot tar file can be found at
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.Pp
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.Dl Pa \*M/installation/netboot/diskimage.tgz
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.Pp
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Once you have located these files, continue on to either
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.Sx Install via netboot install kernel ,
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.Sx Install via diskless boot ,
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.Sx Install via diskimage
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or
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.Sx Installing from an existing system
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section later in the INSTALL notes.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing from an existing system
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.
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.(Note
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If you are installing
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.Nx
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using an existing
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.Nx
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system that is older than
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.Nx 1.4 , you will need to install new bootblocks
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before installing
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.Nx \*V.
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New bootblocks are in the tar file:
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.Pp
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.Dl Pa \*M/binary/sets/base.tgz
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.Pp
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in the
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.Nx \*V
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distribution.
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To install the new bootblocks, use the following commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "cd /"
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.Dl # Ic "tar -zxpvf .../\*M/binary/sets/base.tgz ./boot.pmax ./usr/mdec"
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.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/installboot /dev/rrz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs"
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar X
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is your boot disk SCSI-ID.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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With new
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.Nx
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bootblocks or using the
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.Tn Ultrix
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bootloader, you can boot the kernel located in:
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.Pp
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.Dl Pa \*M/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz
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.Pp
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On
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.Tn Ultrix
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systems you will need to
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.Ic gunzip
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this kernel before booting it.
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.Pp
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Then boot using one of:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd-INSTALL"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd-INSTALL"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd-INSTALL"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar X
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is your boot disk SCSI-ID, and continue to the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section
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.
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.Ss2 Install via diskimage
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.
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The diskimage file is in
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.Pp
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.Dl Pa \*M/installation/diskimage/diskimage.gz .
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.Pp
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It is shipped compressed and is around 1760 kbytes, uncompressing to
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exactly 2100 kbytes.
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.Pp
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To install the diskimage onto disk
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.Li sd Ns Ar X
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on a
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.Nx*M
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system, do:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c"
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz\ |\ dd of=/dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c bs=10240"
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.Pp
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When installing on a disk with no
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.Nx
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or
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.Tn Ultrix
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label, you may get a
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message like:
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.Pp
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.Dl sdX: WARNING: trying Ultrix label, no disk label
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.Pp
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or when installing on an old
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.Tn Ultrix
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disk, you may get a message like:
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.Pp
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.Dl sdX: WARNING: using ULTRIX partition information
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.Pp
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when issuing the
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.Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c"
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command.
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This can safely be ignored.
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.Pp
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On
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.Nx Ns /i386,
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the
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.Dq raw disk partition
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is the
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.Sq Li d
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partition, so do:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "d"
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz\ |\ dd of=/dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "d bs=10240"
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.Pp
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On
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.Nx ,
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be sure to use
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.Ic disklabel -W
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to enable writing to the label
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area of the disk.
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If you forget this and/or use the
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.Sq block
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device, the
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.Ic dd
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command may silently fail.
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.Pp
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On
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.Tn Ultrix
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systems, do:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz | dd of=/dev/rrz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c bs=10240"
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.Pp
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On
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.Tn MS-DOS ,
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use an
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.Sq unzip
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utility, then use
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.Ic rawrite .
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.Pp
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Then boot using one of:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar X
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is your boot disk SCSI-ID, and continue to the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section.
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.
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.Ss2 Install via netboot install kernel
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.
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Booting
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.Nx*M
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\*V install kernel over a network requires a BOOTP
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or DHCP server and a TFTP server.
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(These are usually all run on the same machine.)
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There are two basic stages to the boot:
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.Pp
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.
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.(bullet
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The \*M PROM software sends a BOOTP request to get its own address, the
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address of the TFTP server and the file to download.
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.It
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It downloads the file name obtained from BOOTP, which is the install
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kernel, via TFTP and then executes it.
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.bullet)
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.
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.Pp
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You will need to set up servers for BOOTP and TFTP.
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.Pp
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For the BOOTP server you need to specify the:
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.Pp
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.
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.(bullet -compact
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hardware type (Ethernet)
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.It
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hardware address (Ethernet MAC address)
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.It
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IP address of the client
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.It
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subnet mask of the client
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.It
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address of the TFTP server
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.It
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name of the kernel loaded via TFTP
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.bullet)
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.
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.Pp
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Here's an example for a
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.Ul
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system running
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.Ic bootpd :
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.(disp
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myhost.mydom.com:\e
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:ht=ethernet:ha=08002b123456:\e
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:ip=192.168.1.2:sm=255.255.255.0:\e
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:sa=192.168.1.1:bf=install:\e
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:rp=/usr/export/\*M:
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.disp)
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.Pp
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And here's an example for a
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.Ul
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system running the ISC
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.Ic dhcpd :
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.(disp
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host \*M {
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hardware ethernet 08:0:2b:12:34:56;
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fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
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option host-name "myhost.mydom.com";
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filename "install";
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option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
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option broadcast-address 255.255.255.0;
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option domain-name "my.domain";
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option root-path "/usr/export/\*M";
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}
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.disp)
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.Pp
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For the TFTP server, You will need to copy the
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.Ic install.ecoff
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kernel to the directory used by the TFTP server.
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This file must be gunzipped.
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.Pp
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Then boot using one of:
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.Pp
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.(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
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.It "2100 or 3100:"
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.Ic "boot -f tftp()"
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.It "5000/200:"
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.Ic "boot 6/tftp"
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.It "other 5000s:"
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.Ic "boot 3/tftp"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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and continue to the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section.
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.
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.Ss2 Install via diskless boot
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.
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The file
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.Pa \*M/installation/netboot/diskimage.tar.gz
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contains a suitable set of files for installing on an NFS server to set
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up a diskless root filesytem.
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(It is a tar copy of the contents of an
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installation ramdisk file system contained in the install kernel.)
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You will need to find an NFS server, unpack the tarfile, and setup
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BOOTP/dhcp service for your \*M.
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Instructions for setting up an NFS server and diskless booting are on the
|
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.Nx*M
|
|
netboot
|
|
webpage at
|
|
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/\*M/netboot.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Since the system install utility,
|
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.Ic sysinst ,
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requires a read/write root,
|
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installing via diskless boot is only feasible if your NFS server exports
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the diskless root read-write.
|
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If this is not possible, you should
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install via other of the other installation procedures.
|
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.Pp
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Once you have booted the kernel, continue to the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section.
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.
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.Ss2 Once you've booted the diskimage
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.
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Once you've booted the installation kernel you will need to
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select your terminal type.
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Use
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.Ic vt100
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for a framebuffer console or a serial console with a vt100-compatible terminal, or
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.Ic xterm
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or
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.Ic xterms
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for a
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.Xr tip 1
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or
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.Xr cu 1
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connection running in an
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.Xr xterm 1 .
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.Pp
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The system will then start the
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.Ic sysinst
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program.
|
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.so ../common/sysinst
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