411 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
411 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: postinstall,v 1.89 2021/05/27 15:47:42 martin Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2020 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few
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things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly
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configured state.
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The most important steps are described below.
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.(enum
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Before all else, read
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.Xr postinstall 8 .
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.It
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Configuring
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.Pp
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If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.Ic ( sysinst
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normally will),
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the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
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message
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.Pp
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.Dl /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
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.Pp
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and with the root file system
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.Pq Pa /
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mounted read-only.
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When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
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.Key RETURN
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to get to a
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.Pa /bin/sh
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prompt.
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If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
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.
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.ds termtype vt220
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.
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.ie \n[hp300] \{\
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.ds termtype hp300h
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console.
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[macppc] \{\
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.ds termtype vt100
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[pmax] \{\
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.ds termtype termtype
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the correct terminal type as discussed in the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section.
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
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.ds termtype sun
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial
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console (some systems display garbage with a
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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terminal type, you may need to use
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.Ic sun-ss5 )
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.ds termtype sun
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
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.\}
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.\}
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.\}
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.\}
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and press
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.Key RETURN .
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You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
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to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
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.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^h'"
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.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^?'"
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At this point, you need to configure at least
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one file in the
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.Pa /etc
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directory.
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You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
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.Dl # Ic "/sbin/mount -u -w /"
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Change to the
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.Pa /etc
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directory and take a look at the
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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file.
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Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
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.Li rc_configured=YES
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so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
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proceed.
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Default values for the various programs can be found in
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.Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf ,
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where some in-line documentation may be found.
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More complete documentation can be found in
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.Xr rc.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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When you have finished editing
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf ,
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type
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.Ic exit
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at the prompt to
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leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
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.Pp
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Other values that may need to be set in
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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for a networked environment are
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.Ar hostname
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and possibly
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.Ar defaultroute .
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You may also need to add an
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.Ar ifconfig_int
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for your
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.Aq int
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network interface,
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.ie \n[mac68k] \{\
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where your on-board, NuBus or PDS interface may be
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.Li ae0 ,
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.Li mc0
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or
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.Li sn0 .
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For example:
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[macppc] \{\
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where your on-board interfaces may be one of
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.Li mc0 ,
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.Li bm0 ,
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.Li tlp0
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or
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.Li gem0 .
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For example:
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.\}
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.el along the lines of
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.\}
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.Pp
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.
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.ds IFname le0
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.if \n[acorn32] .ds IFname ei0
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.if \n[amd64] .ds IFname wm0
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.if \n[arc] .ds IFname sn0
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.if \n[cats] .ds IFname tlp0
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.if \n[evbarm] .ds IFname awge0
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.if \n[hppa] .ds IFname ie0
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.if \n[hpcmips] .ds IFname ne0
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.if \n[hpcsh] .ds IFname ne0
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.if \n[i386] .ds IFname wm0
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.if \n[landisk] .ds IFname re0
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.if \n[mac68k] .ds IFname sn0
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.if \n[macppc] .ds IFname mc0
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.if \n[next68k] .ds IFname xe0
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.if \n[prep] .ds IFname pcn0
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.if \n[sandpoint] .ds IFname tlp0
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.if \n[sgimips] .ds IFname sq0
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.if \n[shark] .ds IFname cs0
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.if \n[sparc64] .ds IFname hme0
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.if \n[x68k] .ds IFname ne0
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.
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.Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0"
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.Pp
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or, if you have
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.Ar myname.my.dom
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in
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.Pa /etc/hosts :
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.Pp
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.Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
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.Pp
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To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
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.Xr named 8 .
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See
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.Xr resolv.conf 5
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or
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.Xr named 8
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for more information.
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.Pp
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Instead of manually configuring networking,
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DHCP can be used by setting
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.Li dhcpcd=YES
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in
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf .
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.if \n[shark] \{\
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.It
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Select the proper terminal devices
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.Pp
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You will have to edit the
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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file and change the console terminal type from vt100 to pc3.
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.\}
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.if \n[atari] \{\
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.It
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Select the proper terminal devices
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.Pp
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You will have to edit the
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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file.
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If you don't have a Milan, you must disable the
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.Pa ttyEx
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devices.
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For the Milan, you will have to disable the
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.Pa ttyex
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devices.
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This is easy, just change 'on' to 'off' on the corresponding lines.
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.\}
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.if \n[cats] \{\
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.Pp
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For the
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.Xr savecore 8
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facility to work with the a.out and elf kernel images supplied with
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\*M installations you will need to set
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.Li savecore_flags="-z -N /netbsd"
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.\}
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.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
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.It
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Select the proper terminal devices
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.Pp
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If you are using a serial console, you will have to edit the
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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file and change
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.if \n[sparc] sun
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.if \n[sparc64] sun-ss5
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to the appropriate terminal type, such as vt220.
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.\}
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.It
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Logging in
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.Pp
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After reboot, you can log in as
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.Li root
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at the login prompt.
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If you didn't set a password in
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.Ic sysinst ,
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there
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is no initial password.
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You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
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.Dq root
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account with good passwords.
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By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via
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.Xr ssh 1 ) .
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One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different
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user that belongs to group
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.Dq wheel
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(see
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.Xr group 5 )
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and use
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.Xr su 1
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to become root.
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.It
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Adding accounts
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.Pp
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Use the
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.Xr useradd 8
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command to add accounts to your system.
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Do not
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edit
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.Pa /etc/passwd
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directly! See
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.Xr vipw 8
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and
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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if you want to edit the password database.
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.if !\n[sun2] \{\
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.It
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The X Window System
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.Pp
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If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the
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chapter about X in the
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.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html "NetBSD Guide" :
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.if \n[hp300] \{\
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Also, you may want to read through the
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.Nx*M
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.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/hp300/faq.html#x11 "FAQ entry on X11" .
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.\}
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.if \n[mac68k] \{\
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.(tag [Color_X]
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.It [Color_X]
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Some systems are capable of supporting a color X Server in either thousands
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or millions of colors.
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The \*M port does not support resolution switching at this time.
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If your system is capable of running the color X Server it can be
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installed at this point and the Booter options can be
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modified to match the resolution depth.
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.tag)
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.\}
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.\}
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.It
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Installing third-party packages
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.Pp
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If you wish to install any of the software freely available for
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.Ul
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systems you are strongly advised to first check the
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.Nx
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package system, pkgsrc.
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pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the
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software run on
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.Nx .
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This includes the retrieval and installation of any other
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packages the software may depend upon.
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.Pp
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.(bullet
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More information on the package system is available at
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.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/software/packages.html
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.It
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A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at
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.Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/README.html
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.It
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Precompiled binaries can be found at
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.Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/
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usually in the
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.Pa \*M/\*V/All
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subdir.
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If you installed
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.Xr pkgin 1
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in the
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.Ic sysinst
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post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install
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binary packages over the network.
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Assuming that
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.Pa /usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf
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is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands:
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ic # pkgin install tcsh bash perl apache xfce4 firefox
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\&...
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The above command will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells,
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the Perl programming language, Apache web server, Xfce desktop
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environment and the Firefox web browser
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as well as all the packages they depend on.
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.Pp
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If it was not automatically installed,
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.Xr pkgin 1
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can be installed on a fresh
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.Nx
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system with
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.Xr pkg_add 1 :
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ic export PKG_PATH=https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/$(uname -p)/$(uname -r | cut -d_ -f1)/All
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.Ic pkg_add pkgin
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.Ed
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.It
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If you wish to use the
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.Xr pkgsrc 7
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framework for compiling packages and did not install it from the
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.Xr sysinst 8
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post-installation configuration menu, you can obtain it by retrieving
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the file
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.Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.tar.gz .
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It is typically extracted into
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.Pa /usr/pkgsrc
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(though other locations work fine) with the commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "cd /usr"
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.Dl # Ic "tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz"
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.Pp
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After extracting, see the
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.Pa doc/pkgsrc.txt
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file in the extraction directory (e.g.,
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.Pa /usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt )
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for more information.
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.bullet)
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.It
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Misc
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.(bullet
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/mail/aliases
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to forward root mail to the right place.
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Don't forget to run
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.Xr newaliases 1
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afterwards.
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.It
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/rc.local
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to run any local daemons you use.
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.It
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Many of the
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.Pa /etc
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files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic man 5 Ar filename
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.Pp
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is likely to give you more information on these files.
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.bullet)
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.enum)
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