551 lines
14 KiB
Groff
551 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: nslookup.8,v 1.3 2004/05/20 00:37:51 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989
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.\" -
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\" -
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.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
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.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
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.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
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.\" specific, written prior permission.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
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.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
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.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
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.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
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.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
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.\" SOFTWARE.
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.\" -
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.\" --Copyright--
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.\"
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.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
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.\"
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.Dd June 24, 1990
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.Dt NSLOOKUP 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm nslookup
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.Nd query Internet name servers interactively
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm nslookup
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.Op Fl option Ar ...
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.Op Ar host-to-find | Fl Op Ar server
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is a program to query Internet domain name servers.
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.Nm
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has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
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Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for
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information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts
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in a domain.
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Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information
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for a host or domain.
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.Sh ARGUMENTS
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Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used),
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.It
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when the first argument is a hyphen
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.Pq Sq \&-
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and the second argument
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is the host name or Internet address of a name server.
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.El
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.Pp
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Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
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of the host to be looked up
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is given as the first argument.
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The optional second argument specifies
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the host name or address of a name server.
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.Pp
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The options listed under the
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.Dq Li set
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command below can be specified in
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the
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.Pa .nslookuprc
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file in the user's home directory if they are listed
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one per line.
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Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede
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the arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen.
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For example, to change the default query type to host information,
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and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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nslookup -query=hinfo -timeout=10
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.Ed
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.Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
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Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
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To exit, type a control-D
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.Pq Dv EOF
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or type
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.Li exit .
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The command line length must be less than 256 characters.
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To treat a built-in command as a host name,
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precede it with an escape character
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.Pq Sq \e .
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.Em N.B.: An unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
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.Bl -tag -width "lserver"
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.It Ar host Op Ar server
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Look up information for
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.Ar host
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using the current default server or using
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.Ar server ,
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if specified.
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If
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.Ar host
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is an Internet address and the query type is
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.Dv A
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or
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.Dv PTR ,
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the name of the host is returned.
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If
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.Ar host
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is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default
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domain name is appended to the name.
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(This behavior depends on the state of the
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.Ic set
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options
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.Ic domain , srchlist , defname ,
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and
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.Ic search . )
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.Pp
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To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
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the name.
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.It Ic server Ar domain
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.It Ic lserver Ar domain
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Change the default server to
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.Ar domain ;
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.Ic lserver
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uses the initial server to look up information about
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.Ar domain ,
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while
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.Ic server
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uses the current default server.
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If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
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that might have the answer are returned.
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.It Ic root
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Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
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Currently, the host
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.Li ns.internic.net
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is used.
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(This command is a synonym for
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.Dq Ic lserver ns.internic.net . )
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The name of the root server can be changed with the
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.Dq Ic set root
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command.
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.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
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.Op Ic \*[Gt] Ar filename
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.Xc
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.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
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.Op Ic \*[Gt]\*[Gt] Ar filename
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.Xc
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Connects with the finger server on the current host.
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The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
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was successful and returned address information (see the
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.Dq Ic set querytype Ns = Ns Dv A
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command).
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The
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.Ar name
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is optional.
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.Ic \*[Gt]
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and
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.Ic \*[Gt]\*[Gt]
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can be used to redirect output in the usual manner.
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.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
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.Ar domain Op Ic \*[Gt] Ar filename
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.Xc
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.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
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.Ar domain Op Ic \*[Gt]\*[Gt] Ar filename
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.Xc
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List the information available for
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.Ar domain ,
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optionally creating or appending to
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.Ar filename .
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The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
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.Ar Option
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can be one of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width "-a "
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.It Fl t Ar querytype
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lists all records of the specified type (see
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.Ar querytype
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below).
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.It Fl a
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lists aliases of hosts in the domain;
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synonym for
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.Dq Fl t Dv CNAME .
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.It Fl d
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lists all records for the domain;
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synonym for
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.Dq Fl t Dv ANY .
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.It Fl h
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lists CPU and operating system information for the domain;
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synonym for
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.Dq Fl t Dv HINFO .
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.It Fl s
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lists well-known services of hosts in the domain;
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synonym for
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.Dq Fl t Dv WKS .
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.El
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.Pp
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When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
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50 records received from the server.
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.It Ic view Ar filename
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Sorts and lists the output of previous
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.Ic ls
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command(s) with
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.Xr more 1 .
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.It Ic help
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.It Ic ?\&
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Prints a brief summary of commands.
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.It Ic exit
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Exits the program.
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.It Xo
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.Ic set
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.Ar keyword Ns Op = Ns Ar value
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.Xc
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This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
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Valid keywords are:
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.Bl -tag -width "class=v"
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.It Ic all
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Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to
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.Ic set .
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Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
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.It Ic class Ns = Ns Ar value
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Change the query class to one of:
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.Bl -tag -width "HESIOD "
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.It Dv IN
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the Internet class
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.It Dv CHAOS
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the Chaos class
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.It Dv HESIOD
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the MIT Athena Hesiod class
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.It Dv ANY
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wildcard (any of the above)
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.El
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.Pp
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The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Dv IN ;
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abbreviation =
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.Ic cl )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic debug
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.Xc
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Turn debugging mode on.
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A lot more information is printed about the
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packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic nodebug ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic deb )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic d2
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.Xc
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Turn exhaustive debugging mode on.
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Essentially all fields of every packet are printed.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic nod2 )
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.It Ic domain Ns = Ns Ar name
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Change the default domain name to
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.Ar name .
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The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the
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state of the
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.Ic defname
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and
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.Ic search
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options.
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The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has
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at least two components in its name.
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For example, if the default domain
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is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU.
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Use the
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.Dq Ic set srchlist
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command to specify a different list.
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Use the
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.Dq Ic set all
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command to display the list.
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.Pp
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(Default = value from
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.Xr hostname 1 ,
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
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or
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.Ev LOCALDOMAIN ;
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abbreviation =
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.Ic do )
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.It Xo
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.Sm off
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.Ic srchlist No =
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.Ar name1 No /
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.Ar name2 No /
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.Ar ...
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.Sm on
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.Xc
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Change the default domain name to
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.Ar name1
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and the domain search list
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to
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.Ar name1 , name2 ,
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etc.
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A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes
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.Pq Sq /
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can be specified.
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For example,
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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set srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU
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.Ed
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.Pp
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sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names.
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This command overrides the
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default domain name and search list of the
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.Dq Ic set domain
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command.
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Use the
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.Dq Ic set all
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command to display the list.
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.Pp
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(Default = value based on
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.Xr hostname 1 ,
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
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or
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.Ev LOCALDOMAIN ;
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abbreviation =
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.Ic srchl )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic defname
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.Xc
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If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request
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(i.e., one that does not contain a period).
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic defname ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic defname )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic search
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.Xc
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If the lookup request contains at least one period but
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.Em doesn't
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end with a trailing period, append the domain names in the domain search list
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to the request until an answer is received.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic search ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic sea )
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.It Ic port Ns = Ns Ar value
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Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to
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.Ar value .
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.Pp
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(Default = 53;
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abbreviation =
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.Ic \&po )
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.It Ic querytype Ns = Ns Ar value
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.It Ic type Ns = Ns Ar value
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Change the type of information query to one of:
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.Bl -tag -width "HINFO "
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.It Dv A
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the host's Internet address.
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.It Dv CNAME
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the canonical name for an alias.
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.It Dv HINFO
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the host CPU and operating system type.
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.It Dv MINFO
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the mailbox or mail list information.
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.It Dv MX
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the mail exchanger.
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.It Dv NS
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the name server for the named zone.
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.It Dv PTR
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the host name if the query is an Internet address;
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otherwise, the pointer to other information.
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.It Dv SOA
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the domain's
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.Dq start-of-authority
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information.
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.It Dv TXT
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the text information.
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.It Dv UINFO
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the user information.
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.It Dv WKS
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the supported well-known services.
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.El
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.Pp
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Other types
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.Dv ( ANY , AXFR , MB ,
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.Dv MD , MF , NULL )
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are described in the RFC-1035 document.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Dv A ;
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abbreviations =
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.Ic q , ty )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic recurse
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.Xc
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Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
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information.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic recurse ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic rec )
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.It Ic retry Ns = Ns Ar number
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Set the number of retries to
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.Ar number .
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When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
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amount of time (changed with
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.Dq Ic set timeout ) ,
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the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent.
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The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
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.Pp
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(Default = 4, abbreviation =
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.Ic ret )
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.It Ic root Ns = Ns Ar host
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Change the name of the root server to
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.Ar host .
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This affects the
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.Dq Ic root
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command.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic ns.internic.net. ;
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abbreviation =
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.Ic ro )
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.It Ic timeout Ns = Ns Ar number
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Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a reply to
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.Ar number
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seconds.
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Each retry doubles the timeout period.
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.Pp
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(Default = 5 seconds; abbreviation =
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.Ic ti )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic vc
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.Xc
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Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic novc ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic v )
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.It Xo
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic ignoretc
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.Xc
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Ignore packet truncation errors.
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.Pp
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(Default =
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.Ic noignoretc ;
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abbreviation =
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.Oo Ic no Oc Ns Ic ig )
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.El
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width "HOSTALIASESXXXX" -compact
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.It Ev HOSTALIASES
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file containing host aliases
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.It Ev LOCALDOMAIN
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overrides default domain
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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initial domain name and name server addresses
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.It Pa $HOME/.nslookuprc
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user's initial options
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.It Pa /usr/share/misc/nslookup.help
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summary of commands
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
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Possible errors are:
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.Bl -tag -width "Timed"
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.It Li Timed out
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The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
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time (changed with
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.Dq Ic set timeout Ns = Ns Ar value )
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and a certain number of retries (changed with
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.Do
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.Ic set retry Ns = Ns Ar value
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.Dc ) .
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.It Li \&No response from server
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No name server is running on the server machine.
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.It Li \&No records
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The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the
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host, although the host name is valid.
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The query type is specified with the
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.Dq Ic set querytype
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command.
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.It Li Non-existent domain
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The host or domain name does not exist.
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.It Li Connection refused
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.It Li Network is unreachable
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The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
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at the current time.
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This error commonly occurs with
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.Ic ls
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and
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.Ic finger
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requests.
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.It Li Server failure
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|
The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
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and could not return a valid answer.
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.It Li Refused
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The name server refused to service the request.
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.It Li Format error
|
|
The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
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|
It may indicate an error in
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.Nm nslookup .
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.El
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|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr resolver 3 ,
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|
.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
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.Xr named 8
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.Rs
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.%A P.V. Mockapetris
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.%T Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities
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.%R RFC 1034
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.%D Nov 1, 1987
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.Re
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.Rs
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.%A P.V. Mockapetris
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.%T Domain Names - Implementation and Specification
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.%R RFC 1035
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.%D Nov 1, 1987
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.Re
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.Sh AUTHORS
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Andrew Cherenson
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