450 lines
14 KiB
Groff
450 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: openssl.cnf.5,v 1.16 2005/03/26 03:26:47 christos Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "CONFIG 5"
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.TH CONFIG 5 "2004-03-19" "0.9.7f" "OpenSSL"
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.SH "NAME"
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config \- OpenSSL CONF library configuration files
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The OpenSSL \s-1CONF\s0 library can be used to read configuration files.
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It is used for the OpenSSL master configuration file \fBopenssl.cnf\fR
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and in a few other places like \fB\s-1SPKAC\s0\fR files and certificate extension
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files for the \fBx509\fR utility. OpenSSL applications can also use the
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\&\s-1CONF\s0 library for their own purposes.
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.PP
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A configuration file is divided into a number of sections. Each section
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starts with a line \fB[ section_name ]\fR and ends when a new section is
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started or end of file is reached. A section name can consist of
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alphanumeric characters and underscores.
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.PP
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The first section of a configuration file is special and is referred
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to as the \fBdefault\fR section this is usually unnamed and is from the
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start of file until the first named section. When a name is being looked up
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it is first looked up in a named section (if any) and then the
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default section.
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.PP
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The environment is mapped onto a section called \fB\s-1ENV\s0\fR.
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.PP
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Comments can be included by preceding them with the \fB#\fR character
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.PP
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Each section in a configuration file consists of a number of name and
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value pairs of the form \fBname=value\fR
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.PP
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The \fBname\fR string can contain any alphanumeric characters as well as
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a few punctuation symbols such as \fB.\fR \fB,\fR \fB;\fR and \fB_\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBvalue\fR string consists of the string following the \fB=\fR character
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until end of line with any leading and trailing white space removed.
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.PP
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The value string undergoes variable expansion. This can be done by
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including the form \fB$var\fR or \fB${var}\fR: this will substitute the value
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of the named variable in the current section. It is also possible to
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substitute a value from another section using the syntax \fB$section::name\fR
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or \fB${section::name}\fR. By using the form \fB$ENV::name\fR environment
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variables can be substituted. It is also possible to assign values to
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environment variables by using the name \fBENV::name\fR, this will work
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if the program looks up environment variables using the \fB\s-1CONF\s0\fR library
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instead of calling \fB\f(BIgetenv()\fB\fR directly.
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.PP
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It is possible to escape certain characters by using any kind of quote
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or the \fB\e\fR character. By making the last character of a line a \fB\e\fR
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a \fBvalue\fR string can be spread across multiple lines. In addition
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the sequences \fB\en\fR, \fB\er\fR, \fB\eb\fR and \fB\et\fR are recognized.
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.SH "OPENSSL LIBRARY CONFIGURATION"
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.IX Header "OPENSSL LIBRARY CONFIGURATION"
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In OpenSSL 0.9.7 and later applications can automatically configure certain
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aspects of OpenSSL using the master OpenSSL configuration file, or optionally
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an alternative configuration file. The \fBopenssl\fR utility includes this
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functionality: any sub command uses the master OpenSSL configuration file
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unless an option is used in the sub command to use an alternative configuration
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file.
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.PP
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To enable library configuration the default section needs to contain an
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appropriate line which points to the main configuration section. The default
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name is \fBopenssl_conf\fR which is used by the \fBopenssl\fR utility. Other
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applications may use an alternative name such as \fBmyapplicaton_conf\fR.
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.PP
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The configuration section should consist of a set of name value pairs which
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contain specific module configuration information. The \fBname\fR represents
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the name of the \fIconfiguration module\fR the meaning of the \fBvalue\fR is
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module specific: it may, for example, represent a further configuration
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section containing configuration module specific information. E.g.
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& openssl_conf = openssl_init
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [openssl_init]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& oid_section = new_oids
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\& engines = engine_section
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [new_oids]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& ... new oids here ...
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [engine_section]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& ... engine stuff here ...
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.Ve
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.PP
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Currently there are two configuration modules. One for \s-1ASN1\s0 objects another
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for \s-1ENGINE\s0 configuration.
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.Sh "\s-1ASN1\s0 \s-1OBJECT\s0 \s-1CONFIGURATION\s0 \s-1MODULE\s0"
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.IX Subsection "ASN1 OBJECT CONFIGURATION MODULE"
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This module has the name \fBoid_section\fR. The value of this variable points
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to a section containing name value pairs of OIDs: the name is the \s-1OID\s0 short
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and long name, the value is the numerical form of the \s-1OID\s0. Although some of
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the \fBopenssl\fR utility sub commands already have their own \s-1ASN1\s0 \s-1OBJECT\s0 section
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functionality not all do. By using the \s-1ASN1\s0 \s-1OBJECT\s0 configuration module
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\&\fBall\fR the \fBopenssl\fR utility sub commands can see the new objects as well
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as any compliant applications. For example:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [new_oids]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& some_new_oid = 1.2.3.4
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\& some_other_oid = 1.2.3.5
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.Ve
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.Sh "\s-1ENGINE\s0 \s-1CONFIGURATION\s0 \s-1MODULE\s0"
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.IX Subsection "ENGINE CONFIGURATION MODULE"
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This \s-1ENGINE\s0 configuration module has the name \fBengines\fR. The value of this
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variable points to a section containing further \s-1ENGINE\s0 configuration
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information.
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.PP
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The section pointed to by \fBengines\fR is a table of engine names (though see
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\&\fBengine_id\fR below) and further sections containing configuration informations
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specific to each \s-1ENGINE\s0.
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.PP
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Each \s-1ENGINE\s0 specific section is used to set default algorithms, load
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dynamic, perform initialization and send ctrls. The actual operation performed
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depends on the \fIcommand\fR name which is the name of the name value pair. The
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currently supported commands are listed below.
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.PP
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For example:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [engine_section]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 4
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\& # Configure ENGINE named "foo"
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\& foo = foo_section
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\& # Configure ENGINE named "bar"
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\& bar = bar_section
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& [foo_section]
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\& ... foo ENGINE specific commands ...
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& [bar_section]
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\& ... "bar" ENGINE specific commands ...
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.Ve
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.PP
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The command \fBengine_id\fR is used to give the \s-1ENGINE\s0 name. If used this
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command must be first. For example:
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.PP
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.Vb 3
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\& [engine_section]
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\& # This would normally handle an ENGINE named "foo"
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\& foo = foo_section
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 3
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\& [foo_section]
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\& # Override default name and use "myfoo" instead.
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\& engine_id = myfoo
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.Ve
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.PP
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The command \fBdynamic_path\fR loads and adds an \s-1ENGINE\s0 from the given path. It
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is equivalent to sending the ctrls \fB\s-1SO_PATH\s0\fR with the path argument followed
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by \fB\s-1LIST_ADD\s0\fR with value 2 and \fB\s-1LOAD\s0\fR to the dynamic \s-1ENGINE\s0. If this is
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not the required behaviour then alternative ctrls can be sent directly
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to the dynamic \s-1ENGINE\s0 using ctrl commands.
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.PP
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The command \fBinit\fR determines whether to initialize the \s-1ENGINE\s0. If the value
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is \fB0\fR the \s-1ENGINE\s0 will not be initialized, if \fB1\fR and attempt it made to
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initialized the \s-1ENGINE\s0 immediately. If the \fBinit\fR command is not present
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then an attempt will be made to initialize the \s-1ENGINE\s0 after all commands in
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its section have been processed.
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.PP
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The command \fBdefault_algorithms\fR sets the default algorithms an \s-1ENGINE\s0 will
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supply using the functions \fB\f(BIENGINE_set_default_string()\fB\fR
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.PP
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If the name matches none of the above command names it is assumed to be a
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ctrl command which is sent to the \s-1ENGINE\s0. The value of the command is the
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argument to the ctrl command. If the value is the string \fB\s-1EMPTY\s0\fR then no
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value is sent to the command.
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.PP
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For example:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [engine_section]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& # Configure ENGINE named "foo"
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\& foo = foo_section
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 9
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\& [foo_section]
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\& # Load engine from DSO
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\& dynamic_path = /some/path/fooengine.so
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\& # A foo specific ctrl.
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\& some_ctrl = some_value
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\& # Another ctrl that doesn't take a value.
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\& other_ctrl = EMPTY
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\& # Supply all default algorithms
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\& default_algorithms = ALL
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.Ve
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.SH "NOTES"
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.IX Header "NOTES"
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If a configuration file attempts to expand a variable that doesn't exist
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then an error is flagged and the file will not load. This can happen
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if an attempt is made to expand an environment variable that doesn't
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exist. For example in a previous version of OpenSSL the default OpenSSL
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master configuration file used the value of \fB\s-1HOME\s0\fR which may not be
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defined on non Unix systems and would cause an error.
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.PP
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This can be worked around by including a \fBdefault\fR section to provide
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a default value: then if the environment lookup fails the default value
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will be used instead. For this to work properly the default value must
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be defined earlier in the configuration file than the expansion. See
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the \fB\s-1EXAMPLES\s0\fR section for an example of how to do this.
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.PP
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If the same variable exists in the same section then all but the last
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value will be silently ignored. In certain circumstances such as with
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DNs the same field may occur multiple times. This is usually worked
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around by ignoring any characters before an initial \fB.\fR e.g.
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& 1.OU="My first OU"
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\& 2.OU="My Second OU"
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.Ve
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
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.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
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Here is a sample configuration file using some of the features
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mentioned above.
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& # This is the default section.
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 3
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\& HOME=/temp
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\& RANDFILE= ${ENV::HOME}/.rnd
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\& configdir=$ENV::HOME/config
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [ section_one ]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& # We are now in section one.
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& # Quotes permit leading and trailing whitespace
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\& any = " any variable name "
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 3
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\& other = A string that can \e
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\& cover several lines \e
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\& by including \e\e characters
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& message = Hello World\en
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& [ section_two ]
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.Ve
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& greeting = $section_one::message
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.Ve
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.PP
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This next example shows how to expand environment variables safely.
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.PP
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Suppose you want a variable called \fBtmpfile\fR to refer to a
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temporary filename. The directory it is placed in can determined by
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the the \fB\s-1TEMP\s0\fR or \fB\s-1TMP\s0\fR environment variables but they may not be
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set to any value at all. If you just include the environment variable
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names and the variable doesn't exist then this will cause an error when
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an attempt is made to load the configuration file. By making use of the
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default section both values can be looked up with \fB\s-1TEMP\s0\fR taking
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priority and \fB/tmp\fR used if neither is defined:
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.PP
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.Vb 5
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\& TMP=/tmp
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\& # The above value is used if TMP isn't in the environment
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\& TEMP=$ENV::TMP
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\& # The above value is used if TEMP isn't in the environment
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\& tmpfile=${ENV::TEMP}/tmp.filename
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.Ve
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.SH "BUGS"
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.IX Header "BUGS"
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Currently there is no way to include characters using the octal \fB\ennn\fR
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form. Strings are all null terminated so nulls cannot form part of
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the value.
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.PP
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The escaping isn't quite right: if you want to use sequences like \fB\en\fR
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you can't use any quote escaping on the same line.
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.PP
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Files are loaded in a single pass. This means that an variable expansion
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will only work if the variables referenced are defined earlier in the
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file.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
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\&\fIx509\fR\|(1), \fIreq\fR\|(1), \fIca\fR\|(1)
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