900 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
900 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: xcu5,v 1.8 2000/07/07 20:06:27 tv Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Jim Wise
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
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.\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted, provided that
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.\" the above copyright notice appears in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" The copyright holder makes no representations about the suitability of
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.\" this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without
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.\" express or implied warranty.
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.\"
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.de xopen
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X/Open
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..
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.de gnu
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.Tn GNU
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..
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.Sh Chapter 3 - Utilities
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Note that most (all?) of the utilities provided with NetBSD do not provide
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internationalized diagnostic messages. This is not a violation of the
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.xopen
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standards, as
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.St -xbd5
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does not require that any locale other than the
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.Tn POSIX
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locale be available, but it is an area where much improvement is possible.
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.
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" Macros for Chapter 3
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.\"
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.\" Common text for the various SCCS utilities
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.de sccs
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.Nm \\$1
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is part of the
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.Tn SCCS
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suite of tools which are not
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provided with
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.Nx ,
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or in pkgsrc.
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.Tn RCS ,
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provided with
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.Nx ,
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and
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.Tn CVS ,
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provided in pkgsrc, provide alternate forms of version
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control.
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Text indicating a utility has not been checked yet
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.\"
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.de unfinished
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.Em Unfinished
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Text indicating that a utility is not provided.
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.\"
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.de notprovided
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The
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.Nm \\$1
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utility is not provided by
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.Nx
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or in pkgsrc.
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Text indicating that a utility is fully compliant with XCU5
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.\"
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.de compliant
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.Nm \\$1
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as provided by
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.Nx
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is fully compliant with
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.St -xcu5 .
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Text indicating that a utility is not compliant with XCU5
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.\"
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.de notcompliant
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.Nm \\$1
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as provided by
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.Nx
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is not compliant with
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.St -xcu5 .
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Text indicating that a utility is one of the utilities from item 1c. on page 47
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.\" and is provided as such
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.\"
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.de builtin
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Under
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.Nx ,
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.Nm \\$1
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is provided as a builtin utility by the
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.Nx
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standard shell,
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.Nm /bin/sh ,
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and is located for execution in the manner described on page 47
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of
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.St -xcu5 .
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..
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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.\"
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.\" Beginning of Chapter 3
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.\"
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.\" ---- admin ----
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.Ss admin - create and administer SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT)
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.notprovided admin
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.Pp
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.sccs admin
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.
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.\" ---- alias ----
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.Ss alias - define or display aliases
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.compliant alias
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.Pp
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.builtin alias
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.
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.\" ---- ar ----
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.Ss ar - create and maintain library archives
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.Nx
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uses the
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.gnu
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version of
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.Nm ar ,
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which is not compliant with
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.St -xcu5 .
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.Pp
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In particular,
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.gnu
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.Nm ar
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.Fl r
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and
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.Fl q
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flags are synonymous, and the
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.Fl C
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and
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.Fl T
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flags of
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.xopen
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.Nm ar
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are not implemented.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl o , S ,
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and
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.Fl V
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flags of
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.gnu
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.Nm ar
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are compatible extensions to the
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.xopen
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specification.
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.
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.\" ---- asa ----
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.Ss asa - interpret carriage-control characters
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.compliant asa
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.
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.\" ---- at ----
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.Ss at - execute commands at a later time
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.notcompliant at
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.Pp
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In particular,
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.Nx
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.Nm at
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does not implement the
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.Fl t
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flag of
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.xopen
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.Nm at ,
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and the access control files of
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.Nx at
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are stored in
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.Pa /var/at
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rather than
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.Pa /usr/lib/cron .
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.Nx
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.Nm at
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also uses a different output format at job submission time and
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when invoked with the
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.Fl l
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flag than that specified by
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.St -xcu5 .
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.Pp
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In addition, the time grammar of
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.Nx
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.Nm at
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is not completely compatible with that of
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.xopen
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.Nm at ,
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including lack of support for specifying a time zone either in a time
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specification or through the
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.Ev TZ
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environment variable.
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As a compatible extension to the
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.xopen
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specification time grammar for
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.Nm at ,
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.Nx
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.Nm at
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allows the use of
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.Li teatime ,
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meaning 4:00 PM,
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in place of
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.Li noon
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or
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.Li midnight .
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.
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.\" ---- awk ----
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.Ss awk - pattern scanning and processing language
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.\" documentation of awk will wait for a decision to be reached
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.\" whether to stay with gawk 2.x, import gawk 3.x, or move
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.\" to a later gawk release
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- basename ----
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.Ss basename - return non-directory portion of a pathname
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- batch ----
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.Ss batch - execute commands when the system load permits
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- bc ----
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.Ss bc - arbitrary precision arithmetic language
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- bg ----
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.Ss bg - run jobs in the background
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.compliant bg
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.Pp
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.builtin bg
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.
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.\" ---- c89 ----
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.Ss c89 - compile standard C programs
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cal ----
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.Ss cal - print a calendar
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- calendar ----
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.Ss calendar - reminder service (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cancel ----
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.Ss cancel - cancel printer requests (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cat ----
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.Ss cat - concatenate and print files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cc ----
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.Ss cc - a C language compilation system
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cd ----
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.Ss cd - change the working directory
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cflow ----
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.Ss cflow - generate a C-language flowgraph (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- chgrp ----
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.Ss chgrp - change the file group ownership
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- chmod ----
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.Ss chmod - change the file modes
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- chown ----
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.Ss chown - change the file ownership
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cksum ----
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.Ss cksum - write file checksums and sizes
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cmp ----
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.Ss cmp - compare two files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- col ----
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.Ss col - filter reverse line-feeds (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- comm ----
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.Ss comm - select or reject lines common to two files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- command ----
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.Ss command - execute a simple command
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- compress ----
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.Ss compress - compress data
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cp ----
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.Ss cp - copy files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cpio ----
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.Ss cpio - copy file archives in and out (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- crontab ----
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.Ss crontab - schedule periodic background work
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- csplit ----
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.Ss csplit - split files based on context
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ctags ----
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.Ss ctags - create a tags file (DEVELOPMENT, FORTRAN)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cu ----
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.Ss cu - call another system (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cut ----
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.Ss cut - cut out selected fields of each line of a file
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- cxref ----
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.Ss cxref - generate a C-language program cross-reference table (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- date ----
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.Ss date - write the date and time
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- dd ----
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.Ss dd - convert and copy a file
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- delta ----
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.Ss delta - make a delta (change) to an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- df ----
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.Ss df - report free disk space
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- diff ----
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.Ss diff - compare two files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- dircmp ----
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.Ss dircmp - directory comparison (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- dirname ----
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.Ss dirname - return the directory portion of pathname
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- dis ----
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.Ss dis - disassembler (DEVELOPMENT, LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- du ----
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.\" please note that corrigendum U025/3 removed the LEGACY designation from du
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.Ss du - estimate file space usage
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- echo ----
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.Ss echo - write arguments to standard output
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ed ----
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.\" ed is the standard unix text editor! ed is the way, the truth, and the light!
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.Ss ed - edit text
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- egrep ----
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.Ss egrep - search a file with an ERE pattern (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- env ----
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.Ss env - set the environment for command invocation
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ex ----
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.Ss ex - text editor
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- expand ----
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.Ss expand - convert tabs to spaces
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- expr ----
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.Ss expr - evaluate arguments as an expression
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- false ----
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.Ss false - return false value
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.compliant false
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.
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.\" ---- fc ----
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.Ss fc - process the command history list
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- fg ----
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.Ss fg - run jobs in the foreground
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.compliant fg
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.Pp
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.builtin fg
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.
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.\" ---- fgrep ----
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.Ss fgrep - search a file for a fixed-string pattern (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- file ----
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.Ss file - determine file type
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- find ----
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.Ss find - find files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- fold ----
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.Ss fold - filter for folding lines
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- fort77 ----
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.Ss fort77 - FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- fuser ----
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.Ss fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- gencat ----
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.Ss gencat - generate a formatted message catalogue
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- get ----
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.Ss get - get a version of an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- getconf ----
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.Ss getconf - get configuration values
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- getopts ----
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.Ss getopts - parse utility options
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.unfinished
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.Pp
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.builtin getopts
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.
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.\" ---- grep ----
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.Ss grep - search a file for a pattern
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- hash ----
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.Ss hash - remember or report utility locations
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- head ----
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.Ss head - copy the first part of files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- iconv ----
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.Ss iconv - codeset conversion
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- id ----
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.Ss id - return user identity
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ipcrm ----
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.Ss ipcrm - remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory segment identifier
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ipcs ----
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.Ss ipcs - report inter-process communication facilities status
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- jobs ----
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.Ss jobs - display status of jobs in the current session
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- join ----
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.Ss join - relational database operator
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- kill ----
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.Ss kill - terminate or signal processes
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- lex ----
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.Ss lex - generate programs for lexical tasks (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- line ----
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.Ss line - read one line (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- link ----
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.Ss link - call the link() function
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- lint ----
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.Ss lint - check C-language programs (DEVELOPMENT, LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ln ----
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.Ss ln - link files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- locale ----
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.Ss locale - get locale-specific information
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- localedef ----
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.Ss localedef - define locale environment
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- logger ----
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.Ss logger - log messages
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- logname ----
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.Ss logname - return the user's login name
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- lp ----
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.Ss lp - send files to a printer
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- lpstat ----
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.Ss lpstat - report printer status information (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- ls ----
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.Ss ls - list directory contents
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- m4 ----
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.Ss m4 - macro processor (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mail ----
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.Ss mail - send or read mail (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mailx ----
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.Ss mailx - process messages
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- make ----
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.Ss make - maintain, update and regenerate groups of programs (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- man ----
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.Ss man - display system documentation
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mesg ----
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.Ss mesg - permit or deny messages
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mkdir ----
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.Ss mkdir - make directories
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mkfifo ----
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.Ss mkfifo - make FIFO special files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- more ----
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.Ss more - display files on a page-by-page basis
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- mv ----
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.Ss mv - move files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- newgrp ----
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.Ss newgrp - change to a new group
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- nice ----
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.Ss nice - invoke a utility with an altered system scheduling priority
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- nl ----
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.Ss nl - line numbering filter
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- nm ----
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.Ss nm - write the name list of an object file (DEVELOPMENT)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- nohup ----
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.Ss nohup - invoke a utility immune to hangups
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- od ----
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.Ss od - dump files in various formats
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- pack ----
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.Ss pack - compress files (LEGACY)
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- paste ----
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.Ss paste - merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- patch ----
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.Ss patch - apply changes to files
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- pathchk ----
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.Ss pathchk - check pathname
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.unfinished
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.
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.\" ---- pax ----
|
|
.Ss pax - portable archive interchange
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- pcat ----
|
|
.Ss pcat - expand and concatenate files (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- pg ----
|
|
.Ss pg - file perusal filter for soft-copy terminals (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- pr ----
|
|
.Ss pr - print files
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- printf ----
|
|
.Ss printf - write formatted output
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- prs ----
|
|
.Ss prs - print an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- ps ----
|
|
.Ss ps - report process status
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- pwd ----
|
|
.Ss pwd - return working directory name
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- read ----
|
|
.Ss read - read a line from standard input
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- renice ----
|
|
.Ss renice - set system scheduling priorities of running processes
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- rm ----
|
|
.Ss rm - remove directory entries
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- rmdel ----
|
|
.Ss rmdel - remove a delta from an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- rmdir ----
|
|
.Ss rmdir - remove directories
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sact ----
|
|
.Ss sact - print current SCCS file-editing activity (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sccs ----
|
|
.Ss sccs - front end for the SCCS subsystem (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sed ----
|
|
.Ss sed - stream editor
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sh ----
|
|
.Ss sh - shell, the standard command language interpreter
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sleep ----
|
|
.Ss sleep - suspend execution for an interval
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sort ----
|
|
.Ss sort - sort, merge or sequence check text files
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- spell ----
|
|
.Ss spell - find spelling errors (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- split ----
|
|
.Ss split - split files into pieces
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- strings ----
|
|
.Ss strings - find printable strings in files
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- strip ----
|
|
.Ss strip - remove unnecessary information from executable files (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- stty ----
|
|
.Ss stty - set the options for a terminal
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- sum ----
|
|
.Ss sum - print checksum and block count of a file (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tabs ----
|
|
.Ss tabs - set terminal tabs
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tail ----
|
|
.Ss tail - copy the last part of a file
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- talk ----
|
|
.Ss talk - talk to another user
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tar ----
|
|
.Ss tar - file archiver (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tee ----
|
|
.Ss tee - duplicate standard input
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- test ----
|
|
.Ss test - evaluate expression
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- time ----
|
|
.Ss time - time a simple command
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- touch ----
|
|
.Ss touch - change file access and modification times
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tput ----
|
|
.Ss tput - change terminal characteristics
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tr ----
|
|
.Ss tr - translate characters
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- true ----
|
|
.Ss true - return true value
|
|
.compliant true
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tsort ----
|
|
.Ss tsort - topological sort
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- tty ----
|
|
.Ss tty - return user's terminal name
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- type ----
|
|
.Ss type - write a description of command type
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- ulimit ----
|
|
.Ss ulimit - set or report file size limit
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- umask ----
|
|
.Ss umask - get or set the file mode creation mask
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- unalias ----
|
|
.Ss unalias - remove alias definitions
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uname ----
|
|
.Ss uname - return system name
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uncompress ----
|
|
.Ss uncompress - expand compressed data
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- unexpand ----
|
|
.Ss unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- unget ----
|
|
.Ss unget - undo a previous get of an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uniq ----
|
|
.Ss uniq - report or filter out repeated lines in a file
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- unlink ----
|
|
.Ss unlink - call the unlink() function
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- unpack ----
|
|
.Ss unpack - expand files (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uucp ----
|
|
.Ss uucp - system-to-system copy
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uudecode ----
|
|
.Ss uudecode - decode a binary file
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uuencode ----
|
|
.Ss uuencode - encode a binary file
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uulog ----
|
|
.Ss uulog - query system-to-system transaction log (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uuname ----
|
|
.Ss uuname - list names of other known uucp systems (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uupick ----
|
|
.Ss uupick - receive public system-to-system file copies (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uustat ----
|
|
.Ss uustat - uucp status inquiry and job control
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uuto ----
|
|
.Ss uuto - send public system-to-system file copies (LEGACY)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- uux ----
|
|
.Ss uux - remote command execution
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- val ----
|
|
.Ss val - validate SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- vi ----
|
|
.Ss vi - screen-oriented (visual) display editor
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- wait ----
|
|
.Ss wait - await process completion
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- wc ----
|
|
.Ss wc - word, line and byte or character count
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- what ----
|
|
.Ss what - identify SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- who ----
|
|
.Ss who - display who is on the system
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- write ----
|
|
.Ss write - write to another user
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- xargs ----
|
|
.Ss xargs - construct argument lists and invoke utility
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- yacc ----
|
|
.Ss yacc - yet another compiler compiler (DEVELOPMENT)
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|
|
.\" ---- zcat ----
|
|
.Ss zcat - expand and concatenate data
|
|
.unfinished
|
|
.
|