448 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
448 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
# @(#)europe 7.6
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# International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and
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# zones
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#
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# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go
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# ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# ado@ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future).
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# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
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# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
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# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
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###############################################################################
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# United Kingdom
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# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (July 4, 1989)
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#
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# From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document"
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# (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving
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# into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with
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# the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep.,
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# the start dates are already the same).
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#
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# Summer time was not observed before 1916.
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# It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction
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# by Germany in March 1916.
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# During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double
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# summer time was used in Summer.
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# Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment.
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# This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged
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# a failure.
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#
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# Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most
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# of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it
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# after the 1st and/or 2nd war.
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#
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# Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire.
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#
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# The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992.
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# The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993.
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# The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper):
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#
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# Summer Time Double Summer Time
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# Year Start End Start End
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# 1916 21 May 1 October
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# 1917 8 April 17 September
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# 1918 24 March 30 September
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# 1919 30 March 29 September
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# 1920 28 March 25 October
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# (extended from
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# 27 Sep. because
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# of coal strike)
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#
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# 1921 3 April 3 October
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# 1922 26 March 8 October
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# 1923 22 April 16 September
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# 1924 13 April 21 September
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# 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday
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# 1938 in April in October
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#
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# 1939 16 April 19 November
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# 1940 25 February continued
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# 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August
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# 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August
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# 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August
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# 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September
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# 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July
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#
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# 1946 14 April 6 October
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# 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August
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# 1948 14 March 31 October
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# 1949 3 April 30 October
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# 1950 16 April 22 October
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# 1951 15 April 21 October
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# 1952 20 April 26 October
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#
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# 1953 19 April 4 October
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# 1954 11 April 3 October
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# 1955 17 April 2 October
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# 1956 15 April 7 October
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# 1957 14 April 6 October
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# 1958 20 April 5 October
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# 1959 19 April 4 October
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# 1960 10 April 2 October
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#
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# 1961 26 March 29 October
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# 1962 25 March 28 October
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# 1963 31 March 27 October
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# 1964 22 March 25 October
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# 1965 21 March 24 October
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# 1966 20 March 23 October
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# 1967 19 March 29 October
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#
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# 1968 18 February continued
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# 1969 continued continued
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# 1970 continued continued
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# 1971 continued 31 October
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# 1972 19 March 29 October
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# 1973 18 March 28 October
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# 1974 17 March 27 October
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#
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# 1975 16 March 26 October
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# 1976 21 March 24 October
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# 1977 20 March 23 October
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# 1978 19 March 29 October
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# 1979 18 March 28 October
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# 1980 16 March 26 October
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# 1981 29 March 25 October
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#
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# 1982 28 March 24 October
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# 1983 27 March 23 October
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# 1984 25 March 28 October
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# 1985 31 March 27 October
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# 1986 30 March 26 October
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# 1987 29 March 25 October
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# 1988 27 March 23 October
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#
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# 1989 26 March 29 October
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# 1990 25 March 28 October
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# 1991 31 March 27 October
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# 1992 29 March 25 October
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#
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# These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . .
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# From Paul Eggert (October 14, 1993)
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#
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# I changed the date `30 April 1924' to `13 April 1924' in the above table
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# to fix what must be transcription error, since 30 April is not a Sunday,
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# and Shanks gives 13 April which is a Sunday.
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#
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# The rules for Eire below are taken from Shanks, and reflect his claim that
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# Eire changed the clock twice on 1 Oct 1916. I invented `IST' and `IDT' as
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# abbreviations for Eire's standard and daylight time before 1 Oct 1916.
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# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
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#
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989):
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#
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# It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change
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# in a future year.
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#
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# (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple
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# of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or
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# not they will take the admiralty's advice)
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#
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# ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful.
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#
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# I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed)
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# ...
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# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
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# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
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# ...
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (September 3, 1993)
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#
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# I have some more up to date info.
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#
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# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
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# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
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# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
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# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
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# and 1994 are:
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# Start End
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# 1993 28 March 24 October
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# 1994 27 March 23 October
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# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
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#
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# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
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# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
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# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
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#
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# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
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# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
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# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
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# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
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# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
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# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
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# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
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# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
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# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
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# to specify the EC specified dates.
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#
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# Your comment in the tables about UK starting double summer time on a Monday
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# in 1945 prompted me to ask the Home Office about this. They didn't really
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# know (there was a war on at the time and summer time was specified by
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# Defence Regulations, different department, long time ago, etc.), but it was
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# listed as 2 April in a previous consultation paper from 1970 so if it is
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# a typo it was in that paper or before and was just copied into the 1989
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# paper. I have a few other avenues to explore on this and will let you know
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# the outcome.
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# From Peter Ilieve (peter@memex.co.uk) (September 3, 1993)
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#
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# > # Current rules
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# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
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# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
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#
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# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
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# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
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# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
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# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
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# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
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# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
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# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
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# what will happen.
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#
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# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
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# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
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# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
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# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
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# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
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# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
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# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
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# be the end of it.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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# 1916 to 1925--irregular
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 2:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr 22 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Sep 21 2:00s 0 GMT
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# 1925 to 1939 start--regular
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1939 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
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# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
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Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May 4 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - Aug 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Apr 5 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Aug 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Apr 4 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Aug 15 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945?
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 2:00s 2:00 DST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
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# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
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# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
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# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1955 1959 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
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# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
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Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
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# Current rules
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Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
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Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone GB 0:00 - GMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
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0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00s
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1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
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0:00 GB-Eire %s
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Zone Eire -0:25 - IST 1916 May 21 2:00
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-0:25 1:00 IDT 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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0:00 1:00 BST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
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0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
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0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
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0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
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0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
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0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
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0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00s
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1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
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0:00 GB-Eire %s
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###############################################################################
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# Continental Europe
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Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
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Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
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Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
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Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST"
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Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 -
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Rule Turkey 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST"
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Rule Turkey 1981 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
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Rule W-SU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
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Rule W-SU 1981 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
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Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET
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Zone Portugal 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
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1:00 M-Eur MET%s
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Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
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Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
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Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
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Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s
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Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ????
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# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
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Link MET CET
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###############################################################################
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# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
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# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
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# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
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#
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# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
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# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
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# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
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# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
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# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
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# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
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# ...
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# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
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# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
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# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
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# ...
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#
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# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
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# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
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# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
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# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
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# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
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# years...
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# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
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# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
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# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
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# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
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#
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# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
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# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
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#
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# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
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# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
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# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
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# ...
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# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
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# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
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# ...
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#
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# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
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# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
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# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
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#
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# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
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# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
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# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
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# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
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# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
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# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
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# dates...
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#
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# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
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# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
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# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
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# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
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# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
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# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
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# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
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# in advance of normal time.
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#
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# ...
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# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
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# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
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# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
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# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
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# ...
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# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
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# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
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# ...
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# Monaco: has same DST as France.
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# ...
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# Date: Thu, 12 Nov 92 16:57:37 +0100
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# From: rps@inescca.inescc.pt (Rui Pedro Salgueiro)
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# ...
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# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
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# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
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# I have made this description:
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#
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# Zone Portugal 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
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# 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
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# ...
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# ...
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# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
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# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
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# ...
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# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
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# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
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# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
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# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
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# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
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# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
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# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
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# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
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# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
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#
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# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
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# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
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# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
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