744 lines
19 KiB
Groff
744 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ps.1,v 1.77 2006/10/09 21:31:29 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\"
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.Dd October 7, 2006
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.Dt PS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ps
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.Nd process status
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl acCehjlmrsSTuvwx
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl k Ar key
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl O Ar fmt
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl o Ar fmt
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl p Ar pid
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl t Ar tty
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl U Ar username
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl W Ar swap
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.Ek
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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displays a header line followed by lines containing information about your
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processes that have controlling terminals.
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The default sort order of controlling terminal and
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(among processes with the same controlling terminal) process
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.Tn ID
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may be changed using the
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.Fl k , Fl m ,
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or
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.Fl r
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options.
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.Pp
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The information displayed is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
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.Fl L
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.Fl O
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and
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.Fl o
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options).
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The default output format includes, for each process, the process'
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.Tn ID ,
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controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
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state, and associated command.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
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.It Fl c
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Do not display full command with arguments, but only the
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executable name.
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This may be somewhat confusing; for example, all
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.Xr sh 1
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scripts will show as
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.Dq sh .
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.It Fl C
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Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
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.Dq raw
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CPU calculation that ignores
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.Dq resident
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time (this normally has no effect).
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.It Fl e
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Display the environment as well.
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The environment for other
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users' processes can only be displayed by the super-user.
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.It Fl h
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Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
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header per page of information.
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.It Fl j
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Print information associated with the following keywords:
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.Ar user , pid , ppid , pgid , sess , jobc , state , tt , time ,
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and
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.Ar command .
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.It Fl k
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Sort the output using the space or comma separated list of keywords.
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Multiple sort keys may be specified, using any of the
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.Fl k , Fl m ,
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or
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.Fl r
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options.
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The default sort order is equivalent to
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.Fl k Ar tdev,pid .
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.It Fl L
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List the set of available keywords.
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.It Fl l
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Ar uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , wchan , state ,
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.Ar tt , time ,
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and
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.Ar command .
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.It Fl M
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Extract values from the specified core file instead of the running system.
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.It Fl m
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Sort by memory usage,
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equivalent to
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.Fl k Ar vsz .
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
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.Dq Pa /netbsd .
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Ignored unless
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.Fl M
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is specified.
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.It Fl O
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Display information associated with the space or comma separated list
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of keywords specified.
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The
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.Fl O
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option does not suppress the default display;
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it inserts additional keywords just after the
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.Ar pid
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keyword in the default display, or after the
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.Ar pid
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keyword (if any) in a non-default display specified before the
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first use of the
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.Fl O
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flag.
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Keywords inserted by multiple
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.Fl O
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options will be adjacent.
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.Pp
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An equals sign
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.Pq Dq \&=
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followed by a customised header string may be appended to a keyword,
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as described in more detail under the
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.Fl o
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option.
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.It Fl o
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Display information associated with the space or comma separated list
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of keywords specified.
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Use of the
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.Fl o
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option suppresses the set of keywords that would be displayed by default,
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or appends to the set of keywords specified by other options.
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.Pp
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An equals sign
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.Pq Dq \&=
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followed by a customised header string may be appended to a keyword.
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This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
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the default header associated with the keyword.
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.Pp
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Everything after the first equals sign is part of the customised
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header text, and this may include embedded spaces
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.Pq Dq " " ,
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commas
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.Pq Dq \&, ,
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or equals signs
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.Pq Dq \&= .
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To specify multiple keywords with customised headers, use multiple
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.Fl o
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or
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.Fl O
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options.
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.Pp
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If all the keywords to be displayed have customised headers,
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and all the customised headers are entirely empty,
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then the header line is not printed at all.
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.It Fl p
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Display information associated with the specified process
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.Tn ID .
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.It Fl r
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Sort by current CPU usage.
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This is equivalent to
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.Fl k Ar %cpu .
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.It Fl S
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Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
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children to their parent process.
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.It Fl s
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Display one line for each LWP, rather than one line for each process,
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and display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Ar uid , pid , ppid , cpu , lid , nlwp , pri , nice , vsz , rss ,
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.Ar wchan , lstate , tt , time ,
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and
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.Ar command .
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.It Fl T
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Display information about processes attached to the device associated
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with the standard input.
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.It Fl t
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Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
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device.
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Use an question mark
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.Pq Dq \&?
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for processes not attached to a
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terminal device and a minus sign
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.Pq Dq -
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for processes that have
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been revoked from their terminal device.
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.It Fl U
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Displays processes belonging to the user whose username or uid has
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been given to the
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.Fl U
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switch.
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.It Fl u
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Ar user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
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and
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.Ar command .
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The
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.Fl u
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option implies the
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.Fl r
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option.
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.It Fl v
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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.Ar pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
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.Ar %cpu , %mem ,
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and
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.Ar command .
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The
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.Fl v
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option implies the
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.Fl m
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option.
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.It Fl W
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Extract swap information from the specified file instead of the
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default
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.Dq Pa /dev/drum .
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Ignored unless
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.Fl M
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is specified.
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.It Fl w
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Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
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is your window size.
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If the
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.Fl w
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option is specified more than once,
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.Nm
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will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
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.It Fl x
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Also display information about processes without controlling terminals.
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.El
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.Pp
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A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
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Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar %cpu
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The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
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a minute of previous (real) time.
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Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
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be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
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.Tn %CPU
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fields to exceed 100%.
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.It Ar %mem
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The percentage of real memory used by this process.
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.It Ar flags
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The flags (in hexadecimal) associated with the process as in
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the include file
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.Aq Pa sys/proc.h :
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.Bl -column P_NOCLDSTOP P_NOCLDSTOP
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.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00000001 process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
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.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00000002 process has a controlling terminal"
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.It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x00000004 process is loaded into memory"
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.It Dv "P_NOCLDSTOP" Ta No "0x00000008 no
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.Dv SIGCHLD
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when children stop
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.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00000010 parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
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.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00000020 process has started profiling"
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.It Dv "P_SELECT" Ta No "0x00000040 selecting; wakeup/waiting danger"
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.It Dv "P_SINTR" Ta No "0x00000080 sleep is interruptible"
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.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00000100 process had set id privileges since last exec"
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.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00000200 system process: no sigs, stats or swapping"
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.It Dv "P_TIMEOUT" Ta No "0x00000400 timing out during sleep"
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.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00000800 process is being traced"
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.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x00001000 debugging process has waited for child"
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.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x00002000 working on exiting"
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.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x00004000 process called"
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.Xr execve 2
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.It Dv "P_OWEUPC" Ta No "0x00008000 owe process an addupc() call at next ast"
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.\" the routine addupc is not documented in the man pages
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.It Dv "P_FSTRACE" Ta No "0x00010000 tracing via file system"
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.It Dv "P_NOCLDWAIT" Ta No "0x00020000 no zombies when children die"
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.It Dv "P_32" Ta No "0x00040000 32-bit process (used on 64-bit kernels)"
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.It Dv "P_BIGLOCK" Ta No "0x00080000 process needs kernel ``big lock'' to run"
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.It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x00100000 process is exec'ing and cannot be traced"
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.It Dv "P_SYSTRACE" Ta No "0x00200000 process system call tracing active"
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.El
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.It Ar lim
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The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
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.Xr setrlimit 2 .
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.It Ar lstart
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The exact time the command started, using the
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.Dq %C
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format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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.It Ar nice
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The process scheduling increment (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It Ar rss
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the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
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.It Ar start
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The time the command started.
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If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
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displayed using the
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.Dq %l:%M%p
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format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
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displayed using the
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.Dq %a%p
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format.
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Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
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.Dq %e%b%y
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format.
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.It Ar state
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The state is given by a sequence of letters, for example,
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.Dq Tn RWNA .
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The first letter indicates the run state of the process:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It D
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Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
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.It I
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Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
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.It R
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Marks a runnable process.
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.It S
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Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
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.It T
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Marks a stopped process.
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.It U
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Marks a suspended process.
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.It Z
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Marks a dead process (a
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.Dq zombie ) .
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.El
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.Pp
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Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
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information:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It +
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The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
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.It -
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The LWP is detached (can't be waited for).
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.It \*[Lt]
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The process has raised
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.Tn CPU
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scheduling priority.
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.It \*[Gt]
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The process has specified a soft limit on memory requirements and is
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currently exceeding that limit; such a process is (necessarily) not
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swapped.
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.It A
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the process has asked for random page replacement
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.Pf ( Dv VA_ANOM ,
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from
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.Xr madvise 2 ,
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for example, a LISP interpreter in a garbage collect).
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.It a
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The process is using scheduler activations.
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.It E
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The process is trying to exit.
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.It K
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The process is a kernel thread or system process.
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.It L
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The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
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.Tn I/O ) .
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.It l
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The process has multiple LWPs.
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.It N
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The process has reduced
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.Tn CPU
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scheduling priority (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It S
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The process has asked for
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.Tn FIFO
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page replacement
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.Pf ( Dv VA_SEQL ,
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from
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.Xr madvise 2 ,
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for example, a large image processing program using virtual memory to
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sequentially address voluminous data).
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.It s
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The process is a session leader.
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.It V
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The process is suspended during a
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.Xr vfork 2 .
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.It W
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The process is swapped out.
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.It X
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The process is being traced or debugged.
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.It x
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The process is running under
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.Xr systrace 1 .
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.El
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.It Ar tt
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An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
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The abbreviation consists of the two letters following
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.Dq Pa /dev/tty ,
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or, for the console,
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.Dq co .
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This is followed by a
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.Dq \&-
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if the process can no longer reach that
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controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
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.It Ar wchan
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The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
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When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
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trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
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as 324000.
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.El
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.Pp
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When printing using the
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.Ar command
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keyword, a process that has exited and has a parent that has not yet
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waited for the process (in other words, a zombie) is listed as
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.Dq Aq defunct ,
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and a process which is blocked while trying to exit is listed as
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.Dq Aq exiting .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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will try to locate the processes' argument vector from the user
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area in order to print the command name and arguments.
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This method is not reliable because a process is allowed to destroy this
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information.
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The
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.Ar ucomm
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(accounting) keyword will always contain the real command name as
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contained in the process structure's
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.Va p_comm
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field.
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.Pp
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If the command vector cannot be located (usually because it has not
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been set, as is the case of system processes and/or kernel threads)
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the command name is printed within square brackets.
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.Pp
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To indicate that the argument vector has been tampered with,
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.Nm
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will append the real command name to the output within parentheses
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if the basename of the first argument in the argument vector
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does not match the contents of the real command name.
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.Pp
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In addition,
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.Nm
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checks for the following two situations and does not append the
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real command name parenthesized:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It -shellname
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The login process traditionally adds a
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.Sq -
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in front of the shell name to indicate a login shell.
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.Nm
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will not append parenthesized the command name if it matches with
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the name in the first argument of the argument vector, skipping
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the leading
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.Sq - .
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.It daemonname: current-activity
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Daemon processes frequently report their current activity by setting
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their name to be like
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.Dq daemonname: current-activity .
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.Nm
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|
will not append parenthesized the command name, if the string preceding the
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.Sq \&:
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in the first argument of the argument vector matches the command name.
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.El
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.Sh KEYWORDS
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|
The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
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meanings.
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|
Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
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|
.Pp
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|
.Bl -tag -width groupnames -compact
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.It Ar %cpu
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percentage CPU usage (alias
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.Ar pcpu )
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.It Ar %mem
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percentage memory usage (alias
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.Ar pmem )
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.It Ar acflag
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accounting flag (alias
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.Ar acflg )
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.It Ar comm
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command (the argv[0] value)
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.It Ar command
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command and arguments (alias
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.Ar args )
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.It Ar cpu
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|
short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
|
|
.It Ar ctime
|
|
accumulated CPU time of all children that have exited
|
|
.It Ar egid
|
|
effective group id
|
|
.It Ar egroup
|
|
group name (from egid)
|
|
.It Ar etime
|
|
elapsed time since the process was started, in the form
|
|
.Li [[dd-]hh:]mm:ss
|
|
.It Ar euid
|
|
effective user id
|
|
.It Ar euser
|
|
user name (from euid)
|
|
.It Ar flags
|
|
the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
|
|
.Ar f )
|
|
.It Ar gid
|
|
effective group id
|
|
.It Ar group
|
|
group name (from gid)
|
|
.It Ar groups
|
|
group access list
|
|
.It Ar groupnames
|
|
group names (from group access list)
|
|
.It Ar holdcnt
|
|
number of holds on the process (if non-zero, process can't be swapped)
|
|
.It Ar inblk
|
|
total blocks read (alias
|
|
.Ar inblock )
|
|
.It Ar jobc
|
|
job control count
|
|
.It Ar ktrace
|
|
tracing flags
|
|
.It Ar ktracep
|
|
tracing vnode
|
|
.It Ar laddr
|
|
kernel virtual address of the
|
|
.Tn "struct lwp"
|
|
belonging to the LWP.
|
|
.It Ar lid
|
|
ID of the LWP
|
|
.It Ar lim
|
|
memory use limit
|
|
.It Ar logname
|
|
login name of user who started the process (alias
|
|
.Ar login )
|
|
.It Ar lstart
|
|
time started
|
|
.It Ar lstate
|
|
symbolic LWP state
|
|
.It Ar majflt
|
|
total page faults
|
|
.It Ar minflt
|
|
total page reclaims
|
|
.It Ar msgrcv
|
|
total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It Ar msgsnd
|
|
total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
|
|
.It Ar nice
|
|
nice value (alias
|
|
.Ar ni )
|
|
.It Ar nivcsw
|
|
total involuntary context switches
|
|
.It Ar nlwp
|
|
number of LWPs in the process
|
|
.It Ar nsigs
|
|
total signals taken (alias
|
|
.Ar nsignals )
|
|
.It Ar nswap
|
|
total swaps in/out
|
|
.It Ar nvcsw
|
|
total voluntary context switches
|
|
.It Ar nwchan
|
|
wait channel (as an address)
|
|
.It Ar oublk
|
|
total blocks written (alias
|
|
.Ar oublock )
|
|
.It Ar p_ru
|
|
resource usage pointer (valid only for zombie)
|
|
.It Ar paddr
|
|
kernel virtual address of the
|
|
.Tn "struct proc"
|
|
belonging to the process.
|
|
.It Ar pagein
|
|
pageins (same as majflt)
|
|
.It Ar pgid
|
|
process group number
|
|
.It Ar pid
|
|
process
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar ppid
|
|
parent process
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar pri
|
|
scheduling priority
|
|
.It Ar re
|
|
core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It Ar rgid
|
|
real group
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar rlink
|
|
reverse link on run queue, or 0
|
|
.It Ar rlwp
|
|
Number of LWPs on a processor or run queue
|
|
.It Ar rss
|
|
resident set size
|
|
.It Ar rsz
|
|
resident set size + (text size / text use count) (alias
|
|
.Ar rssize )
|
|
.It Ar ruid
|
|
real user
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar ruser
|
|
user name (from ruid)
|
|
.It Ar sess
|
|
session pointer
|
|
.It Ar sid
|
|
session
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar sig
|
|
pending signals (alias
|
|
.Ar pending )
|
|
.It Ar sigcatch
|
|
caught signals (alias
|
|
.Ar caught )
|
|
.It Ar sigignore
|
|
ignored signals (alias
|
|
.Ar ignored )
|
|
.It Ar sigmask
|
|
blocked signals (alias
|
|
.Ar blocked )
|
|
.It Ar sl
|
|
sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
|
|
.It Ar start
|
|
time started
|
|
.It Ar state
|
|
symbolic process state (alias
|
|
.Ar stat )
|
|
.It Ar stime
|
|
accumulated system CPU time
|
|
.It Ar svgid
|
|
saved gid from a setgid executable
|
|
.It Ar svgroup
|
|
group name (from svgid)
|
|
.It Ar svuid
|
|
saved uid from a setuid executable
|
|
.It Ar svuser
|
|
user name (from svuid)
|
|
.It Ar tdev
|
|
control terminal device number
|
|
.It Ar time
|
|
accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
|
|
.Ar cputime )
|
|
.It Ar tpgid
|
|
control terminal process group
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar tsess
|
|
control terminal session pointer
|
|
.It Ar tsiz
|
|
text size (in Kbytes)
|
|
.It Ar tt
|
|
control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
|
|
.It Ar tty
|
|
full name of control terminal
|
|
.It Ar uaddr
|
|
kernel virtual address of the
|
|
.Tn "struct user"
|
|
belonging to the LWP.
|
|
.It Ar ucomm
|
|
name to be used for accounting
|
|
.It Ar uid
|
|
effective user
|
|
.Tn ID
|
|
.It Ar upr
|
|
scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
|
|
.Ar usrpri )
|
|
.It Ar user
|
|
user name (from uid)
|
|
.It Ar utime
|
|
accumulated user CPU time
|
|
.It Ar vsz
|
|
virtual size in Kbytes (alias
|
|
.Ar vsize )
|
|
.It Ar wchan
|
|
wait channel (as a symbolic name)
|
|
.It Ar xstat
|
|
exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /var/run/kvm.db -compact
|
|
.It Pa /dev
|
|
special files and device names
|
|
.It Pa /dev/drum
|
|
default swap device
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/dev.db
|
|
/dev name database
|
|
.It Pa /var/db/kvm.db
|
|
system namelist database
|
|
.It Pa /netbsd
|
|
default system namelist
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr pgrep 1 ,
|
|
.Xr pkill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr sh 1 ,
|
|
.Xr systrace 1 ,
|
|
.Xr w 1 ,
|
|
.Xr kvm 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 ,
|
|
.Xr dev_mkdb 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pstat 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Since
|
|
.Nm
|
|
cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
|
|
process, the information it displays can never be exact.
|