222 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
222 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: host.1,v 1.1.1.6 2008/06/21 18:35:29 christos Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
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.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
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.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.\" Id: host.1,v 1.28.164.2 2008/04/06 01:41:39 tbox Exp
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.\"
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.hy 0
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.ad l
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.\" Title: host
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.\" Author:
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.71.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: Jun 30, 2000
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.\" Manual: BIND9
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.\" Source: BIND9
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.\"
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.TH "HOST" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "BIND9"
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.SH "NAME"
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host \- DNS lookup utility
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.HP 5
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\fBhost\fR [\fB\-aCdlnrsTwv\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fR\fB\fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-N\ \fR\fB\fIndots\fR\fR] [\fB\-R\ \fR\fB\fInumber\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fR\fB\fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-W\ \fR\fB\fIwait\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fR\fB\fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] {name} [server]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.PP
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\fBhost\fR
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is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given,
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\fBhost\fR
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prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
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.PP
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\fIname\fR
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is the domain name that is to be looked up. It can also be a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address, in which case
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\fBhost\fR
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will by default perform a reverse lookup for that address.
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\fIserver\fR
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is an optional argument which is either the name or IP address of the name server that
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\fBhost\fR
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should query instead of the server or servers listed in
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\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-a\fR
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(all) option is equivalent to setting the
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\fB\-v\fR
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option and asking
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\fBhost\fR
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to make a query of type ANY.
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.PP
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When the
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\fB\-C\fR
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option is used,
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\fBhost\fR
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will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
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\fIname\fR
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from all the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are found for the zone.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-c\fR
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option instructs to make a DNS query of class
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\fIclass\fR. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
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.PP
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Verbose output is generated by
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\fBhost\fR
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when the
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\fB\-d\fR
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or
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\fB\-v\fR
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option is used. The two options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards compatibility. In previous versions, the
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\fB\-d\fR
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option switched on debugging traces and
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\fB\-v\fR
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enabled verbose output.
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.PP
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List mode is selected by the
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\fB\-l\fR
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option. This makes
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\fBhost\fR
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perform a zone transfer for zone
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\fIname\fR. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with
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\fB\-a\fR
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all records will be printed.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-i\fR
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option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-N\fR
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option sets the number of dots that have to be in
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\fIname\fR
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for it to be considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
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\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the
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\fBsearch\fR
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or
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\fBdomain\fR
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directive in
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\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
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.PP
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The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
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\fB\-R\fR
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option.
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\fInumber\fR
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indicates how many times
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\fBhost\fR
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will repeat a query that does not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
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\fInumber\fR
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is negative or zero, the number of retries will default to 1.
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.PP
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Non\-recursive queries can be made via the
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\fB\-r\fR
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option. Setting this option clears the
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\fBRD\fR
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\(em recursion desired \(em bit in the query which
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\fBhost\fR
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makes. This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not attempt to resolve
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\fIname\fR. The
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\fB\-r\fR
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option enables
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\fBhost\fR
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to mimic the behavior of a name server by making non\-recursive queries and expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually referrals to other name servers.
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.PP
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By default
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\fBhost\fR
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uses UDP when making queries. The
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\fB\-T\fR
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option makes it use a TCP connection when querying the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-4\fR
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option forces
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\fBhost\fR
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to only use IPv4 query transport. The
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\fB\-6\fR
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option forces
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\fBhost\fR
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to only use IPv6 query transport.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-t\fR
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option is used to select the query type.
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\fItype\fR
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can be any recognized query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
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\fBhost\fR
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automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default it looks for A, AAAA, and MX records, but if the
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\fB\-C\fR
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option was given, queries will be made for SOA records, and if
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\fIname\fR
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is a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or colon\-delimited IPv6 address,
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\fBhost\fR
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will query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the starting serial number (e.g. \-t IXFR=12345678).
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.PP
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The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
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\fB\-W\fR
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and
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\fB\-w\fR
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options. The
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\fB\-W\fR
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option makes
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\fBhost\fR
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wait for
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\fIwait\fR
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seconds. If
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\fIwait\fR
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is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
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\fB\-w\fR
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option is used,
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\fBhost\fR
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will effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum value for an integer quantity.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-s\fR
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option tells
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\fBhost\fR
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\fInot\fR
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to send the query to the next nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-m\fR
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can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags
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\fIrecord\fR,
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\fIusage\fR
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and
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\fItrace\fR.
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.SH "IDN SUPPORT"
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.PP
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If
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\fBhost\fR
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has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non\-ASCII domain names.
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\fBhost\fR
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appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server. If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the
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\fBIDN_DISABLE\fR
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environment variable. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
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\fBhost\fR
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runs.
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.SH "FILES"
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.PP
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\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.PP
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\fBdig\fR(1),
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\fBnamed\fR(8).
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.SH "COPYRIGHT"
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Copyright \(co 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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.br
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Copyright \(co 2000\-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
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.br
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