1780 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
1780 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: prep,v 1.20 2001/07/05 05:03:02 mbw Exp $
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.
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.Ss2 Prepare yourself
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.
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Take a deep breath.
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.Pp
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Good. Now, make sure you are reading the PDF (if available), PostScript,
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or HTML version of this document, as the
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.Pa \&.txt No and Pa \&.more
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versions lack important formatting information that will prevent you from
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following the twisted path you must follow. OK, good. Now, print out
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this document.
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.Pp
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While it's printing, get some coffee, relax a bit, and mentally prepare
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yourself for something that promises to be confusing, frustrating, and
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annoying. If you assume the worst, you'll be pleasantly surprised when
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everything works easier than you expected. Also, forget everything you've
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been told about installing
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.Nx*M No Ns .
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.Pp
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It's done printing? Fine, now get a dark writing implement.
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.Pp
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The recommended installation procedure is as follows:
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.(enum
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Go to the
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.Nx*M
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model support page and look up your model information and issues (I can't
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stress this enough times).
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
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.Pp
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.It
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Spend about 15 minutes and read through this document from this point
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onward. While you're reading, use the writing implement to cross out the
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sections that do not apply to your model (or hilight the sections that do
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depending on your preferences).
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.Pp
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.It
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Now spend another 5 minutes and re-read this document, and mentally piece
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together how you think you'll be installing onto your machine. It may
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help to take a blank piece of paper and write out an outline of the
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procedure you think you'll be going through.
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.Pp
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.It
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Now create your bootable media and media for the distribution sets.
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.Pp
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.It
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Prepare your machine, depending on the instructions for your model
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(for example: partition your drive, download and run System Disk, or hook
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up a serial console).
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.Pp
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.It
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Boot into Open Firmware, and verify that it has the version of Open
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Firmware you think it does. Also make sure that the other variables
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are set correctly.
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.Pp
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.It
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Figure out the correct boot command, and boot your machine from the
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bootable media you just created. If you're having trouble, be sure to
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read the section on
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.Sx Common Problems and Error Messages
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.Pp
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.It
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Celebrate! The worst is over, but you've still got some work to do. Take
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a break, maybe more coffee, maybe a quick walk around the block, whatever
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turns your fancy.
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.Pp
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.It
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Now use the installer to install the distribution sets onto your system
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and do some initial configurations.
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.Pp
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.It
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Figure out how to boot from the installed partition. Boot into
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.Nx
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for the first time.
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.Pp
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.It
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Configure to your preferences, install your favorite packages, and have
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fun with your new
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.Nx*M
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machine!
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.enum)
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.Pp
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.(Note
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You really actually truly do need to follow the procedure listed in this
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document in the order that we describe. These systems are rather
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tricky to boot for the novice and expert alike. Once you cross off the
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sections that don't apply to you, it will make more sense.
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.Note)
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.(Note
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If the instructions in a subsection below do not apply to
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.Em all
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versions of Open Firmware, there will be a line listing which versions of
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Open Firmware they apply to, such as:
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.br
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(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
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Firmware 2.4, Open Firmware 3)
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.Note)
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.
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.Ss2 Updating your BootROM
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.
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(Open Firmware 3)
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.Pp
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Open Firmware 3 systems have a rewritable
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.Dq firmware ,
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also called the BootROM. When you use an Apple
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firmware updater, it updates the BootROM. This will
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.Em not
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change the version of Open Firmware in your machine - it will still be
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Open Firmware 3. The BootROM is what is first executed when you power on
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or reset your system. The BootROM then loads Open Firmware, which boots
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your operating system.
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.Pp
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Go to the
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.Sq "Apple Software Updates"
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web site at
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.Lk http://asu.info.apple.com/
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and search for
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.Sq firmware
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and install the most recent version for your model.
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.Pp
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.(Note
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If you accidentally set the
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.Ic load-base No or Ic real-base
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Open Firmware variables and reset your machine you will, in effect,
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rewrite the BootROM with garbage, rendering your machine unbootable. We
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recommend not doing this.
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.Note)
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.(Note
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The most recent BootROMs available (4.1.7 and 4.1.8) as of May 2001 are
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known to have some problems. Some PowerBook G4 users find they are
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unable to boot
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.Nx
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after upgrading, and some PowerMacintosh users find that their third-party
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RAM has been disabled. See the discussion at
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.Lk http://www.macfixit.com/archives/april.01.a.shtml#firm-04-07
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.Note)
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.Pp
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.
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.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt on Newer Models
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.
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(Open Firmware 3)
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.Pp
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Hold down a special key combination when your system boots.
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.Pp
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After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the
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.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
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keys (the
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.Key COMMAND
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key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the
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.Key OPTION
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key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments).
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.Pp
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You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen:
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.Pp
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.(disp
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Apple PowerBook3,1 2.1f1 BootROM built on 01/29/00 at 22:38:07
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Copyright 1994-2000 Apple Computer, Inc.
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All Rights Reserved
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Welcome to Open Firmware.
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To continue booting, type "mac-boot" and press return.
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To shut down, type "shut-down" and press return.
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ok
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0 >
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.disp)
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.Pp
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Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt.
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.Pp
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.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv auto-boot? false
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.Pp
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Skip down to the section on
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.Sx Setting up Open Firmware 3 to boot NetBSD
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since the next several pages are instructions for older models.
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.Pp
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.
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.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt on Apple Network Servers
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.
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(Open Firmware 1.1.22)
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.Pp
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The version of Open Firmware in the
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Apple Network Servers can only use a serial console.
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You must first hook up a serial console
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(38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking) to
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.Sq "Port 2"
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(the
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.Sq Li ttya
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device in Open Firmware).
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.Pp
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Hold down a special key combination on the keyboard attached to
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the ADB port on your system (not the serial console or PS/2 port) when
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your system boots.
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.Pp
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After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the
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.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
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keys (the
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.Key COMMAND
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key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the
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.Key OPTION
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key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments).
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.Pp
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You should now see some introductory text and the Open Firmware command
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prompt on your terminal:
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.Pp
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.Dl 0 >
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.Pp
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Your screen will remain black.
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.Pp
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Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt.
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.Pp
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.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv auto-boot? false
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.Pp
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Skip down to the section on
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.Sx Setting up pre-Open Firmware 3 to boot NetBSD
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since the next several pages are instructions for MacOS models.
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.Pp
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.
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.Ss2 Older Open Firmware System Preparation
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.
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(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4)
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.Pp
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These models are significantly trickier than the newer machines.
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.Pp
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All pre-Open Firmware 3 \*M systems have Open Firmware bugs. Luckily, Open
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Firmware has a small
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Non-Volatile RAM variable (NVRAM) which is reserved for FORTH commands which
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will be run before booting an operating system. Apple has released a freeware
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.Tn MacOS
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tool called System Disk, which patches
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most of these bugs. We
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.Em strongly
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recommend that you use this tool to patch your Open Firmware,
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as several systems cannot boot without these patches. If you read
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the Model Support page, you'd also know that some models are broken by
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or are unsupported by System Disk.
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.Pp
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If you have one of the following models, then skip down to the section on
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.Sx Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt (Harder method using MacOS)
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.br
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Apple Performa 4400, 5500, 6500, 54xx, 6400, and 6360,
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.br
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Motorola Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, and 5500,
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.br
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APS Tech M*Power 604e/200,
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.br
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PowerComputing PowerBase,
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.br
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Umax Apus 2000, Apus 3000, C500, and C600
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.Pp
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For every other model, download System Disk from Apple's site:
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.Lk ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/macosxserver/utilities/SystemDisk2.3.1.smi.bin
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.Pp
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For a brief tutorial on how to use System Disk, see:
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/
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.Pp
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Make sure you click the
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.Dq Save
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button, or the patches will not be saved to NVRAM.
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.(Note
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NVRAM patches and Open Firmware settings will be erased if you
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.Sq "zap your PRAM"
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by holding down
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.Key COMMAND-OPTION-P-R
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keys during the boot chimes, or if you accidentally boot into
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.Tn MacOS No Ns .
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.Note)
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.Pp
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.
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.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt on Older Models
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.
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(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4)
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.Pp
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Open Firmware has two variables,
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.Sq input-device
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and
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.Sq output-device No Ns ,
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which specify which devices to use for input and output.
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.Pp
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All Open Firmware 1.0.5 and most Open Firmware 2.0.x systems will default
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to using the
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.Sq Modem
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serial port for the console instead of the ADB keyboard and the monitor
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attached to the on-board video.
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Unless you use a MacOS-based utility to set
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these variables correctly, you
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.Em will
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need to hook up a serial console temporarily to set them before you
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can use your keyboard and screen. Some models (such as the Performa 54xx,
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6360, 6400, and 6500) have the
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.Sq Modem
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serial port covered with a piece of plastic since the internal modem
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usurps that serial port. You will either need to use Boot Variables to
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set the
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.Sq input-device
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and
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.Sq output-device
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variables to
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.Sq ttyb
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(which is the Printer serial port) or remove the internal modem.
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.Pp
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Now would be a good time to look at the
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.Nx*M
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Model Support webpage to determine the issues with your model.
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
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.Pp
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In particular, some models
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.Em must
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use a serial console, or they will be unable to boot
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.Nx
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at all. All models can be set to use a serial console, if you desire
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to bypass the keyboard and screen.
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.Pp
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If you need to use a serial console, you can use a normal
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.Sq printer
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cable (mini-DIN 8 to mini-DIN 8) and a
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.Tn MacOS
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tool, such as ZTerm to
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connect a
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.Tn MacOS
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system to your
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.Nx*M
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system.
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.Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/comm/term/zterm-101.hqx
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.
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.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt (Recommended method using MacOS)
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.
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(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4)
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.Pp
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Launch the
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.Tn MacOS
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System Disk tool. Click on
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.Dq "Power User (Open Firmware)"
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then click on the
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.Dq "Advanced Options"
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button. Now, click on the checkbox that says
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.Dq "Stop Boot at Open Firmware prompt"
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and select
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.Dq OK .
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Click the
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.Dq Save
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button and reboot your system.
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.Pp
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If your
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.Sq output-device
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is
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.Sq Li /chaos/control
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(i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 - 8600 system), there is a chance that
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your monitor will not sync. See
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html
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.Pp
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You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen:
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.Pp
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.(disp
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Open Firmware, 1.0.5
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To continue booting the MacOS type:
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BYE<return>
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To continue booting from the default boot device type:
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BOOT<return>
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ok
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0 >
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.disp)
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.Pp
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If your screen is black, then your model does not support using the
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on-board video in
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Open Firmware. You will need to connect a serial console to the
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.Sq Modem
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port of your system
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(38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking).
|
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.(Note
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The
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.Dq "Stop Boot at Open Firmware prompt"
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setting is persistent. It is equivalent to the Open Firmware command
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.Pp
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.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv auto-boot? false
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.Note)
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.(Note
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Unfortunately, there are a few models that are better off without the System
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Disk patches. If you find that your machine doesn't boot, then try:
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.Pp
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.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv use-nvramrc? false"
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.Dl 0 > Ic "reset-all"
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.Note)
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.
|
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.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt (Harder method using MacOS)
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.
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(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4)
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.Pp
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If System
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Disk doesn't work because your version of
|
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.Tn MacOS
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is too old or because
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System Disk says that it doesn't support your model, then you may try using
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the
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.Tn MacOS
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BootVars tool.
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.Pp
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.Lk ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/macppc/macos-utils/bootvars/bootvars.sit.hqx
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|
.(Note
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|
BootVars does
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|
.Em not
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|
apply the (possibly critical) NVRAM patches that System Disk does.
|
|
Expect some devices to not work (such as hard drives and ethernet).
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
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|
Look up the proper
|
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.Sq output-device
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|
for your model on the
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
Model Support webpage.
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
|
|
If the
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
Model support webpage does not list an
|
|
.Sq output-device
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|
for your model, then your system will default to using the on-board
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|
video. You needn't fill in the
|
|
.Sq output-device
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|
and
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|
.Sq input-device
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|
variables.
|
|
.Pp
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|
Launch the
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|
.Tn MacOS
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|
BootVars tool. Click on the
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|
.Dq auto-boot?
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|
checkbox, then click on the
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|
.Dq "All Variables"
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|
checkbox and type
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|
.Ic kbd
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|
into the
|
|
.Sq input-device
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|
box, and the proper device name into the
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|
.Sq output-device
|
|
box.
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|
Click on the
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|
.Dq write
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|
button, and then reboot your system.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your
|
|
.Sq output-device
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq Li /chaos/control
|
|
(i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 - 8600 system), there is a chance that
|
|
your monitor will not sync. See
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
Open Firmware, 1.0.5
|
|
To continue booting the MacOS type:
|
|
BYE<return>
|
|
To continue booting from the default boot device type:
|
|
BOOT<return>
|
|
ok
|
|
0 >
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your screen is black, then your model has defaulted to using a serial
|
|
console. This is fairly common on Open Firmware 1 and 2 models if you do not
|
|
use the System Disk tool to set up Open Firmware. You must hook up a serial
|
|
console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking).
|
|
.(Note
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq auto-boot?
|
|
setting is persistent. Your system will always stop at the Open Firmware
|
|
prompt. It is equivalent to the Open Firmware command
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv auto-boot? false
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Getting to the Open Firmware Prompt (Without using MacOS)
|
|
.
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you don't
|
|
have
|
|
.Tn MacOS ,
|
|
then you need to hold down a special key combination when your system boots.
|
|
Do this on the keyboard attached to
|
|
the ADB port on your system (not the serial console) when your system
|
|
boots.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Your system will
|
|
.Em not
|
|
have the (possibly critical) NVRAM patches that System Disk applies.
|
|
Expect some devices to not work (such as hard drives and ethernet).
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the
|
|
.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
|
|
keys (the
|
|
.Key COMMAND
|
|
key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the
|
|
.Key OPTION
|
|
key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
Open Firmware, 1.0.5
|
|
To continue booting the MacOS type:
|
|
BYE<return>
|
|
To continue booting from the default boot device type:
|
|
BOOT<return>
|
|
ok
|
|
0 >
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your screen is black, then your system has defaulted to using a serial
|
|
console. This is fairly common on Open Firmware 1 and 2 models if you do
|
|
not use the System
|
|
Disk tool to set up Open Firmware. You must hook up a serial console
|
|
(38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv auto-boot? false
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To use your on-board video and keyboard, look up the proper
|
|
.Sq output-device
|
|
for your model on the
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
webpage
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
|
|
Run the following commands to use your screen instead of
|
|
a serial console
|
|
(replace
|
|
.Sq Li screen
|
|
with the correct
|
|
.Sq output-device
|
|
for your model):
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv output-device screen"
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv input-device kbd"
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "reset-all"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now you should see the Open Firmware prompt on your screen.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your
|
|
.Sq output-device
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq Li /chaos/control
|
|
(i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 - 8600 system), there is a chance that
|
|
your monitor will not sync. See
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Setting up pre-Open Firmware 3 to boot NetBSD
|
|
.
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x,
|
|
Open Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Double-check your Open Firmware version:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "dev /openprom .properties"
|
|
name openprom
|
|
model Open Firmware, 1.0.5
|
|
relative-addressing
|
|
ok
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your system has Open Firmware prior to version 3, then you must set
|
|
some Open Firmware variables before
|
|
.Nx
|
|
can boot. Do
|
|
.Em not
|
|
run these commands on Open Firmware 3 machines, as you may overwrite your
|
|
firmware requiring a trip to Apple for repairs.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv load-base 600000"
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "setenv real-base F00000"
|
|
.Dl 0 > Ic "reset-all"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The last command reboots your machine so that the
|
|
.Li real-base
|
|
setting takes effect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you will be netbooting your system, you can look up your MAC address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "dev enet .properties"
|
|
[...]
|
|
local-mac-address CCCCCCCC CCCC
|
|
[...]
|
|
ok
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Some early Open Firmware 1.0.5 machines had their MAC address stored
|
|
incorrectly on the motherboard (little- vs. big-endian problems).
|
|
The patches the System Disk installs will correct this.
|
|
Without the patch, the machine will still work, but its MAC address
|
|
may conflict with another ethernet device on your network.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can check your Open Firmware settings with the
|
|
.Pa printenv
|
|
command:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "printenv"
|
|
little-endian? false false
|
|
real-mode? false false
|
|
auto-boot? false true
|
|
diag-switch? false false
|
|
[...]
|
|
use-nvramrc? true false
|
|
real-base F00000 -1
|
|
[...]
|
|
load-base 600000 4000
|
|
[...]
|
|
input-device kbd ttya
|
|
output-device /chaos/control ttya
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Open Firmware 1.0.5 settings and nvram patches will be erased if you boot into
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
You will need to re-enter them before booting
|
|
.Nx
|
|
again.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Open Firmware 2.0.x and Open Firmware 2.4 systems will set the
|
|
.Li real-base
|
|
environment variable to its default value (which prevents
|
|
.Nx from booting) if you boot into
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Setting up Open Firmware 3 to boot NetBSD
|
|
.
|
|
(Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Double-check your Open Firmware version:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "dev /openprom .properties"
|
|
name openprom
|
|
device_type BootROM
|
|
model OpenFirmware 3
|
|
relative-addressing
|
|
supports-bootinfo
|
|
ok
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you will be netbooting your system, you can look up your MAC address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "dev enet .properties"
|
|
[...]
|
|
local-mac-address CCCCCCCC CCCC
|
|
[...]
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Some Open Firmware 3 machines have their MAC address stored incorrectly
|
|
(little- vs. big-endian problem). If you look up your MAC address in
|
|
.Tn MacOS ,
|
|
it will be different than what Open Firmware 3 uses to contact your netboot
|
|
server. Your machine will still work, but its MAC address may conflict with
|
|
another ethernet device on your network.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can check your Open Firmware settings with the
|
|
.Pa printenv
|
|
command:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.No 0 > Ic "printenv"
|
|
-------------- Partition: common -------- Signature: 0x70 ---------------
|
|
little-endian? false false
|
|
real-mode? false false
|
|
auto-boot? false true
|
|
diag-switch? false false
|
|
[...]
|
|
use-nvramrc? true false
|
|
real-base -1 -1
|
|
[...]
|
|
input-device keyboard keyboard
|
|
output-device screen screen
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Available Boot Media
|
|
.
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each version of Open Firmware is capable of booting from a variety of
|
|
media (such as hard drives, CD-ROMs, and ethernet). To boot the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel, Open Firmware must first open a
|
|
.Sq bootloader
|
|
which knows how to load the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel. There are two approaches, the
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
bootloader and the
|
|
.Sq "partition zero"
|
|
bootloader. In the former case, the user tells Open Firmware to
|
|
load
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
and it will load the kernel. In the latter case, the user tells Open
|
|
Firmware to boot from a particular device, and a primary bootloader
|
|
.Pa bootxx
|
|
is loaded, which then loads the secondary bootloader
|
|
.Pa ofwboot
|
|
which then loads the kernel.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.elf
|
|
is obsoleted. All users should be using
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
instead of
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.elf
|
|
now.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See the FAQ for a more thorough explanation:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#boot-support
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following bootable media are available for loading the bootloader
|
|
.Pq Pa ofwboot No or Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
(see below for descriptions):
|
|
.(bullet -offset indent
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
Partition zero
|
|
.It
|
|
Ethernet (netboot)
|
|
.It
|
|
ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem
|
|
.It
|
|
MS-DOS filesystem (not supported by
|
|
.Nx No Ns )
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 2.4"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
Partition zero
|
|
.It
|
|
Ethernet (netboot)
|
|
.It
|
|
ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem
|
|
.It
|
|
HFS, HFS+, or Hybrid (ISO9660 and HFS) filesystem
|
|
.It
|
|
MS-DOS filesystem (not supported by
|
|
.Nx No Ns )
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 3"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
HFS, HFS+, or Hybrid (ISO9660 and HFS) filesystem
|
|
.It
|
|
Ethernet (netboot)
|
|
.It
|
|
Partition zero (not supported by
|
|
.Nx No Ns )
|
|
.It
|
|
MS-DOS filesystem (not supported by
|
|
.Nx No Ns )
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once
|
|
.Pa ofwboot
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
is loaded, it can open the kernel from one of the following sources:
|
|
.(bullet -offset indent
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Ethernet (NFS)"
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "NetBSD FFS file system"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Such as the boot floppy, or an installed
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partition.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "HFS or HFS+ filesystem"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only on Open Firmware 2.4 or Open Firmware 3 systems.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system"
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The boot floppy image provided with the distribution sets has a
|
|
.Sq "partition zero"
|
|
bootloader and a
|
|
.Nx
|
|
file system with an installation kernel.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Description of bootable media
|
|
.
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -offset indent
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Partition zero"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
|
|
Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This method loads a primary bootloader called
|
|
.Pa bootxx
|
|
which then loads the secondary bootloader
|
|
.Pa ofwboot
|
|
(functionally identical to
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
(q.v.))
|
|
which then loads the kernel.
|
|
This is the method used by the boot floppies, and when you're
|
|
installing
|
|
.Nx
|
|
on the entire disk.
|
|
Unfortunately, it appears that the Open Firmare 2.4 floppy disk driver
|
|
is broken.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Partition zero"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
While Open Firmware 3 supports this boot method,
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
does not yet support it on these systems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "HFS or HFS+ file system"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 2.4, Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This method loads
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
from an HFS or HFS+ partition which then loads the kernel from an acceptable
|
|
source (such as an FFS partition or an HFS or HFS+ partition). The FFS-based
|
|
kernel may be on the boot floppy image
|
|
.No ( Ns Pa boot.fs No Ns )
|
|
located on an HFS or HFS+ partition, or located on a full FFS partition.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Alternatively, the kernel (compressed
|
|
or non-compressed) may be on an HFS or HFS+ partition. Due to Open Firmware
|
|
pickiness, it must be on the same partition as
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf No Ns .
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "MS-DOS file system"
|
|
.br
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This cannot be used, as neither the
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
bootloader nor the kernel can read files directly from a
|
|
.Tn MS-DOS
|
|
file system.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Ethernet (network boot)"
|
|
.br
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can run your entire system diskless or netboot only the files necessary
|
|
to boot (i.e. the bootloader and the installation kernel),
|
|
but you must have root access on another
|
|
.Ux
|
|
machine on your subnet.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
You must use your on-board ethernet device for netbooting. While there
|
|
may be some PCI or Cardbus ethernet interfaces with Open Firmware ROMs, no
|
|
one has reported success netbooting using these devices
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Some Open Firmware 1.0.5 machines do not retrieve the BOOTP information
|
|
correctly. These machines cannot netboot.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "ISO9660 CD-ROM file system"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
|
|
Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Load the
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
bootloader from an ISO 9660 CD-ROM. It can then load a
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel from the ISO 9660 CD-ROM.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Open Firmware 1.0.5 and 2.0.x machines will
|
|
.Em not
|
|
boot from the ISO 9660 file system if you create a hybrid HFS/ISO
|
|
format CD-R. Make sure that it the CD
|
|
.Em only
|
|
has ISO 9660 data and does not have an Apple Partition Map.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Open Firmware can only open files on the first session of a multi-session
|
|
CD-R
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Hybrid HFS/ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 2.4, Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Load the
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
bootloader from the CD-ROM's HFS filesystem. It can then load a
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel from the ISO 9660 filesystem.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Make sure that the CD has an Apple Partition Map.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Open Firmware can only open files on the first session of a multi-session
|
|
CD-R
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
|
|
.
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -offset indent
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x"
|
|
.br
|
|
You must use the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
installer to partition your disk if you want it to be bootable. With
|
|
this release of
|
|
.Nx No Ns ,
|
|
there is no way to dual-boot
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
and
|
|
.Nx
|
|
on one hard drive.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can use the instructions in this section to partition a disk that may
|
|
also be used with
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns ,
|
|
although a disk prepared in this way
|
|
.Em "will not boot"
|
|
.Em Nx No Ns .
|
|
That means, your root partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Pa / No Ns )
|
|
must be on a drive prepared with the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
installer, but the partitions not necessary to boot (for example
|
|
.Pa /usr No Ns ,
|
|
.Pa /home No Ns ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa /export No Ns )
|
|
may be on the same disk as
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unless you are planning to use partitions on the same disk as
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns ,
|
|
skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Preparing the Bootable Media
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 2.4"
|
|
.br
|
|
We recommend using the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
installer to partition your disk, but you will not be able to use
|
|
partitions on this drive with
|
|
.Tn MacOS .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you'd like to have
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
and
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partitions on one hard drive (and for both to be bootable),
|
|
then read the rest of this section.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 3"
|
|
.br
|
|
You must have at least one disk that was partitioned using a
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
tool before installing
|
|
.Nx
|
|
on your system.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This is the drive that will be holding the bootloader,
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf No Ns .
|
|
Your
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partitions may either be on this same disk (using the method described
|
|
in the rest of this section), or on a separate disk accessible only to
|
|
.Nx No Ns .
|
|
If you are dedicating an entire disk to
|
|
.Nx No Ns ,
|
|
then your
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
partitioned disk only needs HFS or HFS+ partitions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The rest of this section describes how to make a
|
|
single disk dual-bootable which is necessary for machines which have only
|
|
one hard drive (such as the iBook, iMac, PowerBook, and PowerMacintosh Cube
|
|
systems).
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em "Using the"
|
|
.Em Nx
|
|
.Em "installer to install a disklabel or bootloader will"
|
|
.Em "render your disk unusable by"
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.Em "Either will also prevent Open Firmware 3 machines from booting"
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf Ns .
|
|
.Em "You will need to use the installer's"
|
|
.Em Dq "Re-install sets"
|
|
.Em "option. More information is provided below on this process."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unfortunately, the partitioning tools for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
are not advanced enough to create HFS or HFS+ file systems or a
|
|
partition map that can be shared with
|
|
.Tn MacOS .
|
|
You will need to use the
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
Drive Setup tool (versions 1.8.1 and later are
|
|
known to work) to partition the hard drive you will be using for
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
Drive Setup will erase the contents of your drive -- it does not preserve
|
|
data from any of your partitions. Make the following partitions:
|
|
.(tag "A/UX_Rootxxx" -offset indent
|
|
.It Em HFS No or Em HFS+
|
|
Must be large enough to hold the bootloader, over 100 KB. May be as large
|
|
as you desire for
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
usage.
|
|
.It Em "A/UX Root"
|
|
Must be at least 20 MB. Alternatively, you may decide to use one partition for
|
|
your entire
|
|
.Nx
|
|
installation, in which case it should be at least 200 MB without X, or 250
|
|
MB with X.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
interprets an
|
|
.Em "A/UX Root"
|
|
partition as the first partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em a No Ns )
|
|
on the disk.
|
|
This partition is not readable from
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.It Em "A/UX Swap"
|
|
Any size. The recommenation is 1.5 times your RAM, although this is not
|
|
strictly necessary for machines with a lot of RAM.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
interprets an
|
|
.Em "A/UX Swap"
|
|
partition as the second partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em b No Ns )
|
|
on the disk.
|
|
This partition is not readable from
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.It Em "A/UX User, A/UX Free1, A/UX Free2, A/UX Free3"
|
|
Use these for any additional partitions you may want to use under
|
|
.Nx Ns ,
|
|
such as
|
|
.Pa /usr No (at least 200 MB),\ Pa /home No Ns ,\ Pa /usr/local No Ns ,\ or
|
|
.Pa /usr/pkg No Ns .
|
|
.Nx
|
|
interprets these partitions as normal
|
|
.Nx No Ns -style
|
|
partitions.
|
|
These partitions are not readable from
|
|
.Tn MacOS No Ns .
|
|
.It Em HFS
|
|
Any size. You may want to leave an additional partition available to
|
|
transfer files between
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
and
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
If you think you'll be doing this often, then see the FAQ entry on sharing
|
|
files:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#disk-sharing
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you need further help, there is a partitioning HOW-TO on the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
website:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/partitioning.html
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Preparing the Bootable Media
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
The purpose of this section is to prepare the media from which your system
|
|
will boot the installer. We'll describe how to put the files in the right
|
|
places on your disk(s) or netboot server and prepare it for use on your
|
|
system.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you will be running your system diskless (i.e. entirely over NFS, not
|
|
using any local hard drives), then you do not need to run the installer,
|
|
you only need to extract the distribution sets on the diskless server.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To get the distribution sets (which will be placed on your
|
|
hard drive) onto appropriate media, see the above section entitled
|
|
.Sx Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
|
|
.No Ns .
|
|
You may wish to do this at the same time you create the bootable media
|
|
(such as netbooting and placing distribution sets on the netboot server,
|
|
or booting from CD-R and placing distribution sets on the same disk)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Some
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
.Ic ftp
|
|
clients default to downloading files in
|
|
.Sq ASCII
|
|
mode. This will render the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
files useless. Make sure to set your ftp program to download in
|
|
.Sq binary
|
|
mode.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These are the recommended techniques for booting the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
install kernel:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -offset indent
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
Boot off a floppy
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot off an ISO9660 CD-ROM
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot over the ethernet
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot the floppy image off a bootable SCSI or IDE drive (not recommended)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 2.4"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
Boot off a floppy (may not be supported by Open Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot off an HFS or HFS+ partition
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot off an ISO9660 CD-ROM
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot off a Hybrid HFS/ISO9660 CD-ROM
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot over the ethernet
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot the floppy image off a bootable SCSI or IDE drive (not recommended)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Open Firmware 3"
|
|
.br
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
Boot off an HFS or HFS+ partition
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot off a Hybrid HFS/ISO9660 CD-ROM
|
|
.It
|
|
Boot over the ethernet
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
What follows are the steps to create different types of bootable media.
|
|
You should only need to create one of these to get your system to boot the
|
|
installer
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
.
|
|
.Em "Boot off a floppy"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
|
|
Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the boot floppy image is compressed, then you will need to uncompress
|
|
it first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Use some tool to write the boot floppy image
|
|
.Pa installation/boot.fs
|
|
to a floppy disk, and boot
|
|
from that.
|
|
The primary bootloader (in
|
|
.Sq "partition zero" )
|
|
will load
|
|
.Pa ofwboot
|
|
which will load the installation kernel.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
.Em "From a UNIX machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "dd if=boot.fs of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a Windows machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get either the
|
|
.Ic rawrite.exe
|
|
program from the NetBSD/i386 distribution or
|
|
.Ic rawrite32.exe
|
|
from
|
|
.Lk http://www.duskware.com/rawrite32/
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a MacOS machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get
|
|
.Ic suntar
|
|
from
|
|
.Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/suntar-222.hqx
|
|
.(enum
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Preferences
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq Expert Mode
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Special
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Overwrite Sectors ..."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Insert a floppy disk
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Hit return (i.e. start at sector number zero)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Select
|
|
.Pa boot.fs
|
|
and click
|
|
.Dq Open
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq File
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq Eject
|
|
.enum)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot off an HFS or HFS+ partition"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 2.4, Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Place
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
and the boot floppy image
|
|
.Pa boot.fs
|
|
at the top level of your Macintosh filesystem. Use a
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
utility such as
|
|
.Ic Stuffit Expander
|
|
to uncompress the boot floppy image (if it's compressed).
|
|
Get to the Open Firmware prompt. Boot the bootloader, and tell it to look
|
|
for the kernel in the boot floppy image.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Alternatively, copy a kernel to the same partition as
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf No Ns .
|
|
It may be compressed or uncompressed, it should make no difference.
|
|
Get to the Open Firmware prompt. Boot the bootloader, and tell it to look
|
|
for the kernel you copied to your HFS or HFS+ partition.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot off the official NetBSD/\*M-\*V CD-R image"
|
|
.br
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Check the FAQ for the location of the official
|
|
.Nx*M \*V
|
|
CD-R image.
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#cdr151
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
.Em "From a UNIX machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get and install cdrecord.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
users should install it from the package collection. Other unix systems
|
|
should get it from the official website:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrecord/README.html
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=/dev/cd1c output.iso"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will need to substitute the correct name of the disk image file,
|
|
speed for your CD writer, and the
|
|
correct device for your system (for i386 it would be
|
|
.Pa /dev/cd1d No Ns ).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a MacOS machine (using Toast)"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(enum
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Format
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Disk Image"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Data...
|
|
button and select the disk image you downloaded.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq "Write CD..."
|
|
button
|
|
.enum)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot off an ISO 9660 CD-ROM"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
|
|
Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This section describes how to create your own bootable
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
CD-R. We recommend that you use the official
|
|
NetBSD/\*M-\*V
|
|
CD-R image, as described in the section above.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Place
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
and the installation kernel
|
|
.Pa netbsd.ram.gz
|
|
at the top level of the CD.
|
|
You may also place the
|
|
.Nx \*V
|
|
distribution sets on the disk.
|
|
Have Open Firmware load
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
from the disk, and it will then load the installation kernel.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
.Em "From a UNIX machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get and install mkhybrid. This is now part of the cdrecord package.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
users should install it from the package collection. Other unix systems
|
|
should get it from the official website:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrecord/README.html
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkhybrid -o output.iso -a -l -J -r -L /cdsources"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=/dev/cd1c output.iso"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will need to substitute the correct speed for your CD writer, and the
|
|
correct device for your system (for i386 it would be
|
|
.Pa /dev/cd1d No Ns ).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO for more detail:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/bootcd.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a MacOS machine (using Toast)"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(enum
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Format
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "ISO 9660"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Data...
|
|
button and drag
|
|
.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa installation/netbsd.ram.gz
|
|
into the window
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Settings
|
|
tab, open the
|
|
.Dq Naming
|
|
popup menu, and pick
|
|
.Dq "Macintosh Names"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Done
|
|
button
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq "Write CD..."
|
|
button
|
|
.enum)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot off a hybrid HFS/ISO 9660 CD-ROM"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 2.4, Open Firmware 3)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This section describes how to create your own bootable
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
CD-R. We recommend that you use the official
|
|
NetBSD/\*M-\*V
|
|
CD-R image, as described two sections above.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Place
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
and the installation kernel
|
|
.Pa netbsd.ram.gz
|
|
at the top level of the CD. Make sure that the
|
|
bootloader is present on the HFS partition, and the kernel is on the ISO
|
|
partition. You may also place the
|
|
.Nx \*V
|
|
distribution sets on the ISO partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em not
|
|
only on the HFS partition). Have Open Firmware load
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
from the HFS partition, and it will load the installation kernel from the
|
|
ISO partition.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
.Em "From a UNIX machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get and install mkhybrid. This is now part of the cdrecord package.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
users should install it from the package collection. Other unix systems
|
|
should get it from the official website:
|
|
.Lk ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrecord/README.html
|
|
.Lk http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.br
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkhybrid -o output.iso -hfs -part -a -l -J -r -L /cdsources"
|
|
.br
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=/dev/cd1c output.iso"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will need to substitute the correct speed for your CD writer, and the
|
|
correct device for your system (for i386 it would be
|
|
.Pa /dev/cd1d No Ns ).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO for more detail:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/bootcd.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a MacOS machine (using Toast)"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(enum
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Format
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Mac/ISO Hybrid"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Utilities
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Create Temporary Partition..."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Make this temporary partition large enough for all of the files you will
|
|
be placing on the HFS portion of the CD (only
|
|
.Pa ofwboot.xcf
|
|
is necessary).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Copy
|
|
.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf
|
|
to the temporary partition
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Data...
|
|
button and select the temporary partition you just created
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq ISO...
|
|
button and drag
|
|
.Pa installation/netbsd.ram.gz
|
|
into the window. You may also want to drag the
|
|
.Nx \*V
|
|
distribution sets to this window as well.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Settings
|
|
tab, open the
|
|
.Dq Naming
|
|
popup menu, and pick
|
|
.Dq "Macintosh Names"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq Done
|
|
button
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click the
|
|
.Dq "Write CD..."
|
|
button
|
|
.enum)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot over the ethernet"
|
|
.br
|
|
(All Open Firmware versions)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Set up the DHCP daemon in BOOTP compatible mode, the TFTP daemon, and
|
|
the NFS daemons on your netboot server.
|
|
Tell Open Firmware to boot over ethernet, and it will send a BOOTP
|
|
request, which will tell Open Firmware what your system's IP address
|
|
is, and where its bootloader can be downloaded via TFTP.
|
|
Once Open FIrmware has downloaded the bootloader via TFTP, it will
|
|
then load the installation kernel via an NFS connection.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Follow these instructions to configure a
|
|
.Nx
|
|
machine as your netboot server. If you intend to use a different platform
|
|
as your netboot server, follow the directions in the Diskless HOW-TO:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot
|
|
.Pp
|
|
We will use
|
|
.Sq Li CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
|
|
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client machine
|
|
that you wish to install
|
|
.Nx
|
|
on. We use
|
|
.Sq Li 192.168.1.10
|
|
as the IP address of your client, and
|
|
.Sq Li client.test.net
|
|
as the name. The server name is
|
|
.Sq Li server.test.net ,
|
|
and the path on the server to the NFS exported directory is
|
|
.Pa /export/client/root No .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You should replace all of these with the names, addresses, and paths
|
|
appropriate to your environment.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, set up your
|
|
.Ic dhcpd
|
|
server. Make sure the following lines are in
|
|
.Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf :
|
|
.(disp
|
|
allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server
|
|
# will act as a bootp server.
|
|
|
|
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
|
|
# Which network interface the server will
|
|
# listen on. The zeros indicate which
|
|
# range of addresses are allowed to connect.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
group {
|
|
# Set of parameters common to all clients
|
|
# in this "group".
|
|
#
|
|
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
|
|
option domain-name "test.net";
|
|
option domain-name-servers dns.test.net;
|
|
option routers router.test.net;
|
|
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
|
|
|
|
# An individual client.
|
|
#
|
|
host client.test.net {
|
|
hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC;
|
|
fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
|
|
|
|
# Name of the host (if the fixed address
|
|
# doesn't resolve to a simple name).
|
|
#
|
|
option host-name "client";
|
|
|
|
# Name of the bootloader or kernel
|
|
# to download via tftp.
|
|
#
|
|
filename "ofwboot.xcf";
|
|
|
|
# The path on the NFS server.
|
|
#
|
|
option root-path "/export/client/root";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will need to make sure that the
|
|
.Pa dhcpd.leases
|
|
file exists.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will need to
|
|
.Ic kill
|
|
the
|
|
.Ic dhcpd
|
|
and restart it to get it to re-read its configuration file.
|
|
If the server is running
|
|
.Nx 1.5 ,
|
|
you can achieve this with:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "/etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, place a copy of the
|
|
.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf
|
|
bootloader in
|
|
.Pa /tftpboot
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cp ofwboot.xcf /tftpboot"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, you should edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf
|
|
and make sure that the line starting with
|
|
.Li tftp
|
|
is uncommented. You will need to
|
|
.Ic kill -HUP
|
|
the
|
|
.Ic inetd
|
|
process to enable tftp if this line was previously commented out. The next
|
|
step is to set up NFS exports. Create the directory you are exporting for
|
|
the netboot client:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkdir -p /export/client/root"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Put the following line in
|
|
.Pa /etc/exports
|
|
to enable NFS sharing:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your server is currently running NFS services, you only need to
|
|
.Ic "kill -HUP"
|
|
the
|
|
.Ic mountd
|
|
process. Otherwise, you need to run:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/mountd"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/nfsd -tun 4"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, you need to place the files your netboot client will need.
|
|
As noted above in the section
|
|
.Sx Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation
|
|
you have several options when choosing a location to store the
|
|
distribution
|
|
filesets. However, the easiest way is to put the distribution
|
|
files into the exported directory for your client on the server.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mv *.tgz /export/client/root"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Your client will need a kernel to boot (use
|
|
.Pa installation/netbsd.ram.gz ) .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "gunzip netbsd.ram.gz"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mv netbsd.ram /export/client/root/netbsd"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip forward to
|
|
.Sx Installing the NetBSD System
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Boot the floppy image off a bootable SCSI or IDE drive"
|
|
.br
|
|
(Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 1.1.22, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open
|
|
Firmware 2.4)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the boot floppy image is compressed, then you will need to uncompress
|
|
it first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Find a spare bootable drive (i.e. SCSI or IDE), and use some tool to write
|
|
the floppy disk image
|
|
.Pa installation/boot.fs
|
|
to your spare drive, and boot from that drive. For example, you could use
|
|
a Zip drive, a Jaz drive, a Compact Flash drive, or even a spare hard
|
|
drive. The floppy image has a
|
|
.Sq "partition zero"
|
|
bootloader which ultimately loads the installation kernel from the FFS
|
|
filesystem from the disk image.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -compact
|
|
.Em "From a UNIX machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "dd if=boot.fs of=/dev/rsd0c"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Pa /dev/rsd0c
|
|
is the
|
|
.Sq "whole disk"
|
|
partition for the drive you will be using. Be certain you have typed this
|
|
correctly, as it will erase the disk.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a Windows machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get
|
|
.Ic rawrite32.exe
|
|
from
|
|
.Lk http://www.duskware.com/rawrite32/
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Be certain you have selected the correct disk, as it will erase the
|
|
contents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "From a MacOS machine"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get
|
|
.Ic suntar
|
|
from
|
|
.Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/suntar-222.hqx
|
|
.(enum
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Preferences
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Expert Mode"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq File
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Open Device ..."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Click on the
|
|
.Dq "scan SCSI"
|
|
button to get a list of which drives are attached.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Pick the correct drive. Be certain you have selected the correct disk, as
|
|
it will erase the contents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq Special
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Overwrite Sectors ..."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Hit return (i.e. start at sector number zero)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Select
|
|
.Pa boot.fs
|
|
and click
|
|
.Dq Open
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Open the
|
|
.Sq File
|
|
menu and pick
|
|
.Sq "Close Device"
|
|
.enum)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.bullet)
|