321 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
321 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.10 2003/08/07 10:31:28 agc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_vax.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd April 19, 1994
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.Dt BOOT 8 vax
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd
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system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Sy Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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Provided the auto-restart is enabled on the machine front panel,
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an automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Pp
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.Sy Cold starts
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These are processor-type dependent.
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On an 11/780, there are two floppy files for each disk controller,
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both of which cause boots from unit 0 of the root file system
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of a controller located on mba0 or uba0.
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One gives a single user shell, while the other invokes the multi-user
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automatic reboot.
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Thus these files are
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.Tn HPS
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and
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.Tn HPM
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for the single
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and multi-user boot from
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.Tn MASSBUS
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RP06/RM03/RM05 disks,
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.Tn UPS
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and
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.Tn UPM
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for
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.Tn UNIBUS
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storage module controller and disks
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such as the
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.Tn EMULEX
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SC-21
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and
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.Tn AMPEX
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9300 pair,
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.Tn RAS
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and
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.Tn RAM
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to boot from
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.Tn MSCP
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controllers and disks such as the RA81,
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or
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.Tn HKS
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and
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.Tn HKM
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for RK07 disks.
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There is also a script for booting from the default device,
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which is normally a copy of one of the standard multi-user boot scripts,
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but which may be modified to perform other actions
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or to boot from a different unit.
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The situation on the 8600 is similar, with scripts loaded from the console RL02.
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.Pp
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Giving the command
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.Pp
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.Dl \*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]BOOT HPM
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.Pp
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would boot the system from (e.g.) an RP06 and run the automatic consistency
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check as described in
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.Xr fsck 8 .
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(Note that it may
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be necessary to type control-P
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and halt the processor
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to gain the attention of the
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.Tn LSI-11
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before getting the \*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt] prompt.)
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The command
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.Pp
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.Dl \*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]BOOT ANY
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.Pp
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invokes a version of the boot program in a way which allows you to
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specify any system as the system to be booted.
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It reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed
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immediately by a pathname.
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.Pp
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The scripts may be modified for local configuration if necessary.
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The flags are placed in register 11 (as defined in
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.Aq Pa sys/reboot.h ) .
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The boot device is specified in register 10.
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The encoding of this register is also defined in
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.Aq Pa sys/reboot.h .
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The current encoding has a historical basis, and is shown in the following
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table:
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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bits usage
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0-7 boot device type (the device major number)
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8-15 disk partition
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16-19 drive unit
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20-23 controller number
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24-27 adaptor number (UNIBUS or MASSBUS as appropriate)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The adaptor number corresponds to the normal configuration on the 11/750,
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and to the order in which adaptors are found on the 11/780 and 8600
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(generally the same as the numbers used by
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.Ux ) .
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.Pp
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On an 11/750, the reset button will boot from the device
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selected by the front panel boot device switch.
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In systems with RK07's, position B normally selects the RK07 for boot.
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This will boot multi-user.
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To boot from RK07 with boot flags you may specify
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Li \&\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]B/ Ns Fl n No DMA0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where, giving a
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.Ar n
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of 1 causes the boot program
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to ask for the name of the system to be bootstrapped,
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giving a
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.Ar n
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of 2 causes the boot program to come up single
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user, and a
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.Ar n
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of 3 causes both of these actions to occur.
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The ``DM'' specifies RK07, the ``A'' represents the adaptor number
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.Pf ( Tn UNIBUS
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or
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.Tn MASSBUS ) ,
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and the ``0'' is the drive unit number.
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Other disk types which may be used are DB
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.Pq Tn MASSBUS ,
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DD (TU58),
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and DU
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.Pf ( Tn UDA-50/RA
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disk).
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A non-zero disk partition can be used by adding (partition times 1000 hex)
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to
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.Ar n .
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.Pp
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The boot procedure on the Micro
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.Tn VAX
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II
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is similar.
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A switch on the back panel sets the power-up action
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to autoboot or to halt.
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When halted, the processor may be booted using the same syntax
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as on the 11/750.
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.Pp
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The 11/750 boot procedure uses the boot ROMs to load block 0 off of
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the specified device. The /usr/mdec directory contains a number
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of bootstrap programs for the various disks which should be placed
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in a new pack by
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.Xr disklabel 8 .
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Similarly, the Micro
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.Tn VAX
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II boot procedure loads a boot parameter block
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from block 0 of the disk.
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The
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.Ic rdboot
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.Dq bootstrap
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contains the correct parameters for an
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.Tn MSCP
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disk such
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as the RD53.
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.Pp
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On any processor, the
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.Em boot
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program
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finds the corresponding file on the given device
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.Pf ( Pa netbsd
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by default), loads that file
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into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address
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specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit
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of the specified entry address).
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.Pp
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The file specifications used with
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.Dq BOOT ANY
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or
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.Dq \&B/3
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are of the form:
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.Pp
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.Dl device(adaptor,controller,unit,minor)
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar device
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is the type of the device to be searched,
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.Ar adaptor
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is the
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.Tn UNIBUS
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or
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.Tn MASSBUS
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number of the adaptor to which the device is attached,
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.Ar controller
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is the unit number of the controller or
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.Tn MASSBUS
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tape formatter on that adaptor,
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.Ar unit
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is the unit number of the disk or transport slave unit of the tape,
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and
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.Ar minor
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is the disk partition or tape file number.
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Leading adaptor or controller numbers default to 0.
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Normal line editing characters can be used when typing the file specification.
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The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
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installation:
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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hp MASSBUS disk drive
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up UNIBUS storage module drive
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ht TE16,TU45,TU77 on MASSBUS
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kra storage module on a KDB50
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mt TU78 on MASSBUS
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hk RK07 on UNIBUS
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ra storage module on a MSCP-compatible UNIBUS controller
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rb storage module on a 730 IDC
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rl RL02 on UNIBUS
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tm TM11 emulation tape drives on UNIBUS
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tms TMSCP-compatible tape
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ts TS11 on UNIBUS
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ut UNIBUS TU45 emulator
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For example,
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to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0
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of unit 0 of a
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.Tn MASSBUS
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disk, type
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.Ql hp(0,0)netbsd
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to the boot prompt;
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.Ql hp(2,0,1,0)netbsd
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would specify drive 1 on
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.Tn MASSBUS
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adaptor 2;
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.Ql up(0,0)netbsd
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would specify a
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.Tn UNIBUS
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drive,
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.Ql hk(0,0)netbsd
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would specify
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an RK07 disk drive,
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.Ql ra(1,0,0,0)netbsd
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would specify a
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.Tn UDA50
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disk drive on a second
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.Tn UNIBUS ,
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and
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.Ql rb(0,0)netbsd
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would specify a
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disk on a 730
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.Tn IDC .
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For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset;
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.Ql mt(1,2,3,4)
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would specify the fifth file on slave 3 of the formatter
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at
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.Ql drive
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2 on mba 1.
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.Pp
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On an 11/750 with patchable control store,
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microcode patches will be installed by
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.Em boot
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if the file
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.Pa psc750.bin
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exists in the root of the filesystem from which the system is booted.
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.Pp
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In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper
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.%T Installing and Operating 4.3bsd
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can be used to boot from a distribution tape.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/xxboot -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /boot
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system bootstrap
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/xxboot
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sector-0 boot block for 750, xx is disk type
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx
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second-stage boot for 750, xx is disk type
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.It Pa /pcs750.bin
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microcode patch file on 750
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr arff 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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