707 lines
16 KiB
Groff
707 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: dig.1,v 1.7 2002/07/23 22:43:08 itojun Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Id: dig.1,v 8.9 2002/06/18 01:53:43 marka Exp
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.\"
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.\" ++Copyright++ 1993
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.\" -
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\" -
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.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
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.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
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.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
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.\" specific, written prior permission.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
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.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
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.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
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.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
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.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
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.\" SOFTWARE.
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.\" -
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.\" --Copyright--
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.\"
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.\" Distributed with 'dig' version 2.0 from University of Southern
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.\" California Information Sciences Institute (USC-ISI).
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.\"
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.\" dig.1 2.0 (USC-ISI) 8/30/90
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.\"
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.Dd August 30, 1990
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.Dt DIG 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm dig
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.Nd send domain name query packets to name servers
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm dig
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.Op Ic @ Ns Ar server
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.Ar domain
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.Op Aq Ar query-type
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.Op Aq Ar query-class
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.Op Ic + Ns Aq Ar query-option
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.Op Fl Aq Ar dig-option
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.Op Ar %comment
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ic Dig
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(domain information groper) is a flexible command line tool
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which can be used to gather information from the Domain
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Name System servers.
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.Ic Dig
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has two modes: simple interactive mode
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for a single query, and batch mode which executes a query for
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each in a list of several query lines. All query options are
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accessible from the command line.
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.Pp
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The usual simple use of
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.Ic dig
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will take the form:
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.Pp
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
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.Ic dig @ Ns Ar server domain query-type query-class
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ar server
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may be either a domain name or a raw (IPv4 / IPv6)
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Internet address. If this optional field is omitted,
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.Ic dig
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will attempt to use the default name server for your machine.
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.sp 1
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.Em Note :
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If a domain name is specified, this will be resolved
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using the domain name system resolver (i.e., BIND). If your
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system does not support DNS, you may
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.Em have
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to specify a
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dot-notation address. Alternatively, if there is a server
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at your disposal somewhere, all that is required is that
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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be present and indicate where the default
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name servers reside, so that
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.Ar server
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itself can be resolved. See
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.Xr resolv.conf 5
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for information on
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
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.Sy WARNING :
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Changing
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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will affect both the standard resolver library and
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.Pq potentially
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several programs which use it.
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As an option, the user may set the
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environment variable
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.Ev LOCALRES
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to name a file which is to
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be used instead of
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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.Po Ns Ev LOCALRES
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is specific to the
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.Ic dig
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resolver and is not referenced by the standard resolver
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.Pc .
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If the
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.Ev LOCALRES
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variable is not set or the specified file
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is not readable, then
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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will be used.
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.It Ar domain
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is the domain name for which you are requesting information.
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See the
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.Fl x
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option (documented in the
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.Sx OTHER OPTIONS
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subsection of this section) for convenient way to specify reverse address
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query.
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.It Ar query-type
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is the type of information (DNS query type) that
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you are requesting. If omitted, the default is
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.Dq Ar a
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.Pq Dv T_A = Ar address .
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The following types are recognized:
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.Pp
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.Bl -hang -width "hinfo T_HINFO " -compact
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.It Ar a\ \ \ \ \ \ Dv T_A
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network address
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.It Ar any\ \ \ \ Dv T_ANY
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all/any information about specified domain
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.It Ar mx\ \ \ \ \ Dv T_MX
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mail exchanger for the domain
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.It Ar ns\ \ \ \ \ Dv T_NS
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name servers
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.It Ar soa\ \ \ \ Dv T_SOA
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zone of authority record
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.It Ar hinfo\ \ Dv T_HINFO
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host information
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.It Ar axfr\ \ \ Dv T_AXFR
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zone transfer (must ask an authoritative server)
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.It Ar txt\ \ \ \ Dv T_TXT
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arbitrary number of strings
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.El
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.Pp
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(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
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.It Ar query-class
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is the network class requested in the query. If
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omitted, the default is
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.Dq Ar in
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.Pq Dv C_IN = Ar Internet .
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The following classes are recognized:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "hinfo T_HINFO " -compact
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.It Ar in\ \ \ \ \ Dv C_IN
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Internet class domain
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.It Ar any\ \ \ \ Dv C_ANY
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all/any class information
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.El
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.Pp
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(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
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.Pp
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.Em Note :
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.Dq Ar Any
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can be used to specify a
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.Em class
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and/or a
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.Em type
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of query.
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.Ic Dig
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will parse the first occurrence of
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.Dq Ar any
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to mean
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.Ar query-type = Dv T_ANY .
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To specify
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.Ar query-class = Dv C_ANY ,
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you must either specify
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.Dq any
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twice, or set
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.Ar query-class
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using the
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.Fl c
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option (see below).
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.El
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.Ss OTHER OPTIONS
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It % Ns Ar ignored-comment
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.Dq %
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is used to included an argument that is simply not
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parsed. This may be useful if running
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.Ic dig
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in batch
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mode. Instead of resolving every
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.Ar @server-domain-name
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in a list of queries, you can avoid the overhead of doing
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so, and still have the domain name on the command line
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as a reference. Example:
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.Pp
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
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.Ic dig @128.9.0.32 %venera.isi.edu mx isi.edu
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.It Fl Aq Ar dig option
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.Dq Fl
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is used to specify an option which affects the operation of
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.Ic dig .
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The following options are currently
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available (although not guaranteed to be useful):
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Fl x Ar dot-notation-address
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Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping.
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Instead of
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.Dq Ic dig 32.0.9.28.in-addr.arpa ,
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one can simply
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.Dq Ic dig -x 28.9.0.32 .
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.It Fl x Ar IPv6-address
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Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping.
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Instead of
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.Dq Ic dig 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa ,
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one can simply
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.Dq Ic dig -x ::1 .
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.It Fl f Ar file
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File for
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.Ic dig
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batch mode. The file contains a list
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of query specifications
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(
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.Ns Ic dig
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command lines) which are to be executed successively. Lines beginning with
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.Sq \&; ,
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.Sq # ,
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or
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.Sq \en
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are ignored. Other options
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may still appear on command line, and will be in
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effect for each batch query.
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.It Fl T Ar time
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Time in seconds between start of successive
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queries when running in batch mode. Can be used
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to keep two or more batch
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.Ic dig
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commands running
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roughly in sync. Default is zero.
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.It Fl p Ar port
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Port number. Query a name server listening to a
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non-standard port number. Default is 53.
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.It Fl P Ns Bq Ar ping-string
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After query returns, execute a
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.Xr ping 8
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command for response time comparison. This rather
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unelegantly makes a call to the shell. The last
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three lines of statistics is printed for the
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command:
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.Pp
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
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.Ic ping Fl s server_name 56 3
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If the optional
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.Dq Ar ping_string
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is present, it
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replaces
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.Dq Ic ping Fl s
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in the shell command.
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.It Fl t Ar query-type
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Specify type of query. May specify either an
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integer value to be included in the type field
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or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed
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above (i.e.,
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.Ar mx = Dv T_MX ) .
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.It Fl c Ar query-class
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Specify class of query. May specify either an
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integer value to be included in the class field
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or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed
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above (i.e., in = C_IN).
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.It Fl k Ar keydir:keyname
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Sign the query with the TSIG key named keyname
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that is in the directory keydir.
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.It Fl envsav
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This flag specifies that the
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.Ic dig
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environment
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(defaults, print options, etc.), after
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all of the arguments are parsed, should be saved
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to a file to become the default environment.
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This is useful if you do not like the standard set of
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defaults and do not desire to include a
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large number of options each time
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.Ic dig
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is used. The environment consists of resolver state
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variable flags, timeout, and retries as well as the flags detailing
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.Ic dig
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output (see below).
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If the shell environment variable
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.Ev LOCALDEF
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is set to the name of a file, this is where the default
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.Ic dig
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environment is saved. If not, the file
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.Dq Pa DiG.env
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is created in the current working directory.
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.Pp
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.Em Note :
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.Ev LOCALDEF
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is specific to the
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.Ic dig
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resolver,
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and will not affect operation of the standard
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resolver library.
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.Pp
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Each time
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.Ic dig
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is executed, it looks for
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.Dq Pa ./DiG.env
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or the file specified by the shell environment variable
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.Ev LOCALDEF .
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If such file exists and is readable, then the
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environment is restored from this file before any arguments are parsed.
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.It Fl envset
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This flag only affects batch query runs. When
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.Dq Fl envset
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is specified on a line in a
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.Ic dig
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batch file, the
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.Ic dig
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environment after the arguments are parsed
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becomes the default environment for the duration of
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the batch file, or until the next line which specifies
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.Dq Fl envset .
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.It Xo
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.Fl Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm stick
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.Xc
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This flag only affects batch query runs.
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It specifies that the
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.Ic dig
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environment (as read initially
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or set by
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.Dq Fl envset
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switch) is to be restored before each query (line) in a
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.Ic dig
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batch file.
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The default
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.Dq Fl nostick
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means that the
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.Ic dig
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environment does not stick, hence options specified on a single line
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in a
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.Ic dig
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batch file will remain in effect for
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subsequent lines (i.e. they are not restored to the
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.Dq sticky
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default).
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.El
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.It Ic + Ns Aq Ar query-option
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.Dq +
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is used to specify an option to be changed in the query packet or to change
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.Ic dig
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output specifics. Many of these are the same parameters accepted by
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.Xr nslookup 8 .
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If an option requires a parameter, the form is as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
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.Ic +
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.Ns Ar keyword
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.Ns Op = Ns Ar value
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Most keywords can be abbreviated. Parsing of the
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.Dq +
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options is very simplistic \(em a value must not be
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separated from its keyword by white space. The following
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keywords are currently available:
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.Pp
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Keyword Abbrev. Meaning [default]
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "[no]primary (ret) " -compact
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm debug\ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm deb
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.Xc
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turn on/off debugging mode
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.Bq Cm deb
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm d2\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
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.Xc
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turn on/off extra debugging mode
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.Bq Cm nod2
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm recurse\ \
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.Pq Cm rec
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.Xc
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use/don't use recursive lookup
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.Bq Cm rec
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.It Xo
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.Cm retry= Ns Ar #
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.Cm \ \ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm ret
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.Xc
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set number of retries to #
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.Bq 4
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.It Xo
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.Cm time= Ns Ar #
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.Cm \ \ \ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm ti
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.Xc
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set timeout length to # seconds
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.Bq 4
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm ko
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.Xc
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keep open option (implies vc)
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.Bq Cm noko
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm vc
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.Xc
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use/don't use virtual circuit
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.Bq Cm novc
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm defname\ \
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.Pq Cm def
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.Xc
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use/don't use default domain name
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.Bq Cm def
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm search\ \ \
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.Pq Cm sea
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.Xc
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use/don't use domain search list
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.Bq Cm sea
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.It Xo
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.Cm domain= Ns Ar NAME\ \
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.Pq Cm do
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.Xc
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set default domain name to
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.Ar NAME
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm ignore\ \ \
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.Pq Cm i
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.Xc
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ignore/don't ignore trunc. errors
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.Bq Cm noi
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm primary\ \
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.Pq Cm pr
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.Xc
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use/don't use primary server
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.Bq Cm nopr
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm aaonly\ \ \
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.Pq Cm aa
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.Xc
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authoritative query only flag
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.Bq Cm noaa
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm cmd
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.Xc
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echo parsed arguments
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.Bq Cm cmd
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm stats\ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm st
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.Xc
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print query statistics
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.Bq Cm st
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm Header\ \ \
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.Pq Cm H
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.Xc
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print basic header
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.Bq Cm H
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm header\ \ \
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.Pq Cm he
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.Xc
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print header flags
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.Bq Cm he
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm ttlid\ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm tt
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.Xc
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print TTLs
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.Bq Cm tt
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm trunc\ \ \ \
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.Pq Cm tr
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.Xc
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truncate origin from names
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.Bq Cm tr
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.It Xo
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.Op Cm no
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.Ns Cm cl
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.Xc
|
|
print class info
|
|
.Bq Cm nocl
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm qr
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print outgoing query
|
|
.Bq Cm noqr
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm reply\ \ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm rep
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print reply
|
|
.Bq Cm rep
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm ques\ \ \ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm qu
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print question section
|
|
.Bq Cm qu
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm answer\ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm an
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print answer section
|
|
.Bq Cm an
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm author\ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm au
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print authoritative section
|
|
.Bq Cm au
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm addit\ \ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm ad
|
|
.Xc
|
|
print additional section
|
|
.Bq Cm ad
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm dnssec\ \ \
|
|
.Pq Cm \ddn
|
|
.Xc
|
|
set the DNSSEC OK bit in the OPT pseudo record
|
|
.Bq Cm nodn
|
|
.It Cm pfdef
|
|
set to default print flags
|
|
.It Cm pfmin
|
|
set to minimal default print flags
|
|
.It Cm pfset= Ns Ar #
|
|
set print flags to #
|
|
(# can be hex/octal/decimal)
|
|
.It Cm pfand= Ns Ar #
|
|
bitwise and print flags with #
|
|
.It Cm pfor= Ns Ar #
|
|
bitwise or print flags with #
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm retry
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm time
|
|
options affect the retransmission strategy used by the resolver
|
|
library when sending datagram queries. The algorithm is as follows:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
for i = 0 to retry - 1
|
|
for j = 1 to num_servers
|
|
send_query
|
|
wait((time * (2**i)) / num_servers)
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(Note:
|
|
.Ic dig
|
|
always uses a value of 1 for
|
|
.Dq Li num_servers . )
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss DETAILS
|
|
.Ic Dig
|
|
once required a slightly modified version of the BIND
|
|
.Xr resolver 3
|
|
library. As of BIND 4.9, BIND's resolver has been augmented to work
|
|
properly with
|
|
.Ic dig .
|
|
Essentially,
|
|
.Ic dig
|
|
is a straight-forward
|
|
(albeit not pretty) effort of parsing arguments and setting appropriate
|
|
parameters.
|
|
.Ic Dig
|
|
uses
|
|
.Xr resolver 3
|
|
routines
|
|
.Fn res_init ,
|
|
.Fn res_mkquery ,
|
|
.Fn res_send
|
|
as well as accessing the
|
|
.Ft _res
|
|
structure.
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "LOCALRES " -compact
|
|
.It Ev LOCALRES
|
|
file to use in place of Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
.It Ev LOCALDEF
|
|
default environment file
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See also the explanation of the
|
|
.Fl envsav ,
|
|
.Fl envset ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xo
|
|
.Fl Op Cm no
|
|
.Ns Cm stick
|
|
.Xc
|
|
options, above.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/resolv.conf " -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
initial domain name and name server addresses
|
|
.It Pa \./DiG.env
|
|
default save file for default options
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr named 8 ,
|
|
.Xr resolver 3 ,
|
|
.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr nslookup 8 .
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
RFC 1035.
|
|
.Sh AUTHOR
|
|
Steve Hotz
|
|
hotz@isi.edu
|
|
.Sh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
|
|
.Ic Dig
|
|
uses functions from
|
|
.Xr nslookup 8
|
|
authored by Andrew Cherenson.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
.Ic Dig
|
|
has a serious case of "creeping featurism" -- the result of
|
|
considering several potential uses during it's development. It would
|
|
probably benefit from a rigorous diet. Similarly, the print flags
|
|
and granularity of the items they specify make evident their
|
|
rather ad hoc genesis.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ic Dig
|
|
does not consistently exit nicely (with appropriate status)
|
|
when a problem occurs somewhere in the resolver
|
|
.Po
|
|
.Sy NOTE :
|
|
most of the common exit cases are handled
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
This is particularly annoying when running in
|
|
batch mode. If it exits abnormally (and is not caught), the entire
|
|
batch aborts; when such an event is trapped,
|
|
.Ic dig
|
|
simply
|
|
continues with the next query.
|