551 lines
17 KiB
Groff
551 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.51 2001/06/05 11:22:45 wiz Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)ifconfig.8 8.4 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd April 27, 2001
|
|
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Nd configure network interface parameters
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Ar interface address_family
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
.Op Ar dest_address
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Op Ar parameters
|
|
.Nm ""
|
|
.Op Fl mL
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Op Ar protocol_family
|
|
.Nm ""
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl mL
|
|
.Op Fl b
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl s
|
|
.Op Ar protocol_family
|
|
.Nm ""
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
.Op Fl b
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl s
|
|
.Nm ""
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Nm ""
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is used to assign an address
|
|
to a network interface and/or configure
|
|
network interface parameters.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
must be used at boot time to define the network address
|
|
of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
|
|
a later time to redefine an interface's address
|
|
or other operating parameters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Available operands for
|
|
.Nm "" :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Ar address
|
|
For the
|
|
.Tn DARPA-Internet
|
|
family,
|
|
the address is either a host name present in the host name data
|
|
base,
|
|
.Xr hosts 5 ,
|
|
or a
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
|
|
.Dq dot notation .
|
|
For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
|
|
addresses are
|
|
.Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar net
|
|
is the assigned network number (in decimal),
|
|
and each of the six bytes of the host number,
|
|
.Ar a
|
|
through
|
|
.Ar f ,
|
|
are specified in hexadecimal.
|
|
The host number may be omitted on Ethernet interfaces,
|
|
which use the hardware physical address,
|
|
and on interfaces other than the first.
|
|
For the
|
|
.Tn ISO
|
|
family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
|
|
as in the Xerox family. However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
|
|
byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
|
|
count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
|
|
.It Ar address_family
|
|
Specifies the
|
|
.Ar address family
|
|
which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
|
|
Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
|
|
with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
|
|
The address or protocol families currently
|
|
supported are
|
|
.Dq inet ,
|
|
.Dq inet6 ,
|
|
.Dq atalk ,
|
|
.Dq iso ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq ns .
|
|
.It Ar interface
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
parameter is a string of the form
|
|
.Dq name unit ,
|
|
for example,
|
|
.Dq en0
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters may be set with
|
|
.Nm "" :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
|
|
.It Cm alias
|
|
Establish an additional network address for this interface.
|
|
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
|
|
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
|
|
.It Fl alias
|
|
Remove the specified network address alias.
|
|
.It Cm arp
|
|
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
|
|
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
|
|
This is currently implemented for mapping between
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet
|
|
addresses and Ethernet addresses.
|
|
.It Fl arp
|
|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
|
|
.It Cm anycast
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Set the IPv6 anycast address bit.
|
|
.It Fl anycast
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Clear the IPv6 anycast address bit.
|
|
.It Cm broadcast Ar mask
|
|
(Inet only)
|
|
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
|
|
network.
|
|
The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
|
|
.It Cm debug
|
|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
|
|
extra console error logging.
|
|
.It Fl debug
|
|
Disable driver dependent debugging code.
|
|
.ne 1i
|
|
.It Cm delete
|
|
Remove the network address specified.
|
|
This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
|
|
was no longer needed.
|
|
If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
|
|
of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
|
|
allow you to respecify the host portion.
|
|
.Cm delete
|
|
does not work for IPv6 addresses.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
with explicit IPv6 address instead.
|
|
.It Ar dest_address
|
|
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
|
|
of a point to point link.
|
|
.It Cm down
|
|
Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
|
|
marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
|
|
transmit messages through that interface.
|
|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
|
|
This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
|
|
.It Cm ipdst
|
|
This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
|
|
ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
|
|
An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
|
|
the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
|
|
of the destination.
|
|
IP encapsulation of
|
|
.Tn CLNP
|
|
packets is done differently.
|
|
.It Cm media Ar type
|
|
Set the media type of the interface to
|
|
.Ar type .
|
|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
|
|
different physical media connectors. For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
|
|
interface might support the use of either
|
|
.Tn AUI
|
|
or twisted pair connectors. Setting the media type to
|
|
.Dq 10base5
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq AUI
|
|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
|
|
Setting it to
|
|
.Dq 10baseT
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq UTP
|
|
would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
|
|
specific man page for a complete list of the available types.
|
|
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
Set the specified media options on the interface.
|
|
.Ar opts
|
|
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
|
|
list of available options.
|
|
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
Disable the specified media options on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm instance Ar minst
|
|
Set the media instance to
|
|
.Ar minst .
|
|
This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
|
|
(PHYs). Setting the instance on such devices may not be strictly required
|
|
by the network interface driver as the driver may take care of this
|
|
automatically; see the driver's manual page for more information.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n .
|
|
Most interfaces don't support this option.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
(Inet, inet6 and ISO)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For INET and INET6 addresses, the netmask can also be given with
|
|
slash-notation after the address (e.g 192.168.17.3/24).
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
only)
|
|
This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.Tn NSAP
|
|
used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
taken to be the
|
|
.Tn NET
|
|
(Network Entity Title).
|
|
The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.Tn GOSIP .
|
|
When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
it is really the
|
|
.Tn NSAP
|
|
which is being specified.
|
|
For example, in
|
|
.Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
20 hex digits should be
|
|
specified in the
|
|
.Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
for
|
|
.Tn AFI
|
|
37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar id
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Configure network ID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar id
|
|
can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
|
|
or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
|
|
The empty string allows the interface to connect to any available
|
|
access points.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Ar key
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
|
|
with the
|
|
.Ar key .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits, or a set of keys
|
|
in the form
|
|
.Ar n:k1,k2,k3,k4 ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
specifies which of keys will be used for all transmitted packets,
|
|
and four keys,
|
|
.Ar k1
|
|
through
|
|
.Ar k4 ,
|
|
are configured as WEP keys.
|
|
Note that the order must be match within same network if multiple keys
|
|
are used.
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless network, the length of each key is restricted to
|
|
40 bits, i.e. 5-character string or 10 hexadecimal digits,
|
|
while the WaveLAN/IEEE Gold cards accept the 104 bits (13 characters) key.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Disable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Enable 802.11 power saving mode.
|
|
.It Fl powersave
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Disable 802.11 power saving mode.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar duration
|
|
(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
|
|
Set the receiver sleep duration in milliseconds for 802.11 power saving mode.
|
|
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr Ar dest_addr
|
|
(IP tunnel devices only)
|
|
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces (gif). The arguments
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dest_addr
|
|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
|
|
IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces previously configured with
|
|
.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm create
|
|
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
.It Cm destroy
|
|
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
.It Cm pltime Ar n
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Set preferred lifetime for the address.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar n
|
|
(inet and inet6 only)
|
|
Effect is similar to
|
|
.Cm netmask .
|
|
but you can specify by prefix length by digits.
|
|
.It Cm deprecated
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Set the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
|
|
.It Fl deprecated
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Clear the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
|
|
.It Cm tentative
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
|
|
.It Fl tentative
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
|
|
.It Cm link[0-2]
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation. An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some ethernet cards. Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.ne 1i
|
|
.It Fl link[0-2]
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface ``up''.
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.It Cm vlan Ar tag
|
|
If the interface is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface, set the VLAN tag to
|
|
.Ar tag .
|
|
This is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q VLAN header for
|
|
packets sent from the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface. Note that
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlanif
|
|
must be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vlanif Ar iface
|
|
If the interface is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface, associate the physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with it. Packets transmitted through the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface will be diverted to the specified physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation. Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
|
|
by the physical interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to the
|
|
associated
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface. The VLAN interface is assigned a copy of the physical
|
|
interface's flags and
|
|
.Tn Ethernet
|
|
address.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface already has a physical interface associated with it, this command
|
|
will fail. To change the association to another physical interface, the
|
|
existing association must be cleared first.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm vlanif
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
must be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vltime Ar n
|
|
(inet6 only)
|
|
Set valid lifetime for the address.
|
|
.It Cm ip4csum
|
|
Enable hardware-assisted IPv4 header checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm -ip4csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted IPv4 header checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm tcp4csum
|
|
Enable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm -tcp4csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm udp4csum
|
|
Enable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm -udp4csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv4 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm tcp6csum
|
|
Enable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm -tcp6csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted TCP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm udp6csum
|
|
Enable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.It Cm -udp6csum
|
|
Disable hardware-assisted UDP/IPv6 checksums on interfaces that
|
|
support it.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm
|
|
displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol
|
|
family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to query the interface for its media status. If the
|
|
interface supports reporting media status, and it reports that it does
|
|
not appear to be connected to a network,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will exit with status of 1 (false); otherwise, it will exit with a
|
|
zero (true) exit status. Not all interface drivers support media
|
|
status reporting.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display all of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name. This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are down,
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up,
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
limits this to broadcast interfaces, and
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
omits interfaces which appear not to be connected to a network.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down),
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up),
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
(only list interfaces that may be connected),
|
|
.Fl b
|
|
(only list broadcast interfaces).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information. Use of this flag is
|
|
mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|