693 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
693 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.16 1999/04/19 23:38:38 ross Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Pp
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Installation of NetBSD/alpha is now easier than ever!
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For the latest news, problem reports, and discussion, join
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the port-alpha mainlist by mailing a line saying
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.Dl subscribe port-alpha
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to
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.Mt majordomo@netsbd.org .
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Also, see
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org
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for more information.
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.Pp
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If you encounter any problems, please report them via the mailing list or the
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.Xr send-pr 1
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program so that they can be fixed for the next release.
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.Pp
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To install or upgrade NetBSD, you need to first boot an installation
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program and then interact with the screen-menu program
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.Ic sysinst .
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The installation program actually consists of the NetBSD kernel plus
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an in-memory file system of utility programs.
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.Pp
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The usual procedure is to write the installation system to a floppy
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disk set and then boot from the floppies, however, there
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are now six ways to boot the NetBSD/alpha installation system! Each approach
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loads the exact same installation bits.
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The six paths are:
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.Pp
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.
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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Floppy disk boot
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.It
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CD boot
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.It
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Hard Drive Boot
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.It
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Magnetic Tape Boot
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.It
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Existing Root FS Boot
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.It
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Network boot
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.El
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.
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.Pp
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In all cases, you need to transfer a
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bootable image of the installation system
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from the NetBSD CD or from an ftp site to the chosen media type.
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Although booting from floppy is the usual path, the
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hard drive boot is useful if you have another operating system (and a spare
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drive) already installed, or if you don't mind swapping hard drives from
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box to box. CD and tape boots are nice and fast if you have a CD writer
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or a tape format in common with another previously installed Unix-like
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system. Finally, most versions of SRM can locate the NetBSD boot program
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.Ic netboot
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via bootp and download it via tftp,
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.Ic netboot
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then mounts the root file system via NFS and loads the kernel.
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.
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.
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.Bl -enum -compact
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.Pp
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.It
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Floppy disk boot
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.Pp
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The 3.5", 1.44 MB boot floppy set is found under the
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NetBSD/alpha \*V distribution directory in
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.Pa alpha/installation/floppy/
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as two files called
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.Pa disk1of2
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and
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.Pa disk2of2 .
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You need to put these two disk images on two floppy disks.
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.Pp
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If you have a Unix system handy, you can do this with commands
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like the following:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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dd if=disk1of2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=18k
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dd if=disk2of2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=18k
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If the Unix system you are using is not a NetBSD system, you will
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probably need to replace
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.Li /dev/rfd0a
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with the name of the floppy device on your particular system.
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.Pp
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If you have an MS-DOS or Windows system available, you can use
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the
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.Ic rawrite.exe
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utility to transfer the image to a floppy
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disk. This utility is provided with the NetBSD/i386 install
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tools, under
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.Pa i386/installation/misc ;
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a documentation file,
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.Ic rawrite.doc
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is available there as well.
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.Pp
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Once the floppy has been made, you simply need to put it in the
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drive and type
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.Dl \*>\*>\*> B DVA0
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.Pp
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.It
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CD boot
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.It
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Hard Drive boot
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.It
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Magnetic Tape Boot
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.Pp
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All three of these media types use the same initial image:
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.Dl \&.../installation/diskimage/cdhdtape
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The image can be written to a hard drive partition with a command
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like:
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.Dl "dd if=cdhdtape bs=16k of=/dev/rsd0c"
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To boot from a magnetic tape device such as
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.Tn DAT
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or
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.Tn DLT ,
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it is important
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to create the tape image with 512-byte records. Use a command like:
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.Dl "dd if=cdhdtape bs=512 of=/dev/rst0"
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If the host system is not NetBSD, the names of the destination devices
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are likely to be different. Be sure to use a
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.Dq "raw partition"
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device that doesn't skip over labels!
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.Pp
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The use of CD-R devices varies greatly depending on the host OS
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and host software; it isn't possible to give typical instructions here.
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.Pp
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.It
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Existing Root FS Boot
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.Pp
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The installation subdirectory
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.Pa instkernel/
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contains
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.Pa netbsd.gz ;
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this is the same install kernel but without a bootable filesystem
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image wrapped around it. You can perform an complete reinstall
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by beginning it as an upgrade, and booting this kernel in the
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normal way off the root file system of a previous installation.
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.Pp
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The gzipped image can be booted directly; it is not necessary to
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uncompress it first.
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.Pp
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.It
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Network Boot
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.Pp
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Booting NetBSD/alpha \*V over a network requires a BOOTP or
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DHCP server, a TFTP server and an NFS server. (These are usually
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all run on the same machine.) There are three basic stages to
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the boot:
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.Pp
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.
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.
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Alpha console software sends a BOOTP request to get its
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own address, the address of the TFTP server and the file to
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download. It downloads this file, which is the second stage
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bootstrap, via TFTP and then executes it.
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.It
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The secondary boot program resends the BOOTP request, this
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time also locating the NFS server and root path. It mounts the
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root path via NFS and reads in and transfers to the kernel:
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.Pa /netbsd .
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.It
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The kernel probes and configures the devices, and then sends
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out another BOOTP request so it can find out its address, the NFS
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server, and path. It then mounts its root via NFS and continues.
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.El
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.
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.
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.Pp
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You will need to set up servers for BOOTP, TFTP and NFS.
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.Pp
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If you want to run a full system
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from the network, untar the NetBSD snapshot or distribution
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into a directory on your server and NFS export that directory
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to the client. Make sure you put a kernel there as well, and
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create the device nodes in
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.Pa /dev
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with
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.Ic sh ./MAKEDEV all .
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Detailed instructions on netbooting can be found by visiting the
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.Nx
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Alpha platform page:
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.Pp
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\~\~\~\~\~
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/alpha
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.Pp
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At the time of this
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release, the URL for the netbooting instructions is:
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.Pp
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\~\~\~\~\~
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/netboot.html
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.Pp
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You'll want to map root to
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.Li root
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(rather than the default
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.Li nobody )
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when you export your root filesystem. A typical
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.Pa /etc/exports
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line on a NetBSD system would be:
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.Dl /usr/export/alpha -maproot=0 myclient.mydom.com
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.Pp
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One option is to load just the install kernel over the network but then
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proceed to a normal disk-based install and disk-based operation.
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(Perhaps the Alpha doesn't have a floppy drive, or you just don't
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want to use a Micro$oft Window$ system to make the floppy; we
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understand.)
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.Pp
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For this case, you still need to export an NFS root, but
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the only thing it needs to have in it is the
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.Li instkernel
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image from the distribution.
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.Pp
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The gzipped image can be booted directly; it is not necessary to
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uncompress it first.
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.Pp
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The console will be using TFTP to load the NetBSD boot program,
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so for the TFTP setup, you need to copy the second stage bootstrap,
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.Ic netboot ,
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into an appropriately named file such as
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.Li boot.netbsd.alpha
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in the directory used by your TFTP server. If you extracted a full
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snapshot, you can get the netboot program from
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.Pa /usr/mdec/netboot ;
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if not, you can get this from the
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.Pa installation/netboot
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directory where you found the alpha distribution.
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.Pp
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For the BOOTP server you need to specify the:
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.Pp
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.
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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hardware type (Ethernet)
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.It
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hardware address (Ethernet MAC address)
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.It
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IP address of the client
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.It
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subnet mask of the client
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.It
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address of of the TFTP/NFS server
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.It
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name of the second stage bootstrap loaded via TFTP
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.It
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path to the root for the client (mounted via NFS)
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.El
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.
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.Pp
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Here's an example for a Unix system running bootpd:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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myhost.mydom.com:\
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:ht=ethernet:ha=0000c0391ae4:\e
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:ip=192.168.1.2:sm=255.255.255.0:\e
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:sa=192.168.1.1:bf=boot.netbsd.alpha:rp=/usr/export/alpha:
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.Ed
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And here's an example for a Unix system running the ISC dhcpd:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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host axp {
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hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:39:1a:e4;
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fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
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option host-name "myhost.mydom.com";
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filename "boot.netbsd.alpha";
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option root-path "/usr/export/alpha";
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option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
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option broadcast-address 255.255.255.0;
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option domain-name "my.domain";
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}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The only Ethernet device the console on most Alpha systems
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knows how to boot from is the onboard Ethernet interface or a
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DEC Tulip (21040, 21041, 21140) PCI Ethernet card. Some
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older SMC 100 Mbps cards that use this chip have been known to
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work as well. Many older systems will not be able to use the
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newer 2.0 stepping of the 21140, however. If your system appears
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not to be receiving packets, this may be the problem. (You may
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or may not be able to update your firmware to fix this; see
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the alpha port pages on www.netbsd.org for more information on
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this.) In general, 10 Mb cards from manufacturers other than
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.Tn DEC
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will work, and 100 Mb cards not from
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.Tn DEC
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will not.
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.Pp
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Once you're set up, you should be able to boot with:
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.Dl "\*>\*>\*> boot -proto bootp ewa0"
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.Pp
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You should permanently set your protocol to
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.Tn BOOTP
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with:
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.Dl "\*>\*>\*> set ewa0_protocols bootp"
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.Pp
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The 3000 series of Turbochannel systems and certain other models use
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.Em old SRM ,
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do not have a
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.Fl Ic proto
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option and use different device names. They also tend to not netboot very
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well so you probably don't need to worry about this section. However, if you
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want to give it a try, note the following differences:
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent
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.It
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There is no
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.Fl Ar proto
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argument, or
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.Ic ewa0_protocols
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variable. Old SRM uses bootp if the device name is given as
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.Sy ez0 .
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.It
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The use of the
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.Xr setnetbootinfo 8
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program will probably also be necessary, as it is unlikely that an SRM
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from that era will properly communicate the ethernet HW address to the
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boot program.
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.It
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Example:
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.Dl \*>\*>\*>\ boot\ ez0
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.El
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.El
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.
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.
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.Pp
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.so ../common/sysinst
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.
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.Ss2 "Manual and Script-Assisted Installation"
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.
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All of the installation procedures consist of
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putting a label on the disk to provide information on
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the sizes and placement of the partitions into which the disk
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is divided, putting the boot blocks on the disk, creating the
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filesystems on the partitions, and unpacking the distribution
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tar archives.
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.
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.
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Disk prep: label, boot block, and file system setup
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.
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.
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.Bl -tag -width 3n
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.It A.
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Manual Install from the Shell Prompt
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.Pp
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The normal installation involves running the install shell script
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and interactively configuring the file systems, and then simply
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unpacking the tar files into these followed by running MAKEDEV.
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.Pp
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However, as stated above it is also possible to do the installation yourself
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from the shell, and in any case it is helpful to understand
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what the install script does. The procedure is:
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.Pp
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.
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.
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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create
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.Pa /etc/disktab ,
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see
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.Xr disktab 5
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.It
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run
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.It
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run
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.Xr newfs 8
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.It
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.Xr mount 8
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the new root on
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.Pa /mnt
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.It
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cd to
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.Pa /usr/mdec
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and run
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.Xr installboot 8
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.El
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.
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.
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.Pp
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If you are reviewing man pages on NetBSD platforms other than
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alpha, be sure that when reading
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.Xr installboot 8
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you read the alpha
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version by typing: "man 8 alpha/installboot".
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.Pp
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At this point you need only unpack the distribution sets by running
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.Xr tar 1
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as described below.
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.It B.
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.Li /install
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and
|
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.Li /upgrade
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traditional installation scripts
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.Pp
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The
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.Li install
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and
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.Li upgrade
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scripts are still there, so by exiting the sysinst program you can type
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.Li install
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or
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.Li upgrade
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at the shell prompt and run them as you did in the good old days.
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.Pp
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You may install
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on either a SCSI or an IDE disk; you will be prompted for
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the disk to install on. The disks in your system will be numbered
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starting at xd0 (where x is an `s' for SCSI disks, `w' for IDE
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disks) based on the SCSI ID or IDE drive order; if you have
|
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more than one disk, watch the boot messages carefully to see
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which ones are probed as which numbers.
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.Pp
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Once you've selected a disk to install on, you'll be prompted
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for the geometry. This is also displayed in the boot messages,
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and you'll be given a chance to review the boot messages again
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to get the exact figures for the number of cylinders, heads
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and sectors.
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.Pp
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After this you must specify the size of your partitions.
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Generally you'll be giving the sizes in cylinders; the install
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program will tell you how many bytes there are in each cylinder.
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.Pp
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The swap partition is the second thing you specify, after the
|
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root partition. Regardless of the size of your disk, you'll
|
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want to specify a swap partition that's at least as large as
|
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the amount of RAM you have, and probably not less than 64 MB
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in any case.
|
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.Pp
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If you have a small disk (under 500 MB), it's probably best to
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devote all of the disk (excepting 64 MB or more for the swap)
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to the root partition.
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.Pp
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|
If you have more space, we recommend devoting at least 32 MB,
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and preferably 48 MB, to the root partition.
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.Pa /usr
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will need 150 MB or so if you're not installing X, 200 MB or so if you
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are. A typical organization is 50 MB for root, 150-250 MB for
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swap, and the remaining space for
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.Pa /usr .
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With enough swap space configured, you can make
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.Pa /tmp
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a nice, fast mfs. See
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.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
|
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and note that the mfs will require swap space for
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the largest planned amount of
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.Pa /tmp
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storage. It doesn't return
|
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space when files are deleted, but just keeps it its own freelist
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so the swap space required is equal to the highwater mark of
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.Pa /tmp
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use, plus space required to back up main memory and store inactive images.
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.Pp
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|
Once you've specified this information, the install script will
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write the disklabel, install boot blocks to make the disk
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bootable, initialise the filesystems, and mount them all under
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.Pa /mnt .
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You are now ready to go on to the next step.
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.
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.
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.El
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.
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.
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.It
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|
Configuration: arranging access to the distribution sets
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.Pp
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|
After doing the disk and file system setup with either
|
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shell commands or the script assist, you then need only
|
|
unpack the distribution sets with the
|
|
.Xr tar 1
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command.
|
|
To do this you will need access from the target host
|
|
to the tar files
|
|
that contain the operating system in order to extract them to your
|
|
disk. This is done via an NFS or FTP transfer over a network,
|
|
via a CD-ROM archive, a tape archive, or by preloading an accessible hard
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drive with the necesary tar files.
|
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.
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.
|
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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|
Preparing to Install from a CD-ROM
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All you need to do is mount the CD-ROM, which will generally
|
|
be device cd0. (The initial boot messages will tell you what
|
|
the CD-ROM drive is probed as.) This would be done with:
|
|
.Dl "mount -r -t cd9660 /dev/cd0a /mnt2"
|
|
.It
|
|
Preparing to Install from the Network
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first thing you need to do is configure the loopback network
|
|
interface, which is done with the command
|
|
.Dl "ifconfig lo0 127.0.0.1"
|
|
Then you will have to configure your Ethernet card. The command
|
|
.Dl "ifconfig -l"
|
|
will give you a list of the network interfaces on your system.
|
|
It will show you your ethernet cards first, followed by lo0
|
|
(the loopback interface that we configured above), ppp0 (the
|
|
PPP interface) and sl0 (the SLIP interface).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To configure your ethernet card, type
|
|
.Ic ifconfig Ar if Li inet
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
.Op Li netmask
|
|
.Op Li media Ar media
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar if
|
|
is the network card (interface), almost always
|
|
.Li de0 ,
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
is the IP address, the optional
|
|
.Ar netmask
|
|
parameter is the network mask,
|
|
and the optional
|
|
.Ar media
|
|
parameter is one of:
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.Bl -column "10baseT/UTPxx" "T4 twisted pair interfacexx" "100 Mbpsxxxx" \
|
|
-offset indent
|
|
.It 10base2 Ta BNC connector Ta 10 Mbps
|
|
.It AUI Ta AUI connector Ta 10 Mbps
|
|
.It 10baseT/UTP Ta Twisted pair connector Ta 10 Mbps
|
|
.It 100baseTX Ta Twisted pair connector Ta 100 Mbps
|
|
.It 100baseFX Ta Fibre-optic connector Ta 100 Mbps
|
|
.It 100baseT4 Ta T4 twisted pair interface Ta 100 Mbps
|
|
.El
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the host you are getting the data files from is not on the
|
|
local network, you will also have to configure a gateway into
|
|
your system. Do this with
|
|
.Dl route add default \*<gateway-IP-address\*>
|
|
One improvement over the good old days is that the resolver is now
|
|
present; by configuring
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
you can get name resolution during any install NFS or FTP operations.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once networking has been configured, you may mount the directory
|
|
with the install files via NFS, or download them via FTP.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To mount them via nfs, type
|
|
.Dl mount -t nfs \*<hostname:/path/to/nfs/volume\*> /mnt2
|
|
If this volume has been exported read-only, you may need the
|
|
`-r' option to mount.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To download the install sets with ftp, create a directory in
|
|
which to put them and then use the ftp client to download them.
|
|
Mirror sites are listed at:
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html
|
|
A typical session might be:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
mkdir /mnt/usr/release
|
|
cd /mnt/usr/release
|
|
ftp ftp.netbsd.org
|
|
.Ed
|
|
[the following commmands are given to the ftp program
|
|
after logging in]
|
|
.Bd -literal offset indent
|
|
prompt
|
|
cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V/alpha/binary/sets
|
|
mget *
|
|
bye
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Feel free, of course, to leave off the sets that you don't need
|
|
if you don't plan to install everything.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.El
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
Unpack distribution sets: Extracting the Operating System Files
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Change to the root directory of your hard
|
|
drive (which is
|
|
.Pa /mnt
|
|
if you've used the standard install script
|
|
to this point) by typing
|
|
.Dl cd /mnt
|
|
For this and the following commands, replace
|
|
.Pa /mnt/usr/release/
|
|
with the path to your NFS volume or CD-ROM if that's how you
|
|
chose to access your install files instead.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The sets and kernel are extracted with
|
|
.
|
|
.(disp
|
|
cd /mnt
|
|
for i in base kern comp etc games man misc text; do
|
|
tar xpzf /mnt/usr/release/$i.tgz;
|
|
done
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.
|
|
or perhaps:
|
|
.
|
|
.(disp
|
|
cd /mnt
|
|
for i in /mnt/usr/release/*.tgz; do
|
|
echo $i
|
|
tar xpzf $i
|
|
done
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.
|
|
Now make the device nodes:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
cd /mnt/dev
|
|
sh ./MAKEDEV all
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.It
|
|
Restart your system
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unmount the file systems and halt. The exact instructions to
|
|
type here will depend on the file systems you created, but
|
|
typically the commands are:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
cd /
|
|
umount /mnt/usr
|
|
umount /mnt
|
|
sync # not needed but traditional
|
|
halt
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You should now be at the SRM console's \*>\*>\*> prompt and can reboot
|
|
into the new configuration (possibly after an optional power cycle)
|
|
with a command such as:
|
|
.Dl boot dka0
|
|
This command might be:
|
|
.Ic boot dka100
|
|
if your drive is on ID 1.
|
|
You can usually use
|
|
.Ic show device
|
|
to see a full list of bootable
|
|
devices in your system. Your system will come up in single-user
|
|
mode, ready for you to configure it.
|
|
.
|
|
.El
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can create the floppy needed for installation
|
|
under DOS or Windows. Supposing your 1.44M floppy
|
|
drive is drive A:, and your CD is drive
|
|
.Ic E: ,
|
|
do the following from an MS-DOS command prompt:
|
|
.D1 Ic "e:\&
|
|
.D1 Ic "cd \eNetBSD-\*V\einstallation\emisc
|
|
.D1 Ic "rawrite
|
|
When asked for a source filename, answer
|
|
.D1 Ic "\&...\efloppy\edisk1of2
|
|
When asked for a destination drive answer
|
|
.D1 Ic \&a
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(Repeat the procedure for
|
|
.Pa installation/floppy/disk2of2 . )
|