BIND 9
BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the
underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of
BIND 9 are:
- DNS Security
DNSSEC (signed zones)
TSIG (signed DNS requests)
- IP version 6
Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets
IPv6 resource records (AAAA)
Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library
- DNS Protocol Enhancements
IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0
Improved standards conformance
- Views
One server process can provide multiple "views" of
the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain
clients, and an "outside" view to others.
- Multiprocessor Support
- Improved Portability Architecture
BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following
organisations:
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Hewlett Packard
Compaq Computer Corporation
IBM
Process Software Corporation
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Network Associates, Inc.
U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
USENIX Association
Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
Nominum, Inc.
BIND 9.2.3
BIND 9.2.3 is a maintenance release, containing fixes for
a number of bugs in 9.2.2.
A new zone type delegation-only is now supported.
A new view option root-delegation-only is now supported.
libbind: corresponds to that from BIND 8.4.0.
BIND 9.2.2
BIND 9.2.2 is a maintenance release, containing fixes for
a number of bugs in 9.2.1 but no new features. RFC 2535
style DNSSEC is disabled as it is incompatible with the
forthcoming DS style DNSSEC.
libbind: from BIND 8.3.3. [CERT CA-2002-19]
Minimum OpenSSL version now 0.9.6e. [CERT CA-2002-23]
BIND 9.2.1
BIND 9.2.1 is a maintenance release, containing fixes for
a number of bugs in 9.2.0 but no new features.
NOTE: dig, nslookup name. now report "Not Implemented" as
NOTIMP rather than NOTIMPL. This will have impact on scripts
that are looking for NOTIMPL.
BIND 9.2.0
BIND 9.2.0 introduces a number of new features over 9.1,
including:
- The size of the cache can now be limited using the
"max-cache-size" option.
- The server can now automatically convert RFC1886-style
recursive lookup requests into RFC2874-style lookups,
when enabled using the new option "allow-v6-synthesis".
This allows stub resolvers that support AAAA records
but not A6 record chains or binary labels to perform
lookups in domains that make use of these IPv6 DNS
features.
- Performance has been improved.
- The man pages now use the more portable "man" macros
rather than the "mandoc" macros, and are installed
by "make install".
- The named.conf parser has been completely rewritten.
It now supports "include" directives in more
places such as inside "view" statements, and it no
longer has any reserved words.
- The "rndc status" command is now implemented.
- rndc can now be configured automatically.
- A BIND 8 compatible stub resolver library is now
included in lib/bind.
- OpenSSL has been removed from the distribution. This
means that to use DNSSEC, OpenSSL must be installed and
the --with-openssl option must be supplied to configure.
This does not apply to the use of TSIG, which does not
require OpenSSL.
- The source distribution now builds on Windows NT/2000.
See win32utils/readme1.txt and win32utils/win32-build.txt
for details.
This distribution also includes a new lightweight stub
resolver library and associated resolver daemon that fully
support forward and reverse lookups of both IPv4 and IPv6
addresses. This library is considered experimental and
is not a complete replacement for the BIND 8 resolver library.
Applications that use the BIND 8 res_* functions to perform
DNS lookups or dynamic updates still need to be linked against
the BIND 8 libraries. For DNS lookups, they can also use the
new "getrrsetbyname()" API.
BIND 9.2 is capable of acting as an authoritative server
for DNSSEC secured zones. This functionality is believed to
be stable and complete except for lacking support for wildcard
records in secure zones.
When acting as a caching server, BIND 9.2 can be configured
to perform DNSSEC secure resolution on behalf of its clients.
This part of the DNSSEC implementation is still considered
experimental. For detailed information about the state of the
DNSSEC implementation, see the file doc/misc/dnssec.
There are a few known bugs:
On some systems, IPv6 and IPv4 sockets interact in
unexpected ways. For details, see doc/misc/ipv6.
To reduce the impact of these problems, the server
no longer listens for requests on IPv6 addresses
by default. If you need to accept DNS queries over
IPv6, you must specify "listen-on-v6 { any; };"
in the named.conf options statement.
FreeBSD prior to 4.2 (and 4.2 if running as non-root)
and OpenBSD prior to 2.8 log messages like
"fcntl(8, F_SETFL, 4): Inappropriate ioctl for device".
This is due to a bug in "/dev/random" and impacts the
server's DNSSEC support.
OS X 10.1.4 (Darwin 5.4) reports errors like
"fcntl(3, F_SETFL, 4): Operation not supported by device".
This is due to a bug in "/dev/random" and impacts the
server's DNSSEC support.
--with-libtool does not work on AIX.
A bug in the Windows 2000 DNS server can cause zone transfers
from a BIND 9 server to a W2K server to fail. For details,
see the "Zone Transfers" section in doc/misc/migration.
For a detailed list of user-visible changes from
previous releases, see the CHANGES file.
Building
BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,
basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.
We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:
AIX 4.3
COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 4.0D
COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5 (with IPv6 EAK)
FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE, 3.5, 4.0, 4.1
HP-UX 11.x, x < 11
IRIX64 6.5
NetBSD 1.5
Red Hat Linux 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 7.0
Solaris 2.6, 7, 8
Windows NT/W2K
Additionally, we have unverified reports of success building
previous versions of BIND 9 from users of the following systems:
AIX 5L
SuSE Linux 7.0
Slackware Linux 7.x, 8.0
Red Hat Linux 7.1
Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 and 3.0
OpenBSD 2.6, 2.8, 2.9
UnixWare 7.1.1
HP-UX 10.20
BSD/OS 4.2
OpenUNIX 8
Mac OS X 10.1
To build, just
./configure
make
Do not use a parallel "make".
Several environment variables that can be set before running
configure will affect compilation:
CC
The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure
out the right one for supported systems.
CFLAGS
C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2
as supported by the compiler.
STD_CINCLUDES
System header file directories. Can be used to specify
where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
Defaults to empty string.
STD_CDEFINES
Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
Defaults to empty string.
Possible settings:
-DISC_RFC2535
Enable support RFC 2535 style DNSSEC. This
is incompatable with the upcoming DS support
and SHOULD NOT be set unless you are currently
making use of it.
To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the
configure command line.
For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it
with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a
or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the
configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under
a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to
look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".
To build libbind (the BIND 8 resolver library), specify
"--enable-libbind" on the configure command line.
On some platforms, BIND 9 can be built with multithreading
support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.
You can specify whether to build a multithreaded BIND 9
by specifying "--enable-threads" or "--disable-threads"
on the configure command line. The default is operating
system dependent.
If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it
will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6
separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.
"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.
By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed
with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".
You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory
where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,
and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory
of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,
--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to
"/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix
option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir
defaults to "$prefix/var".
To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".
Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8
compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you
should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find
"make tags" helpful.
If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.
This will ensure that all the option changes take.
Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual
compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).
* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86
if the optimiser is enabled. Use -O0 to disable the optimiser.
* gcc ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.
A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of
the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses
on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README
for details.
Documentation
The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the
source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the
doc/arm directory.
Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages
in their directories. In particular, the command line
options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.
There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.
If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration
notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from
BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.
Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in
FAQ.
Bug Reports and Mailing Lists
Bugs reports should be sent to
bind9-bugs@isc.org
Configuration questions should be sent to the BIND 9 Users
mailing list. Compilation questions should be sent to the
BIND 9 Users mailing list.
To join the BIND 9 Users mailing list, send mail to
bind9-users-request@isc.org
archives of which can be found via
http://www.isc.org/ml-archives/
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source
code, you might want to join the BIND Workers mailing list.
Send mail to
bind-workers-request@isc.org
